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The Pediatric Forum |

Varicella Vaccine Refusal May Not Be Bad

Kenneth Harkavy, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Author Affiliations: Emergency Medicine Associates, Germantown, Maryland, and Reston Hospital Center, Reston, Virginia.


Copyright 2010 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use.

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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(8):780-780. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.132
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The purpose of the article by Glanz et al1 is to help clinicians counsel families and to encourage acceptance of the varicella vaccine. As a counselor and parent, I need to know the absolute risk, rather than the relative risk, of catching varicella if I refuse the vaccine. Approximately 1.6% of the almost 87 000 children in the Kaiser system do not get the vaccine because of parental refusal (10 children of 626 cases and controls); 5.26% of varicella disease was associated with vaccine refusal. Thus, 1390 children whose parents refused the vaccine (eg, “refusers”) were at risk and an estimated 16 refusers got varicella, for an attack rate of 1.17%. Similarly, the attack rate for children not vaccinated for reasons other than refusal (“acceptors”) is 0.34% (293 cases among 85 600 acceptors, a rate similar to the annual rate reported in Portland).2 Including children who were seen with a history of, but not active, varicella would represent a truer attack rate and estimation of resource consumption.

I do agree that information on costs of home care of a sick child may be relevant to some parents, but a discussion of the likelihood of severe complications is more relevant to the parent trying to “protect” his child from harm. Among the estimated 4 000 000 annual cases of wild varicella in the 1980s, about 4000 children were hospitalized and 50 to 100 died.3 According to data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), about 2.6 serious adverse events (death, meningitis, zoster, and convulsions) per 100 000 vaccine doses occur at all ages.4

From a societal perspective, the vaccine makes sense, since herd immunity keeps the risk of varicella low (1.17% vs over 90%, 4 000 000 cases per year with approximately 4 000 000 births per year). However, from an individual's perspective, the risk of a serious adverse event after the vaccine at 2.6 of 100 000 is perhaps higher than after a potential case of varicella at 1.17 hospitalizations (100 of 100 000 cases of varicella × 1.17% risk of varicella) and 0.03 deaths (2.5 × 1.17%) per 100 000 children during the period of observation in the study by Glanz et al.1 It is not so obvious that refusal of vaccine is an inappropriate decision, as long as the risk of getting varicella is kept low by the 95% of children who get the vaccine.

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Correspondence: Dr Harkavy, 9709 Hall Rd, Potomac, MD 20854 (klhark46@gmail.com).

Financial Disclosure: None reported.

Glanz  JM, McClure  DL, Magid  DJ, Daley  MF, France  EK, Hambidge  SJ. Parental refusal of varicella vaccination and the associated risk of varicella infection in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164 (1) 66- 70
PubMed
Lee  LE, Ho  H, Lorber  E, Fratto  J, Perkins  S, Cieslak  PR. Vaccine-era varicella epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness in a public elementary school population, 2002–2007. Pediatrics 2008;121 (6) e1548- e1554
PubMed
Lichenstein  R. Pediatrics, chicken pox or varicella. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/800546-overview. Updated December 8, 2009; Accessed January 11, 2010
Chaves  SS, Haber  P, Walton  K.  et al.  Safety of varicella vaccine after licensure in the United States: experience from reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system, 1995–2005. J Infect Dis 2008;197 ((suppl 2)) S170- S177
PubMed

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Glanz  JM, McClure  DL, Magid  DJ, Daley  MF, France  EK, Hambidge  SJ. Parental refusal of varicella vaccination and the associated risk of varicella infection in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164 (1) 66- 70
PubMed
Lee  LE, Ho  H, Lorber  E, Fratto  J, Perkins  S, Cieslak  PR. Vaccine-era varicella epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness in a public elementary school population, 2002–2007. Pediatrics 2008;121 (6) e1548- e1554
PubMed
Lichenstein  R. Pediatrics, chicken pox or varicella. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/800546-overview. Updated December 8, 2009; Accessed January 11, 2010
Chaves  SS, Haber  P, Walton  K.  et al.  Safety of varicella vaccine after licensure in the United States: experience from reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system, 1995–2005. J Infect Dis 2008;197 ((suppl 2)) S170- S177
PubMed

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