0
August 1995, Vol 149, No. 8 >
Article | August 1995

Teenage Childbearing: Title and subTitle BreakAn Adaptive Strategy for the Socioeconomically Disadvantaged or a Strategy for Adapting to Socioeconomic Disadvantage? FREE

Catherine Stevens-Simon, MD; Rochelle Lowy, MSW
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149(8):912-915. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170210086015
Text Size: A A A
Published online
Article
References
Comments

Objective:  To examine the relation between childbearing and educational and vocational achievements of American females high school students.

Data Source:  Articles published in English during the past decade about the educational, vocational, and socioeconomic sequelae of childbearing among female high school students.

Data Selection:  Articles that did not contain data about the relation between adolescent childbearing and educational and vocational achievement were excluded.

Data Synthesis:  Most females who begin childbearing during adolescence obtain less schooling and poorer-paying jobs than do females who postpone childbearing. The reasons for this are elusive. Differences in the family and cultural backgrounds of early (high school–age) and later (18 years and older) childbearers explain some but not all of the association between early childbearing and educational and vocational underachievement. The effect of childbearing preferences on the educational and vocational achievements of teenagers has not been studied adequately. Lack of concrete information could result in underestimation of the effect of early childbearing on the socioeconomic well-being of young Americans, and create the impression that adolescent pregnancy is an adaptive response to urban poverty.

Conclusions:  As much as the long-term socioeconomic sequelae of adolescent childbearing reflect factors that influence the judgments young people make about the costs and benefits of contraception and parenthood, adolescent childbearing is a means of adapting to urban poverty. Thus postponing adolescent conceptions and parenthood may have a less important effect on the socioeconomic well-being of young Americans than expected.(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149:912-915)

REFERENCES

1 +
Furstenberg FF, Brooks-Gunn J, Morgan SP.  Adolescent mothers and their children in later life . Fam Plann Perspect . 1987;;19:142-151.
2 +
Miller BC.  Adolescent parenthood, economic issues, and social policies . J Fam Econ Issues . 1992;;13:467-475.
3 +
Klerman LV.  Adolescent pregnancy and parenting controversies of the past and lessons for the future . J Adolesc Health . 1993;;14:553-361.
4 +
Stevens-Simon C, White M.  Adolescent pregnancy . Pediatr Ann . 1991;;20:322-331.
5 +
Moore KA.  Teenage childbearing: unresolved issues in research/policy debate . Fam Plann Perspect . 1988;;22:189-209.
6 +
Hardy JB, Zabin LS. Adolescent Pregnancy in an Urban Environment . Baltimore Md; Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1991;.
7 +
Miller BC.  Families, science, and values: alternative views of parenting effects and adolescent pregnancy . J Marriage Fam . 1993;;55:7-21.
8 +
Hayes CD, ed. Risking the Future . Washington, DC: National Academic Press; 1987;;1.
9 +
Furstenberg FF.  Teenage childbearing and cultural rationality: a thesis in search of evidence . Fam Relations . 1992;;41:239-243.
10 +
Geronimus AT.  Teenage childbearing and social and reproductive disadvantage: the evolution of complex questions and the demise of simple answers . Fam Relations . 1991;;40:463-471.
11 +
Geronimus AT.  Teenage childbearing and social disadvantage: unprotected discourse . Fam Relations . 1992;;41:244-248.
12 +
Upchurch DM, McCarthy J.  The timing of a first birth and high school completion . Am Sociol Rev . 1990;;55:224-234.
13 +
Upchurch DM, McCarthy J, Ferguson LR.  Childbearing and schooling: disentangling temporal and causal mechanisms . Am Sociol Rev . 1993;;58:738-740.
14 +
Anderson DK.  Adolescent mothers drop out . Am Sociol Rev . 1993;;58:733-738.
15 +
Hoffman SD, Foster EM, Furstenberg FF.  Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing . Demography . 1993;;30:1-13.
16 +
Grogger J, Bronars S.  The socioeconomic consequences of teenage childbearing: findings from a natural experiment . Fam Plann Perspect . 1993;;25:156-174.
17 +
Stevens-Simon C, Parsons J, Montgomery C.  What is the relationship between postpartum withdrawal from school and repeat pregnancy among adolescent mothers? J Adolesc Health Care . 1986;;7:191-194.
18 +
Stevens-Simon C, Beach R.  Care of pregnant teenagers in school . J Sch Health . 1992;;62:304-309.
19 +
Abrahamse AF, Morrison PA, Waite LJ.  Teenagers willing to consider single parenthood: who is at greatest risk? Fam Plann Perspect . 1988;;20:13-18.
20 +
Elster AB, Ketterlinus R, Lamb ME.  Association between parenthood and problem behavior in a national sample of adolescents . Pediatrics . 1990;;85:1044-1050.
21 +
Trussell J, Hatcher RA, Cates W, Stewart FH, Kost K.  Contraceptive failure in the United States: an update . Stud Fam Plann . 1990;;21:51-54.
22 +
Newcomer S, Baldwin W.  Demographics of adolescent sexual behavior, contraception, pregnancy and STDs . J Sch Health . 1992;;62:265-270.
23 +
Leigh BC, Morrison DM, Trocki K, Temple MT.  Sexual behavior of American adolescents: results from a US national survey . J Adolesc Health . 1994;;15: 117-125.
24 +
Apter D, Viinikka L, Vihko R.  Hormonal pattern of adolescent menstrual cycles . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1978;;47:944-954.
25 +
Stevens-Simon C, McAnarney ER.  Subfecundity: a prenatal risk factor in for adults but not for adolescents . J Adolesc Health Care . 1990;;11:432-436.
26 +
Rainey DY, Stevens-Simon, C, Kaplan DW.  Self-perception of infertility among female adolescents . AJDC . 1993;;147:1053-1056.
27 +
Zabin LS, Astone NM, Emerson MR.  Do adolescents want babies? the relationship between attitudes and behavior . J Res Adolesc . 1993;;3:67-86.
28 +
Matsuhashi Y, Felice ME, Shragg P, Hollingsworth DR.  Is repeat pregnancy in adolescents a 'planned' affair? J Adolesc Health Care . 1989;;10:409-412.
29 +
Furstenberg FF.  As the pendulum swings: teenage childbearing and social concern . Fam Relations . 1991;;40:127-138.
30 +
Zabin LS, Clark SD.  Why they delay: a study of teenage family planning clinic patients . Fam Plann Perspect . 1981;;13:205-217.
31 +
Stevens-Simon C, Reichert S.  Child sexual abuse and adolescent pregnancy . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med . 1994;;148:23-27.
32 +
Stevens-Simon C, Beach R, Eagar R.  Contraception after a negative pregnancy test during adolescence . Adolesc Pediatr Gynecol . 1993;;6:83-85.
33 +
Brooks-Gunn J, Chase-Lansdale PL.  Children having children: effects on the family system . Pediatr Ann . 1991;;20:467-481.
34 +
Zabin LS, Stark HA, Emerson MR.  Reasons for delay in contraceptive clinic utilization: adolescent clinic and non-clinic populations compared . J Adolesc Health . 1991;;12:225-232.
35 +
Levinson R.  Contraceptive self-efficacy: a perspective on teenage girls' contraceptive behavior . J Sex Res . 1986;;22:347-369.
36 +
Gabriel A, McAnarney ER.  Parenthood in two subcultures: white middle-class couples and black low-income adolescents in Rochester, New York . Adolescence . 1983;;18:595-608.
37 +
Jessor R.  Risk behavior in adolescence: a psychosocial framework for understanding and action . J Adolesc Health . 1991;;12:597-605.
38 +
DuRant R, Jay S.  The adolescent heterosexual relationship and its association with the sexual and contraceptive behavior of black females . AJDC . 1989;;143: 1467-1472.

First Page Preview

First page PDF preview

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Furstenberg FF, Brooks-Gunn J, Morgan SP.  Adolescent mothers and their children in later life . Fam Plann Perspect . 1987;;19:142-151.
2 +
Miller BC.  Adolescent parenthood, economic issues, and social policies . J Fam Econ Issues . 1992;;13:467-475.
3 +
Klerman LV.  Adolescent pregnancy and parenting controversies of the past and lessons for the future . J Adolesc Health . 1993;;14:553-361.
4 +
Stevens-Simon C, White M.  Adolescent pregnancy . Pediatr Ann . 1991;;20:322-331.
5 +
Moore KA.  Teenage childbearing: unresolved issues in research/policy debate . Fam Plann Perspect . 1988;;22:189-209.
6 +
Hardy JB, Zabin LS. Adolescent Pregnancy in an Urban Environment . Baltimore Md; Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1991;.
7 +
Miller BC.  Families, science, and values: alternative views of parenting effects and adolescent pregnancy . J Marriage Fam . 1993;;55:7-21.
8 +
Hayes CD, ed. Risking the Future . Washington, DC: National Academic Press; 1987;;1.
9 +
Furstenberg FF.  Teenage childbearing and cultural rationality: a thesis in search of evidence . Fam Relations . 1992;;41:239-243.
10 +
Geronimus AT.  Teenage childbearing and social and reproductive disadvantage: the evolution of complex questions and the demise of simple answers . Fam Relations . 1991;;40:463-471.
11 +
Geronimus AT.  Teenage childbearing and social disadvantage: unprotected discourse . Fam Relations . 1992;;41:244-248.
12 +
Upchurch DM, McCarthy J.  The timing of a first birth and high school completion . Am Sociol Rev . 1990;;55:224-234.
13 +
Upchurch DM, McCarthy J, Ferguson LR.  Childbearing and schooling: disentangling temporal and causal mechanisms . Am Sociol Rev . 1993;;58:738-740.
14 +
Anderson DK.  Adolescent mothers drop out . Am Sociol Rev . 1993;;58:733-738.
15 +
Hoffman SD, Foster EM, Furstenberg FF.  Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing . Demography . 1993;;30:1-13.
16 +
Grogger J, Bronars S.  The socioeconomic consequences of teenage childbearing: findings from a natural experiment . Fam Plann Perspect . 1993;;25:156-174.
17 +
Stevens-Simon C, Parsons J, Montgomery C.  What is the relationship between postpartum withdrawal from school and repeat pregnancy among adolescent mothers? J Adolesc Health Care . 1986;;7:191-194.
18 +
Stevens-Simon C, Beach R.  Care of pregnant teenagers in school . J Sch Health . 1992;;62:304-309.
19 +
Abrahamse AF, Morrison PA, Waite LJ.  Teenagers willing to consider single parenthood: who is at greatest risk? Fam Plann Perspect . 1988;;20:13-18.
20 +
Elster AB, Ketterlinus R, Lamb ME.  Association between parenthood and problem behavior in a national sample of adolescents . Pediatrics . 1990;;85:1044-1050.
21 +
Trussell J, Hatcher RA, Cates W, Stewart FH, Kost K.  Contraceptive failure in the United States: an update . Stud Fam Plann . 1990;;21:51-54.
22 +
Newcomer S, Baldwin W.  Demographics of adolescent sexual behavior, contraception, pregnancy and STDs . J Sch Health . 1992;;62:265-270.
23 +
Leigh BC, Morrison DM, Trocki K, Temple MT.  Sexual behavior of American adolescents: results from a US national survey . J Adolesc Health . 1994;;15: 117-125.
24 +
Apter D, Viinikka L, Vihko R.  Hormonal pattern of adolescent menstrual cycles . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1978;;47:944-954.
25 +
Stevens-Simon C, McAnarney ER.  Subfecundity: a prenatal risk factor in for adults but not for adolescents . J Adolesc Health Care . 1990;;11:432-436.
26 +
Rainey DY, Stevens-Simon, C, Kaplan DW.  Self-perception of infertility among female adolescents . AJDC . 1993;;147:1053-1056.
27 +
Zabin LS, Astone NM, Emerson MR.  Do adolescents want babies? the relationship between attitudes and behavior . J Res Adolesc . 1993;;3:67-86.
28 +
Matsuhashi Y, Felice ME, Shragg P, Hollingsworth DR.  Is repeat pregnancy in adolescents a 'planned' affair? J Adolesc Health Care . 1989;;10:409-412.
29 +
Furstenberg FF.  As the pendulum swings: teenage childbearing and social concern . Fam Relations . 1991;;40:127-138.
30 +
Zabin LS, Clark SD.  Why they delay: a study of teenage family planning clinic patients . Fam Plann Perspect . 1981;;13:205-217.
31 +
Stevens-Simon C, Reichert S.  Child sexual abuse and adolescent pregnancy . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med . 1994;;148:23-27.
32 +
Stevens-Simon C, Beach R, Eagar R.  Contraception after a negative pregnancy test during adolescence . Adolesc Pediatr Gynecol . 1993;;6:83-85.
33 +
Brooks-Gunn J, Chase-Lansdale PL.  Children having children: effects on the family system . Pediatr Ann . 1991;;20:467-481.
34 +
Zabin LS, Stark HA, Emerson MR.  Reasons for delay in contraceptive clinic utilization: adolescent clinic and non-clinic populations compared . J Adolesc Health . 1991;;12:225-232.
35 +
Levinson R.  Contraceptive self-efficacy: a perspective on teenage girls' contraceptive behavior . J Sex Res . 1986;;22:347-369.
36 +
Gabriel A, McAnarney ER.  Parenthood in two subcultures: white middle-class couples and black low-income adolescents in Rochester, New York . Adolescence . 1983;;18:595-608.
37 +
Jessor R.  Risk behavior in adolescence: a psychosocial framework for understanding and action . J Adolesc Health . 1991;;12:597-605.
38 +
DuRant R, Jay S.  The adolescent heterosexual relationship and its association with the sexual and contraceptive behavior of black females . AJDC . 1989;;143: 1467-1472.

Correspondence

Submit a Letter
CME Course for:


You need to register in order to view this quiz.


To understand the clinical management of acute heart failure syndromes.
Accreditation Information The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
To view and print your certificate and access a summary of your CME courses go to My CME.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
Submit a Comment

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.

© 2012 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
Powered bySilverchair Information Systems