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November 1994, Vol 148, No. 11 >
Article | November 1994

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Five-Component Acellular Pertussis Vaccine With Varying Antigen Quantities FREE

Scott A. Halperin, MD; Luis Barreto, MD; Brian J. Eastwood, PhD; Barbara Law, MD; E. Ann Roberts, MD
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148(11):1220-1224. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170110106025.
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Since its introduction 50 years ago, whole-cell pertussis vaccines have successfully controlled pertussis in North America. Although outbreaks continue to occur, the reported incidence of pertussis has fallen by over 90% in Canada and the United States.1,2 Despite this success, the frequency of adverse reactions has spurred efforts to develop a less reactogenic product.3 Acellular vaccines that contain purified antigens of Bordetella pertussis cause fewer adverse reactions and have been approved for use in the United States for booster doses.4 Most acellular pertussis vaccines contain pertussis toxoid (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA); other antigens considered for inclusion are fimbriae (agglutinogens 2 and 3) and a 69-kd membrane protein (pertactin). Acellular vaccines have been developed that include the 69-kd protein with PT and FHA,5 fimbriae with PT and FHA,6 and that contain PT, FHA, fimbriae, and the 69-kd protein in fixed quantities as a result of

REFERENCES

1 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 1991 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1991;;40:35-36, 57-63.
2 +
Varughese P.  Incidence of pertussis in Canada . Can Med Assoc J . 1985;;132: 1041-1042.
3 +
Cody CL, Baraff LJ, Cherry JD, Marcy SM, Manclark CR.  Nature and rates of adverse reactions associated with DTP and DT immunizations in infants and children . Pediatrics . 1981;;68:650-659.
4 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Pertussis vaccination: acellular pertussis vaccine for reinforcing and booster use supplementary ACIP statement: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1992;;41(No. (RR-1) ):1-10.
5 +
Podda A, Nencioni L, Marsili I, et al.  Phase I clinical trial of an acellular pertussis vaccine composed of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin combined with FHA and 69 kDa . Vaccine . 1991;;9:741-745.
6 +
Miller E, Ashworth LAE, Robinson A, Waight PA, Irons LI.  Phase II trial of whole-cell pertussis vaccine vs an acellular vaccine containing agglutinogens . Lancet . 1991;;337:70-73.
7 +
Blumberg DA, Mink CM, Cherry JD, et al.  Comparison of acellular and whole-cell pertussis component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in infants . J Pediatr . 1991;;119:194-204.
8 +
Halperin SA, Barreto L, Friesen B, Meekison W.  Immunogenicity of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine in infants and young children . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med . 1994;;148:495-502.
9 +
National Advisory Committee on Immunization.  Pertussis vaccine . In: Canadian Immunization Guide . 3rd ed. Ottawa, Ontario: Health and Welfare, Canada; 1989;:78-83.
10 +
Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics.  Acellular pertussis vaccines: recommendations for use as the fourth and fifth doses . Pediatrics . 1992;;90:121-123.
11 +
Sekura R, Zhang Y, Roberson R, et al.  Clinical, metabolic, and antibody responses of adult volunteers to an investigational vaccine composed of pertussis toxin inactivated by hydrogen peroxide . J Pediatr . 1988;;113:806-813.
12 +
Siber G, Thakrar N, Yancey B, et al.  Safety and immunogenicity of hydrogen peroxide-inactivated pertussis toxoid in 18-month-old children . Vaccine . 1991;; 9:735-740.
13 +
Baker JD, Halperin SA, Edwards K, Miller B, Decker M, Stephens D.  Antibody response to Bordetella pertussis antigens after immunization with American and Canadian whole-cell vaccines . J Pediatr . 1992;;121:523-527.
14 +
Blennow M, Granström M, Jäätmaa E, Olin P.  Primary immunization of infants with an acellular pertussis vaccine in a double-blind randomized clinical trial . Pediatrics . 1988;;82:293-299.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 1991 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1991;;40:35-36, 57-63.
2 +
Varughese P.  Incidence of pertussis in Canada . Can Med Assoc J . 1985;;132: 1041-1042.
3 +
Cody CL, Baraff LJ, Cherry JD, Marcy SM, Manclark CR.  Nature and rates of adverse reactions associated with DTP and DT immunizations in infants and children . Pediatrics . 1981;;68:650-659.
4 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Pertussis vaccination: acellular pertussis vaccine for reinforcing and booster use supplementary ACIP statement: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1992;;41(No. (RR-1) ):1-10.
5 +
Podda A, Nencioni L, Marsili I, et al.  Phase I clinical trial of an acellular pertussis vaccine composed of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin combined with FHA and 69 kDa . Vaccine . 1991;;9:741-745.
6 +
Miller E, Ashworth LAE, Robinson A, Waight PA, Irons LI.  Phase II trial of whole-cell pertussis vaccine vs an acellular vaccine containing agglutinogens . Lancet . 1991;;337:70-73.
7 +
Blumberg DA, Mink CM, Cherry JD, et al.  Comparison of acellular and whole-cell pertussis component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in infants . J Pediatr . 1991;;119:194-204.
8 +
Halperin SA, Barreto L, Friesen B, Meekison W.  Immunogenicity of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine in infants and young children . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med . 1994;;148:495-502.
9 +
National Advisory Committee on Immunization.  Pertussis vaccine . In: Canadian Immunization Guide . 3rd ed. Ottawa, Ontario: Health and Welfare, Canada; 1989;:78-83.
10 +
Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics.  Acellular pertussis vaccines: recommendations for use as the fourth and fifth doses . Pediatrics . 1992;;90:121-123.
11 +
Sekura R, Zhang Y, Roberson R, et al.  Clinical, metabolic, and antibody responses of adult volunteers to an investigational vaccine composed of pertussis toxin inactivated by hydrogen peroxide . J Pediatr . 1988;;113:806-813.
12 +
Siber G, Thakrar N, Yancey B, et al.  Safety and immunogenicity of hydrogen peroxide-inactivated pertussis toxoid in 18-month-old children . Vaccine . 1991;; 9:735-740.
13 +
Baker JD, Halperin SA, Edwards K, Miller B, Decker M, Stephens D.  Antibody response to Bordetella pertussis antigens after immunization with American and Canadian whole-cell vaccines . J Pediatr . 1992;;121:523-527.
14 +
Blennow M, Granström M, Jäätmaa E, Olin P.  Primary immunization of infants with an acellular pertussis vaccine in a double-blind randomized clinical trial . Pediatrics . 1988;;82:293-299.

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