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January 1992, Vol 146, No. 1 >
Article | January 1992

Indications of Early Obesity in Low-Income Hmong Children FREE

John H. Himes, PhD, MPH; Mary Story, PhD; Kathleen Czaplinski, MS, RD; Elizabeth Dahlberg-Luby, MS
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication September 16, 1991.

Reprints are not available.


Am J Dis Child. 1992;146(1):67-69. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160130069023.
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• Objective.  —To determine if there is evidence of obesity in low-income Hmong children.

Design.  —Cross-sectional survey.

Setting.  —Women, Infants, and Children clinics in Minneapolis, Minn.

Participants.  —271 US-born Hmong children, ages 1.00 through 4.99 years.

Selection Procedures.  —Consecutive sample of all Hmong children seen in two clinics between September and December 1989.

Interventions.  —None.

Measurements/Main Results.  —Heights and weights were measured and converted to National Center for Health Statistics z scores of weight for age, height for age, and weight for height. Relative to National Center for Health Statistics reference data, mean height-for-age z scores decline progressively after age 2 years to − 1.2 z at age 4.5 years. Mean weight-for-height z scores exceeded the National Center for Health Statistics reference significantly at ages 3 and 4 years, and there was more than a fourfold excess of Hmong children beyond the 95th percentile in weight for height at these ages.

Conclusions.  —There is evidence of early obesity in Hmong children, an ethnic group heretofore considered to be a low risk for obesity.(AJDC. 1992;146:67-69)

REFERENCES

1 +
Dewey KG, Daniels J, Teo KS, Hassel E, Otow J.  Height and weight of Southeast Asian preschool children in northern California . Am J Public Health . 1986;;76:806-808.
2 +
Baldwin LM, Sutherland S.  Growth patterns of first-generation Southeast Asian infants . AJDC . 1988;;142:526-531.
3 +
Peck RE, Chuang M, Robbins GE, Nichaman MZ.  Nutritional status of Southeast Asian refugee children . Am J Public Health . 1981;;7:1144-1148.
4 +
Olness K, Yip R, Indritz A, Torjesen E.  Height and weight status of Indochinese refugee children . AJDC . 1984;;138:544-547.
5 +
Yip R, Wong F, Trowbridge F. Interpreting the growth status of Asian children. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association; 1990; New York, NY.
6 +
Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Year 2000 Objectives for the Nation . Washington, DC: Public Health Service, US Dept of Health and Human Services; (September) 1989;:1-6.
7 +
US Committee for Refugees. Refugee Reports . Washington, DC: American Council for Nationalities Service; 1990;;11. No. (9) .
8 +
Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, eds. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual . Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Books; 1988;.
9 +
Hamill PW, Drizd TA, Johnson CL, Reed RB, Roche AF.  Physical growth: National Center for Health Statistics percentiles . Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;;32:607-629.
10 +
Dibley MJ, Staehling N, Nieburg P, Trowbridge FL.  Interpretation of Z-score anthropometric indicators derived from the international growth reference . Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;;46:749-762.
11 +
Forbes GB. Human Body Composition . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc; 1987;.
12 +
Eveleth PB, Tanner JM. Worldwide Variation in Human Growth . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1976;.
13 +
Story M, Harris LJ.  Food habits and dietary change in Southeast Asian refugee families living in the US . J Am Diet Assoc. 1989;;89:800-803.
14 +
Story M, Harris LJ.  Food preferences, beliefs, and food practices of Southeast Asian refugee adolescents . J Sch Health . 1988;;58:418-421.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Dewey KG, Daniels J, Teo KS, Hassel E, Otow J.  Height and weight of Southeast Asian preschool children in northern California . Am J Public Health . 1986;;76:806-808.
2 +
Baldwin LM, Sutherland S.  Growth patterns of first-generation Southeast Asian infants . AJDC . 1988;;142:526-531.
3 +
Peck RE, Chuang M, Robbins GE, Nichaman MZ.  Nutritional status of Southeast Asian refugee children . Am J Public Health . 1981;;7:1144-1148.
4 +
Olness K, Yip R, Indritz A, Torjesen E.  Height and weight status of Indochinese refugee children . AJDC . 1984;;138:544-547.
5 +
Yip R, Wong F, Trowbridge F. Interpreting the growth status of Asian children. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association; 1990; New York, NY.
6 +
Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Year 2000 Objectives for the Nation . Washington, DC: Public Health Service, US Dept of Health and Human Services; (September) 1989;:1-6.
7 +
US Committee for Refugees. Refugee Reports . Washington, DC: American Council for Nationalities Service; 1990;;11. No. (9) .
8 +
Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, eds. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual . Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Books; 1988;.
9 +
Hamill PW, Drizd TA, Johnson CL, Reed RB, Roche AF.  Physical growth: National Center for Health Statistics percentiles . Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;;32:607-629.
10 +
Dibley MJ, Staehling N, Nieburg P, Trowbridge FL.  Interpretation of Z-score anthropometric indicators derived from the international growth reference . Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;;46:749-762.
11 +
Forbes GB. Human Body Composition . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc; 1987;.
12 +
Eveleth PB, Tanner JM. Worldwide Variation in Human Growth . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1976;.
13 +
Story M, Harris LJ.  Food habits and dietary change in Southeast Asian refugee families living in the US . J Am Diet Assoc. 1989;;89:800-803.
14 +
Story M, Harris LJ.  Food preferences, beliefs, and food practices of Southeast Asian refugee adolescents . J Sch Health . 1988;;58:418-421.

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