RT Journal
A1 Kirkpatrick SI, McIntyre L, Potestio ML
T1 CHild hunger and long-term adverse consequences for health
JF Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
JO Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
YR 2010
FD August 1
VO 164
IS 8
SP 754
OP 762
DO 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.117
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.117
AB Objective 
    To examine the effects of hunger, an extreme manifestation of food insecurity, on subsequent health outcomes using data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY).Design 
    Longitudinal survey, 1994-2004/2005.Setting 
    Canada.Participants 
    A total of 5809 children aged 10 to 15 years and 3333 youth aged 16 to 21 years.Main Exposures 
    Longitudinal survey data spanning a 10-year period were analyzed using logistic regression. Measures of hunger from NLSCY cycles 1 through 5 were used to differentiate participants who were ever hungry from those who were never hungry. A 3-level variable was created to assess the effect of repeated episodes of hunger. Covariates included participants' age, sex, baseline health, and household sociodemographic characteristics. Stratified models were used to examine the relation between hunger and health among boys and girls separately.Outcome Measures 
    The NLCSY cycle 6 outcomes included poor general health, chronic health conditions, and asthma.Results 
    Among children, both ever being hungry and multiple episodes of hunger were associated with poorer general health but not with chronic conditions or asthma. Higher odds of chronic conditions and of asthma were observed among youth who experienced multiple episodes of hunger compared with those who were never hungry. Associations between hunger and poorer health outcomes persisted among girls in stratified analyses.Conclusions 
    Children and youth who experience hunger are more likely to have poorer health, and repeated exposure appears to be particularly toxic. Our findings point to the relevance of food insecurity in childhood as a marker of vulnerability, with implications for clinical practice and advocacy.