0
March 1992, Vol 146, No. 3 >
Article | March 1992

Body Weight Progression and Nutritional Status of Patients With Familial Short Stature With and Without Constitutional Delay in Growth FREE

Cecilia Vaquero Solans, MD; Fima Lifshitz, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication October 7, 1991.

Reprint requests to Director of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11219.


Am J Dis Child. 1992;146(3):296-302. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160150036016.
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Article
References
Comments

• To determine whether suboptimal nutrition affected growth deceleration in patients with constitutional delay of growth (CDG), retrospective weight and growth data and a cross-sectional nutritional assessment was performed. Patients studied included 52 CDG children with delayed bone age and 15 children with familial short stature without bone age delay. Body weight and length-height progression were evaluated from birth to 12 years using z scores. Clinical anthropometry, biochemical, and dietary evaluation were performed at the initial evaluation. Significant differences were noted between patients with CDG and familial short stature in their W/L ratio and W/H ratio profiles from 4 months to 12 years. Mean creatinine-height index, retinol binding protein, serum iron, and transferrin saturation values were lower among young CDG patients. These data suggest that suboptimal nutrition early in infancy may contribute to the course of CDG.

(AJDC. 1992;146:296-302)

REFERENCES

1 +
Horner JM, Thorsson AV, Hintz RL.  Growth deceleration patterns in children with constitutional short stature: an aid to diagnosis . Pediatrics . 1978;;62:529-534.
2 +
Richman RA, Kersia LR.  Testosterone treatment in adolescent boys with constitutional delay in growth and development . N Engl J Med . 1988;;319:1563-1567.
3 +
Lifshitz F, Cervantes C.  Short stature . In: Lifshitz F, ed. Pediatric Endocrinology . 2nd ed. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1990;:3-36.
4 +
Bierich JR, Enders H, Heinrich U, Huenges R, Ranke MD, Schoenberg D.  Stunted growth with more or less normal appearance . Eur J Pediatr . 1982;;139:214-238.
5 +
Mahoney PC.  Evaluating the child with short stature . Pediatr Clin North Am . 1987;;34:825-849.
6 +
Rimoin DL, Borochowitz Z, Horton WA.  Short stature, physiology and pathology . West J Med . 1986;;144:710-721.
7 +
Vimpani GV, Vimpani AF, Pocock SJ, et al.  Differences in physical characteristics, perinatal histories and social backgrounds between children with growth hormone deficiency and constitutional short stature . Arch Dis Child . 1981;;56:922-928.
8 +
Lacey KA, Parkin JM.  The normal short child: community study of children in Newcastle upon Tyne . Arch Dis Child . 1974;;49:417-424.
9 +
Karp M, Laron Z, Doron M.  Insulin secretion in children with constitutional familial short stature . J Pediatr . 1973;;83:241-246.
10 +
Karp M, Laron Z, Doron M.  Insulin response to intravenous glucagon in children with familial constitutional short stature . Arch Dis Child . 1975;;50:805-808.
11 +
Lanes R, Bohorquez L, Leal G, et al.  Growth hormone secretion in patients with constitutional delay of growth and pubertal development . J Pediatr . 1986;;109:781-783.
12 +
Shulman D, Bercu BB.  Evaluation of growth hormone secretion: provocative testing vs endogenous 24-hour growth hormone profile . Acta Paediatr Scand . 1987;;337( (suppl) ):61-71.
13 +
Pugliese MT, Lifshitz F, Fort P, Cervantes C, Recker B, Ginsberg L.  Pituitary function assessment in short stature by a combined hormonal-stimulation test . AJDC . 1987;;141:556-561.
14 +
Washington, DC:  National Center for Health Statistics ; 1977;. Vital Health Statistics . Series 11, No. (165) .
15 +
Tanner JM, Davies PSW.  Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children . J Pediatr . 1985;;107:317-329.
16 +
Greulich WW, Pyle SI.  The rationale and technique for assessing the developmental status of children from roentgenograms of the hand and wrist . In: Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist . 2nd ed. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1959;.
17 +
Krick J.  Using the Z score as a descriptor of discrete changes in growth . Nutr Supp Serv . 1986;;6:14-21.
18 +
Frisancho AR.  New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status . Am J Clin Nutr . 1981;;34:2540-2545.
19 +
Houtkooper LB, Lohman TG, Going SB, Hall MC.  Validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition assessment in children . J Appl Physiol . 1989;;66:814-821.
20 +
Viteri FE, Alvarado J.  The creatinine height index: its use in the estimation of the degree of protein depletion and repletion in protein calorie malnourished children . Pediatrics . 1970;;96:696-706.
21 +
Blackburn GL, Bistrian BR, Maini BS, Scholamm HT, Smith MF.  Nutritional and metabolic assessment of the hospitalized patient . JPEN . 1977;;1:11-21.
22 +
Committee on Dietary Allowances, Food & Nutrition Board, National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances . 10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1989;.
23 +
Bruning JL, Kintz BL. Computational Handbook of Statistics . 3rd ed. Glenview, Ill: Scott, Foresman and Co; 1987;:331-361.
24 +
Rosenfeld RG.  Constitutional delay in growth and development . Semin Adoles Med . 1987;;3:267-273.
25 +
Whitehead RG, Paul AA, Ahmed EA.  Weaning practices in the United Kingdom and variations in anthropometric development . Acta Paediatr Scand . 1986;;323( (suppl) ):14-23.
26 +
Butte NF, Garza C, Smith ED, Nichols BL.  Human milk intake and growth in exclusively breast fed infants . J Pediatr . 1984;;104:187-195.
27 +
Oski FA, Stockman JA.  Anemia due to inadequate iron sources or poor iron utilization . Pediatr Clin North Am . 1980;;27:237-245.
28 +
Wapnir R. Protein Nutrition and Mineral Absorption . Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc; 1990;:99-117.
29 +
Dallman PR, Siimes MA, Stekel A.  Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood . Am J Clin Nutr . 1980;;33:86-118.
30 +
Kulin HE, Bwibo N, Mutie D, et al.  The effect of chronic childhood malnutrition on pubertal growth and development . Am J Clin Nutr . 1982;;36:527-536.
31 +
Dreizen S, Spirakis ChN, Stone RE.  A comparison of skeletal growth and maturation in undernourished and well nourished girls before and after menarche . J Pediatr . 1967;;70:256-263.
32 +
Stephen JL.  Growth as a measure of nutritional status . J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr . 1985;;4:169-181.
33 +
Satyanarayana K, Naidu AN, Swaninathan MB, Narasinga Rao BS.  Effect of nutritional deprivation on early childhood on later growth: a community study without intervention . Am J Clin Nutr . 1981;;34:1636-1637.
34 +
van Staveren WA, Dagnelie PC.  Food consumption, growth and development of Dutch children fed on alternative diets . Am J Clin Nutr . 1988;;48:819-821.
35 +
Sanders TAB.  Growth and development of British vegan children . Am J Clin Nutr . 1988;;48:822-825.
36 +
Dwyer JT, Andrew EM, Berkey C, et al.  Growth in 'new' vegetarian preschool children using the Jenss-Bayley curve fitting technique . Am J Clin Nutr . 1983;;37:815-827.
37 +
Jacobs C, Dwyer JT.  Vegetarian children: appropriate and inappropriate diets . Am J Clin Nutr . 1988;;48( (suppl 3) ):811-818.
38 +
Hanning RM, Zlotikin SH.  Unconventional eating practices and their health implications . Pediatr Clin North Am . 1985;;32:429-445.
39 +
Castell S, Finberg L. Metabolic Bone Disease in Children . New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1990;:83.
40 +
Donnadieu M, Schimpff RM, Gamier P, Chaussian JL, Job JC.  A possible relationship between serum transferrin, growth hormone secretion and height velocity in children . Acta Endocrinol . 1980;;93:134-138.
41 +
Walravens PA, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM.  Linear growth of low income preschool children receiving a zinc supplement . Am J Clin Nutr . 1983;;38:195-201.
42 +
Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Walraven PA.  Increased food intake of young children receiving a zinc supplement . AJDC . 1983;;138:270-273.
43 +
Lifshitz F.  Nutrition and growth . Clin Nutr . 1985;;4:40-46.
44 +
Pugliese MT, Weyman-Daum M, Moses NS, Lifshitz F.  Parental health beliefs as a cause of non-organic failure to thrive . Pediatrics . 1987;;8:179-182.
45 +
Pugliese MT, Lifshitz F, Marks-Katz M.  Fear of obesity: a cause of short stature and delayed puberty . N Engl J Med . 1983;;309:513-518.
46 +
Lifshitz F, Moses NS.  Growth failure: a complication of dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia . AJDC . 1989;;143:537-542.
47 +
Lifshitz F, Moses N.  Nutritional dwarfing: growth, dieting and fear of obesity . J Am Coll Nutr . 1988;;7:367-376.
48 +
Lifshitz F, Moses N, Cervantes C, Ginsberg L.  Nutritional dwarfing in adolescents . Semin Adolesc Med . 1987;;3:255-266.
49 +
Nuckens PR.  Stature reduction as an adaptive response to food production in Mesoamerica . J Archeol Sci . 1976;;73:1019-1030.
50 +
Gopalan C.  Small is healthy? for the poor, not for the rich . In: Nutrition Foundation of India Bulletin . October 1983;.
51 +
Latham MC.  Smallness: a symptom of deprivation . In: Nutrition Foundation of India Bulletin . (July) 1984;.
52 +
Smith DW, Truog W, Rogers JE, et al.  Shifting linear growth during infancy: illustration of genetic factors in growth from fetal life through infancy . J Pediatr . 1976;;89:225-230.
53 +
Scrimshaw NS, Young VR.  Adaptation to low protein and energy intakes . Hum Organization . 1989;;48:20-30.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Horner JM, Thorsson AV, Hintz RL.  Growth deceleration patterns in children with constitutional short stature: an aid to diagnosis . Pediatrics . 1978;;62:529-534.
2 +
Richman RA, Kersia LR.  Testosterone treatment in adolescent boys with constitutional delay in growth and development . N Engl J Med . 1988;;319:1563-1567.
3 +
Lifshitz F, Cervantes C.  Short stature . In: Lifshitz F, ed. Pediatric Endocrinology . 2nd ed. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1990;:3-36.
4 +
Bierich JR, Enders H, Heinrich U, Huenges R, Ranke MD, Schoenberg D.  Stunted growth with more or less normal appearance . Eur J Pediatr . 1982;;139:214-238.
5 +
Mahoney PC.  Evaluating the child with short stature . Pediatr Clin North Am . 1987;;34:825-849.
6 +
Rimoin DL, Borochowitz Z, Horton WA.  Short stature, physiology and pathology . West J Med . 1986;;144:710-721.
7 +
Vimpani GV, Vimpani AF, Pocock SJ, et al.  Differences in physical characteristics, perinatal histories and social backgrounds between children with growth hormone deficiency and constitutional short stature . Arch Dis Child . 1981;;56:922-928.
8 +
Lacey KA, Parkin JM.  The normal short child: community study of children in Newcastle upon Tyne . Arch Dis Child . 1974;;49:417-424.
9 +
Karp M, Laron Z, Doron M.  Insulin secretion in children with constitutional familial short stature . J Pediatr . 1973;;83:241-246.
10 +
Karp M, Laron Z, Doron M.  Insulin response to intravenous glucagon in children with familial constitutional short stature . Arch Dis Child . 1975;;50:805-808.
11 +
Lanes R, Bohorquez L, Leal G, et al.  Growth hormone secretion in patients with constitutional delay of growth and pubertal development . J Pediatr . 1986;;109:781-783.
12 +
Shulman D, Bercu BB.  Evaluation of growth hormone secretion: provocative testing vs endogenous 24-hour growth hormone profile . Acta Paediatr Scand . 1987;;337( (suppl) ):61-71.
13 +
Pugliese MT, Lifshitz F, Fort P, Cervantes C, Recker B, Ginsberg L.  Pituitary function assessment in short stature by a combined hormonal-stimulation test . AJDC . 1987;;141:556-561.
14 +
Washington, DC:  National Center for Health Statistics ; 1977;. Vital Health Statistics . Series 11, No. (165) .
15 +
Tanner JM, Davies PSW.  Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children . J Pediatr . 1985;;107:317-329.
16 +
Greulich WW, Pyle SI.  The rationale and technique for assessing the developmental status of children from roentgenograms of the hand and wrist . In: Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist . 2nd ed. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1959;.
17 +
Krick J.  Using the Z score as a descriptor of discrete changes in growth . Nutr Supp Serv . 1986;;6:14-21.
18 +
Frisancho AR.  New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status . Am J Clin Nutr . 1981;;34:2540-2545.
19 +
Houtkooper LB, Lohman TG, Going SB, Hall MC.  Validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition assessment in children . J Appl Physiol . 1989;;66:814-821.
20 +
Viteri FE, Alvarado J.  The creatinine height index: its use in the estimation of the degree of protein depletion and repletion in protein calorie malnourished children . Pediatrics . 1970;;96:696-706.
21 +
Blackburn GL, Bistrian BR, Maini BS, Scholamm HT, Smith MF.  Nutritional and metabolic assessment of the hospitalized patient . JPEN . 1977;;1:11-21.
22 +
Committee on Dietary Allowances, Food & Nutrition Board, National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances . 10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1989;.
23 +
Bruning JL, Kintz BL. Computational Handbook of Statistics . 3rd ed. Glenview, Ill: Scott, Foresman and Co; 1987;:331-361.
24 +
Rosenfeld RG.  Constitutional delay in growth and development . Semin Adoles Med . 1987;;3:267-273.
25 +
Whitehead RG, Paul AA, Ahmed EA.  Weaning practices in the United Kingdom and variations in anthropometric development . Acta Paediatr Scand . 1986;;323( (suppl) ):14-23.
26 +
Butte NF, Garza C, Smith ED, Nichols BL.  Human milk intake and growth in exclusively breast fed infants . J Pediatr . 1984;;104:187-195.
27 +
Oski FA, Stockman JA.  Anemia due to inadequate iron sources or poor iron utilization . Pediatr Clin North Am . 1980;;27:237-245.
28 +
Wapnir R. Protein Nutrition and Mineral Absorption . Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc; 1990;:99-117.
29 +
Dallman PR, Siimes MA, Stekel A.  Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood . Am J Clin Nutr . 1980;;33:86-118.
30 +
Kulin HE, Bwibo N, Mutie D, et al.  The effect of chronic childhood malnutrition on pubertal growth and development . Am J Clin Nutr . 1982;;36:527-536.
31 +
Dreizen S, Spirakis ChN, Stone RE.  A comparison of skeletal growth and maturation in undernourished and well nourished girls before and after menarche . J Pediatr . 1967;;70:256-263.
32 +
Stephen JL.  Growth as a measure of nutritional status . J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr . 1985;;4:169-181.
33 +
Satyanarayana K, Naidu AN, Swaninathan MB, Narasinga Rao BS.  Effect of nutritional deprivation on early childhood on later growth: a community study without intervention . Am J Clin Nutr . 1981;;34:1636-1637.
34 +
van Staveren WA, Dagnelie PC.  Food consumption, growth and development of Dutch children fed on alternative diets . Am J Clin Nutr . 1988;;48:819-821.
35 +
Sanders TAB.  Growth and development of British vegan children . Am J Clin Nutr . 1988;;48:822-825.
36 +
Dwyer JT, Andrew EM, Berkey C, et al.  Growth in 'new' vegetarian preschool children using the Jenss-Bayley curve fitting technique . Am J Clin Nutr . 1983;;37:815-827.
37 +
Jacobs C, Dwyer JT.  Vegetarian children: appropriate and inappropriate diets . Am J Clin Nutr . 1988;;48( (suppl 3) ):811-818.
38 +
Hanning RM, Zlotikin SH.  Unconventional eating practices and their health implications . Pediatr Clin North Am . 1985;;32:429-445.
39 +
Castell S, Finberg L. Metabolic Bone Disease in Children . New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1990;:83.
40 +
Donnadieu M, Schimpff RM, Gamier P, Chaussian JL, Job JC.  A possible relationship between serum transferrin, growth hormone secretion and height velocity in children . Acta Endocrinol . 1980;;93:134-138.
41 +
Walravens PA, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM.  Linear growth of low income preschool children receiving a zinc supplement . Am J Clin Nutr . 1983;;38:195-201.
42 +
Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Walraven PA.  Increased food intake of young children receiving a zinc supplement . AJDC . 1983;;138:270-273.
43 +
Lifshitz F.  Nutrition and growth . Clin Nutr . 1985;;4:40-46.
44 +
Pugliese MT, Weyman-Daum M, Moses NS, Lifshitz F.  Parental health beliefs as a cause of non-organic failure to thrive . Pediatrics . 1987;;8:179-182.
45 +
Pugliese MT, Lifshitz F, Marks-Katz M.  Fear of obesity: a cause of short stature and delayed puberty . N Engl J Med . 1983;;309:513-518.
46 +
Lifshitz F, Moses NS.  Growth failure: a complication of dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia . AJDC . 1989;;143:537-542.
47 +
Lifshitz F, Moses N.  Nutritional dwarfing: growth, dieting and fear of obesity . J Am Coll Nutr . 1988;;7:367-376.
48 +
Lifshitz F, Moses N, Cervantes C, Ginsberg L.  Nutritional dwarfing in adolescents . Semin Adolesc Med . 1987;;3:255-266.
49 +
Nuckens PR.  Stature reduction as an adaptive response to food production in Mesoamerica . J Archeol Sci . 1976;;73:1019-1030.
50 +
Gopalan C.  Small is healthy? for the poor, not for the rich . In: Nutrition Foundation of India Bulletin . October 1983;.
51 +
Latham MC.  Smallness: a symptom of deprivation . In: Nutrition Foundation of India Bulletin . (July) 1984;.
52 +
Smith DW, Truog W, Rogers JE, et al.  Shifting linear growth during infancy: illustration of genetic factors in growth from fetal life through infancy . J Pediatr . 1976;;89:225-230.
53 +
Scrimshaw NS, Young VR.  Adaptation to low protein and energy intakes . Hum Organization . 1989;;48:20-30.

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