Objective:
To determine the possible association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and reactive airway disease in children.
Design:
Prospective observational study.
Setting:
Pediatric emergency department in Children's Medical Center of Brooklyn (NY), Kings County Hospital Center.
Participants:
One hundred eighteen children with acute episodes of wheezing and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, aged 5 to 16 years.
Interventions:
Children with cultures positive for C pneumoniae were treated with antibiotics.
Measurements/Main Results:
Cultures for C pneumoniae and serum samples for antibody testing were obtained from subjects and healthy controls. We isolated C pneumoniae from 13 (11%) children with wheezing and from two (4.9%) controls. Seven (58.3%) of 12 children with positive cultures had no detectable antibody to C pneumoniae and only three (25%) children had serologic evidence of acute infection. Six children had positive cultures on multiple occasions, ranging from 1 to 5 months. The children with wheezing were treated with erythromycin or clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic approved for use in adults; all eventually had a negative culture. Nine (75%) of these children demonstrated clinical and laboratory improvement of the reactive airway disease after the eradication of chlamydial infection.
Conclusions:
Infection with C pneumoniae can trigger acute episodes of wheezing in children with asthma. Treatment of C pneumoniae infection may improve the course of reactive airway disease in these patients.(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:727-732)