0
The Pediatric Forum |

Sleep Behavior in an Urban US Sample of School-Aged Children: A Critical Appraisal

Andrew Currie, BSc
[+] Author Affiliations

Copyright 2005 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use.

More Author Information
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(8):787-788. doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.8.787-a
Text Size: A A A
Published online

The Spilsbury et al article1 looking at sleep behaviors in schoolchildren provides a welcome spotlight on a poorly understood area. A major criticism of the Spilsbury et al methods is that the study was not conducted for a significant length of time, just 7 days. Although the investigators attempt to reduce the effect of any confounders by removing data from children in the winter vacation, they do not in fact state which times of year the data were taken. Not including this information brings a significant degree of invalidity to the study since it is known that sleep duration can change with season,2 possibly via extraneous factors like temperature.3 A further possibility remains that variation in bedtimes measured in this study could be altered by cultural or social events since it is only 1 week that is measured. Spilsbury et al could have improved the quality of their study by conducting it over a greater number of weeks and stating the time of year the data were taken from, or even examining data from each individual at different times of the year.

The initial cohort had a higher proportion of nonminority children. To prevent any racial bias, an additional 243 minority children were included to bring the total study sample to 907. This may have conferred a selection bias onto the study as it does not appear to have been performed randomly and there is no indication as to how this extra sample was recruited. Spilsbury et al state that this addition to the sample was “balanced” with regard to their term or preterm status but do not indicate exactly what this means or how it was performed.

Sleep duration is measured by Spilsbury et al as a single variable, and the component parts of such a measurement seemed to have been overlooked. Sleep duration is measured in the study between “bedtime” and “waking up.” There appears to be no consideration or mention of sleep latency. Variations in sleep latency would have an enormous impact on the results, since simply because the children in the study state they spend more time in bed does not mean they are sleeping more. Sleep latency shows variation between individuals and can change in disease4 or with increased stress,5 neither of which are adequately taken into account in the study.

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Correspondence: Mr Currie, Medical Teaching Centre, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (a.c.currie@warwick.ac.uk).

Spilsbury  JC, Storfer-Isser  A, Drotar  D.  et al.  Sleep behavior in an urban US sample of school-aged children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158988- 994
PubMed
Kohsaka  M, Fukuda  N, Honma  K, Honma  S, Morita  N. Seasonality in human sleep. Experientia 1992;48231- 233
PubMed
Roth  T. Characteristics and determinants of normal sleep. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65 ((suppl 16)) 8- 11
PubMed
Ohayon  MM, Carskadon  MA, Guilleminault  C.  et al.  Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep 2004;271255- 1273
PubMed
White  MA, Williams  PD, Alexander  DJ.  et al.  Sleep onset latency and distress in hospitalized children. Nurs Res 1990;39134- 139
PubMed

First Page Preview

First page PDF preview

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

Spilsbury  JC, Storfer-Isser  A, Drotar  D.  et al.  Sleep behavior in an urban US sample of school-aged children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158988- 994
PubMed
Kohsaka  M, Fukuda  N, Honma  K, Honma  S, Morita  N. Seasonality in human sleep. Experientia 1992;48231- 233
PubMed
Roth  T. Characteristics and determinants of normal sleep. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65 ((suppl 16)) 8- 11
PubMed
Ohayon  MM, Carskadon  MA, Guilleminault  C.  et al.  Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep 2004;271255- 1273
PubMed
White  MA, Williams  PD, Alexander  DJ.  et al.  Sleep onset latency and distress in hospitalized children. Nurs Res 1990;39134- 139
PubMed

Correspondence

CME Course for:


You need to register in order to view this quiz.


To understand the clinical management of acute heart failure syndromes.
Accreditation Information The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
To view and print your certificate and access a summary of your CME courses go to My CME.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Submit a Comment

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.

Articles Related By Topic
Related Topics
PubMed Articles