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September 1994, Vol 148, No. 9 >
Article | September 1994

Immunization Status of Preschool Children in a Military Clinic FREE

Woodson S. Jones, MC, USAF; Brian H. Hall, MC, USAF; COL Smalley, MC, USAF; Robert L. Schelonka, MC, USAF; Clifford A. Butzin, PhD; David P. Ascher, MC, USAF
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148(9):986-989. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170090100018.
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Comments

The resurgence of measles in urban preschool children who were not properly immunized has directed national attention to the inadequacy of and barriers to early-age immunizations.1 For the general population, less than 60% of children are believed to have completed their primary vaccination series by their second birthday.2 This percentage is far short of the year 2000 objectives established by the Public Health Service to have at least 90% of children younger than 2 years complete the recommended primary immunization series.3 The purpose of our study was to determine the immunization completeness of children in a military clinic receiving free, comprehensive medical care. These data were compared with the estimated immunization rates from the general population.

This study was designed to obtain extensive demographic information and current, accurate immunization information by using direct parent interview and actual immunization records. The most recently published surveys4-9 obtain information

REFERENCES

1 +
National Vaccine Advisory Committee.  The measles epidemic: the problems, barriers, and recommendations . JAMA . 1991;;266:1547-1552.
2 +
National Vaccine Advisory Committee.  Standards for pediatric immunization practices . JAMA . 1993;;269:1817-1822.
3 +
Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives . Washington, DC: Public Health Service; 1991;. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication PHS 91-50213.
4 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Update: measles outbreaks—Chicago, 1989 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1990;;39:317-326.
5 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Measles vaccination levels among selected groups of preschool-aged children—United States . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1991;;40:36-39.
6 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Early childhood vaccination levels among urban children—Connecticut, 1990 and 1991 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1992;;40:888-891.
7 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Retrospective assessment of vaccination coverage among school-aged children—selected U.S. cities, 1991 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1992;;41:103-107.
8 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Early childhood vaccinations in two rural counties—Nebraska, 1991-1992 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1992;;41:688-691.
9 +
Schlenker TL, Bain C, Baughman AL, Hadler SC.  Measles herd immunity: the association of attack rates with immunization rates in preschool children . JAMA . 1992;;267:823-826.
10 +
Orenstein WA, Bemier RH.  Surveillance . Pediatr Clin North Am . 1990;;37: 709-734.
11 +
Markland RE, Durand DE.  An investigation of socio-psychological factors affecting infant immunization . Am J Public Health . 1976;;66:168-170.
12 +
Eddins DL, Sirotkin BI, Holmgreen P, Russell S. Assessment and validation of immunization status in the United States. 20th Immunization Conference Proceedings. 1985:51-61.
13 +
Marks JS, Halpin TJ, Irvin JJ, Johnson DA, Keller JR.  Risk factors associated with failure to receive vaccinations . Pediatrics . 1979;;64:304-309.
14 +
Hutchins SS, Escolan J, Markowitz LE, et al.  Measles outbreak among unvaccinated preschool-aged children: opportunities missed by health care providers to administer measles vaccine . Pediatrics . 1989;;83:369-374.
15 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Measles—Dade County, Florida . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1987;;36:45-48.
16 +
Miller CA, Finc A, Adam-Taylor S.  Inadequate immunization status . In: Monitoring Children's Health . Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1989;:60-69.
17 +
Orenstein WA, Atkinson W, Mason D, Bernier RH.  Barriers to vaccinating preschool children . J Health Care Poor Underserved . 1990;;1:315-330.
18 +
Immunization Practices Advisory Committee.  New recommended schedule for active immunization of normal infants and children . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1986;;35:577-578.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
National Vaccine Advisory Committee.  The measles epidemic: the problems, barriers, and recommendations . JAMA . 1991;;266:1547-1552.
2 +
National Vaccine Advisory Committee.  Standards for pediatric immunization practices . JAMA . 1993;;269:1817-1822.
3 +
Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives . Washington, DC: Public Health Service; 1991;. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication PHS 91-50213.
4 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Update: measles outbreaks—Chicago, 1989 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1990;;39:317-326.
5 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Measles vaccination levels among selected groups of preschool-aged children—United States . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1991;;40:36-39.
6 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Early childhood vaccination levels among urban children—Connecticut, 1990 and 1991 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1992;;40:888-891.
7 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Retrospective assessment of vaccination coverage among school-aged children—selected U.S. cities, 1991 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1992;;41:103-107.
8 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Early childhood vaccinations in two rural counties—Nebraska, 1991-1992 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1992;;41:688-691.
9 +
Schlenker TL, Bain C, Baughman AL, Hadler SC.  Measles herd immunity: the association of attack rates with immunization rates in preschool children . JAMA . 1992;;267:823-826.
10 +
Orenstein WA, Bemier RH.  Surveillance . Pediatr Clin North Am . 1990;;37: 709-734.
11 +
Markland RE, Durand DE.  An investigation of socio-psychological factors affecting infant immunization . Am J Public Health . 1976;;66:168-170.
12 +
Eddins DL, Sirotkin BI, Holmgreen P, Russell S. Assessment and validation of immunization status in the United States. 20th Immunization Conference Proceedings. 1985:51-61.
13 +
Marks JS, Halpin TJ, Irvin JJ, Johnson DA, Keller JR.  Risk factors associated with failure to receive vaccinations . Pediatrics . 1979;;64:304-309.
14 +
Hutchins SS, Escolan J, Markowitz LE, et al.  Measles outbreak among unvaccinated preschool-aged children: opportunities missed by health care providers to administer measles vaccine . Pediatrics . 1989;;83:369-374.
15 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Measles—Dade County, Florida . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1987;;36:45-48.
16 +
Miller CA, Finc A, Adam-Taylor S.  Inadequate immunization status . In: Monitoring Children's Health . Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1989;:60-69.
17 +
Orenstein WA, Atkinson W, Mason D, Bernier RH.  Barriers to vaccinating preschool children . J Health Care Poor Underserved . 1990;;1:315-330.
18 +
Immunization Practices Advisory Committee.  New recommended schedule for active immunization of normal infants and children . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1986;;35:577-578.

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