RT Journal
A1 Shakya HB, Christakis NA, Fowler JH
T1 PArental influence on substance use in adolescent social networks
JF Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
JO Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
YR 2012
FD December 1
VO 166
IS 12
SP 1132
OP 1139
DO 10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1372
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1372
AB Objective 
                  To evaluate the relationship between the parenting style of an adolescent's peers' parents and an adolescent's substance use.Design 
                  Longitudinal survey.Setting 
                  Adolescents across the United States were interviewed at school and at home.Participants 
                  Nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States.Main Exposure 
                  Authoritative vs neglectful parenting style of adolescent's parents and adolescent's friends' parents and adolescent substance use.Main Outcome Measures 
                  Adolescent alcohol abuse, smoking, marijuana use, and binge drinking.Results 
                  If an adolescent had a friend whose mother was authoritative, that adolescent was 40% (95% CI, 12%-58%) less likely to drink to the point of drunkenness, 38% (95% CI, 5%-59%) less likely to binge drink, 39% (95% CI, 12%-58%) less likely to smoke cigarettes, and 43% (95% CI, 1%-67%) less likely to use marijuana than an adolescent whose friend's mother was neglectful, controlling for the parenting style of the adolescent's own mother, school-level fixed effects, and demographics. These results were only partially mediated by peer substance use.Conclusions 
                  Social network influences may extend beyond the homogeneous dimensions of own peer or own parent to include extradyadic influences of the wider network. The value of parenting interventions should be reassessed to take into account these spillover effects in the greater network.