http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ en-us Sat, 01 Sep 2012 00:00:00 GMT Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:45:17 GMT Silverchair editor@archpedi.jamanetwork.com webmaster@archpedi.jamanetwork.com http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleID=383570 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT van der Plas E, Conrad A, Canady J, et al. <span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Objective</div>To evaluate potential abnormalities in brain structure of children and adolescents with unilateral clefts.<div class="boxTitle">Design</div>Case-control study.<div class="boxTitle">Setting</div>Tertiary care center.<div class="boxTitle">Participants</div>Boys aged 7 to 17 years with right (n = 14) and left (n = 19) clefts were compared with healthy age-matched boys (n = 57).<div class="boxTitle">Main Exposures</div>Structural brain measures were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging.<div class="boxTitle">Outcome Measure</div>It was explored whether laterality of clefts had a significant effect on brain structure. To this end, volumes of tissue types and various brain regions were evaluated.<div class="boxTitle">Results</div>Total white matter was significantly lower in boys with right clefts compared with boys with left clefts and healthy boys. Gross regional analyses demonstrated that reductions in white matter were evident in both the cerebellum and the cerebrum in boys with right clefts. Furthermore, within the cerebrum, white matter volumes were particularly low in the frontal lobes and the occipital lobes.<div class="boxTitle">Conclusions</div>These preliminary results suggest that right clefts may be associated with more abnormalities in brain structure. More generally, laterality of a birth defect may have a significant effect on a developing organism.</span> 164 8 763 768 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.123 http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleID=383570