TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modifiable determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d status in early childhood: Opportunities for prevention
AU  - Maguire JL, Birken CS, Khovratovich M, et al
Y1  - 2013/03/01
N1  - 10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.226
JO  - JAMA Pediatrics
SP  - 230
EP  - 235
VL  - 167
IS  - 3
N2  - Objectives 
                  To determine the effect of modifiable dietary intake variables (current vitamin D supplementation and daily cow's milk intake) on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in early childhood and to evaluate the relationship between these modifiable dietary factors and other largely nonmodifiable determinants of vitamin D status including skin pigmentation and season.Design 
                  Cross-sectional study.Setting 
                  Primary care pediatric and family medicine practices participating in the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Participants 
                  From December 2008 to June 2011, healthy children 1 to 5 years of age were recruited during a routine physician's visit.Interventions 
                  Survey, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory data were collected. A multivariable linear regression model was developed to examine the independent effects of vitamin D supplementation and daily volume of cow's milk on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level.Main Outcome Measures 
                  25-Hydroxyvitamin D level.Results 
                  Blood was obtained in 1898 children. Two modifiable dietary intake variables, vitamin D supplementation and cow's milk, increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D level by 3.4 ng/mL (95% CI, 2-4 ng/mL) and 1.6 ng/mL per 250-mL cup per day (95% CI, 1-2 ng/mL), respectively. Two nonmodifiable variables reflecting cutaneous vitamin D synthesis (skin pigmentation and season) were also strongly associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D status but accounted for a much smaller proportion of the explained variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. The effect of vitamin D supplementation and milk intake on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level appeared similar regardless of skin pigmentation or season.Conclusion 
                  Two modifiable dietary intake variables (vitamin D supplementation and cow's milk intake) are the most important determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in early childhood.
SN  - 2168-6203
M3  - doi: 10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.226
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.226
ER  -