RT Journal A1 Sudakin DL T1 MYcotoxins and pulmonary hemorrhage JF Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine JO Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine YR 1999 FD February 1 VO 153 IS 2 SP 205 OP 205 DO UL http://dx.doi.org/ AB Consistent with earlier reports that investigated this cluster of cases,2 exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was found to have a much stronger association with the development of pulmonary hemorrhage than did the presence of S atra in the study environment. In the "Comment" section of the article, reference is made to a secondary role that exposure to ETS may play in triggering pulmonary hemorrhage. Given the body of evidence that neonates and infants are at higher risk for developing pulmonary disease from exposure to ETS,3 the confounding effect of this risk factor seems to be underestimated. A primary or synergistic role of exposure to ETS and the development of pulmonary hemorrhage in infants could be supported by data presented in this article, and the public health significance of this finding should not be understated.