RT Journal
A1 Primack BA, Silk JS, DeLozier CR, et al
T1 USing ecological momentary assessment to determine media use by individuals with and without major depressive disorder
JF Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
JO Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
YR 2011
FD April 1
VO 165
IS 4
SP 360
OP 365
DO 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.27
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.27
AB Objective 
    To use ecological momentary assessment techniques to measure the association of major depressive disorder (MDD) with media use.Design 
    Data were collected using an ecological momentary assessment protocol with cellular telephone–based brief interviews.Setting 
    Participants received as many as 60 telephone calls from a trained staff member during 5 extended weekends in an 8-week period.Participants 
    One hundred six adolescent participants who were part of a larger neurobehavioral study of depression in Pittsburgh from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2008.Main Exposure 
    At each call, participants were asked whether they were using the following 5 types of media: television or movies, music, video games, Internet, and print media, such as magazines, newspapers, and books.Main Outcome Measures 
    We developed multivariable models to determine the independent association of each type of media use with MDD, controlling for sociodemographic variables.Results 
    Of the 106 participants, 46 were diagnosed as having MDD. In multivariable models controlling for age, sex, and race, each increasing quartile of audio use was associated with an 80% increase in the odds of having MDD (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.8; P = .01 for trend). Conversely, each increasing quartile of print media use was associated with a 50% decrease in the odds of having MDD (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P = .009 for trend).Conclusions 
    Major depressive disorder is positively associated with popular music exposure and negatively associated with reading print media such as books. Further research elucidating the directionality and strength of these relationships may help advance understanding of the relationships between media use and MDD.