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July 1990, Vol 144, No. 7 >
Article | July 1990

Condylomata Acuminata in the Pediatric Population FREE

Alan S. Boyd, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication October 20, 1989.

Reprint requests to Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79430 (Dr Boyd).


Am J Dis Child. 1990;144(7):817-824. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150310085033.
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References
Comments

• The incidence of condylomata acuminata infection has shown a steady increase for adults and children in recent years. With the discovery that the viral agents of this disease are potentially neoplastic, a disorder that was once considered a nuisance is now taking on new-found importance and concern. Furthermore, the knowledge that these lesions are often sexually transmitted and the ever-increasing concern over child abuse have combined to make the recognition and treatment of this disease in the pediatric population of even greater significance. Depending on location, podophyllum resin (podophyllin) is the initial therapy of choice. Available studies indicate a cure rate ranging from 22% to 98% depending on location of the warts, frequency of treatment, patient compliance, and freshness of the podophyllum resin preparation. Cure rates of 91% to 97% have been reported with cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation. Eradication of the viral agent and long-term follow-up are Important.

(AJDC. 1990;144:817-824)

REFERENCES

1 +
Lynch PJ.  Condylomata acuminata (anogenital warts) . Clin Obstet Gynecol . 1985;;28:142-151.
2 +
Rock B, Naghashfar Z, Barnett N, Buscema J, Woodruff JD, Shah K.  Genital tract papillomavirus infection in children . Arch Dermatol . 1986;;122:1129-1132.
3 +
Oriel JD.  Genital warts . Sex Transm Dis . 1977;;4:153-159.
4 +
Stumpf PG.  Increasing occurrence of condylomata acuminata in premenarchal children . Obstet Gynecol . 1980;;56:262-264.
5 +
Mininberg DT, Rudick DH.  Urethral condyloma accuminata in male children . Pediatrics . 1976;;57:571-573.
6 +
Grace DA, Ochsner JA, McLain CR, Smith JP.  Vulvar condylomata acuminata in prepubertal females . JAMA . 1967;;201:151-152.
7 +
Patel R, Groff DB.  Condyloma acuminata in childhood . Pediatrics . 1972;;50:153-154.
8 +
Boutselis JG.  Intraepithelial carcinoma of the vulva . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1972;;113:733-738.
9 +
Redman JF, Meacham KR.  Condyloma acuminata of the urethral meatus in children . J Pediatr Surg . 1973;;8:939-941.
10 +
Copulsky J, Whitehead ED, Orkin LA.  Condyloma acuminata in a three-year-old boy . Urology . 1975;;5:372-373.
11 +
Goldman L, Feldman M, Levitt S.  Condyloma acuminata in infants and children . Arch Dermatol . 1976;;112;1329.
12 +
Eftaiha MS, Amshel AL, Shonberg IL.  Condylomata acuminata in an infant and mother: report of a case . Dis Colon Rectum . 1978;;21:369-371.
13 +
Tang CK, Shermeta DW, Wood C.  Congenital condylomata acuminata . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1978;;131:912-913.
14 +
Seidel J, Zonana J, Totten E.  Condylomata acuminata as a sign of sexual abuse in children . J Pediatr . 1979;;95:553-554.
15 +
De Jong AR, Weiss JC, Brent RL.  Condyloma acuminata in children . AJDC . 1982;;136:704-706.
16 +
McCoy CR, Applebaum H, Besser AS.  Condyloma acuminata: an unusual presentation of child abuse . J Pediatr Surg . 1982;;17:505-507.
17 +
Zamora S, Baumgartner G, Shaw M, Ordonez C, Guinan P.  Condyloma acuminatum in a 2½-year-old girl . J Urol . 1983;;129:145-146.
18 +
Herskowitz LI.  Condylomata acuminatum in the prepubescent child: report of a case . J Am Osteopath Assoc . 1983;;82:429-431.
19 +
Baruah MC, Sardari L, Selvaraju M, Veliath AJ.  Perianal condylomata acuminata in a male child . Br J Vener Dis . 1984;;60:60-61.
20 +
Sait MA, Garg BR.  Condylomata acuminata in children: report of four cases . Genitourin Med . 1985;;61:338-342.
21 +
Randrup ER, Sangisetty KV.  Condyloma acuminatum in children . Urology . 1985;;26:176-177.
22 +
Stringel G, Corsini L.  Condyloma acuminata in children . J Pediatr Surg . 1985;;20:499-501.
23 +
Sadan O, Koller AB, Adno A, Peale PG.  Massive vulval condylomata acuminata in a 10-month-old child with suspected sexual abuse: case report . Br J Obstet Gynaecol . 1985;;92:1201-1203.
24 +
Trofatter KF, English PC, Hughes CE, Gall SA.  Human lympoblastoid interferon (Welferon) in primary therapy of two children with condylomata acuminata . Obstet Gynecol . 1986;;67:137-140.
25 +
Weiss JP, November S, Curtin CT.  Recurrent penile condylomata acuminata in a 17-month-old boy . J Urol . 1986;;136:468-469.
26 +
Vallejos H, Del Mistro A, Kleinhaus S, Braunstein JD, Halwer M, Koss LG.  Characterization of human papilloma virus types in condylomata acuminata in children by in situ hybridization . Lab Invest . 1987;;56:611-615.
27 +
Fleming KA, Venning V, Evans M.  DNA typing of genital warts and diagnosis of sexual abuse of children . Lancet . 1987;;2:454.
28 +
Singh KG, Bajaj AK, Sharma R.  Perianal condyloma acuminatum in an infant . Int J Dermatol . 1988;;27:181-182.
29 +
Forman AB, Prendiville JS.  Association of human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and extensive perineal condylomata acuminata in a child . Arch Dermatol . 1988;;124:1010-1011.
30 +
Laraque D.  Severe anogenital warts in a child with HIV infection . N Engl J Med . 1989;;320:1220-1221.
31 +
Bender ME.  New concepts of condyloma acuminata in children . Arch Dermatol . 1986;; 122:1121-1124.
32 +
Swerdlow DB, Salvati EP.  Condyloma acuminatum . Dis Colon Rectum . 1971;;14:226-231.
33 +
Oriel JD.  Natural history of genital warts . Br J Vener Dis . 1971;;47:1-13.
34 +
Simmons PD.  Genital warts . Int J Dermatol . 1983;;22:410-414.
35 +
Oriel JD.  Genital warts . Sex Transm Dis . 1981;;8:326-329.
36 +
American Academy of Dermatology Task Force on Pediatric Dermatology.  Genital warts and sexual abuse in children . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1984;;11:529-530.
37 +
Matis WL, Triana A, Shapiro R, Eldred L, Polk BF, Hood AF.  Dermatologic findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1987;;17:746-751.
38 +
Silva PD, Micha JP, Silva DG.  Management of condyloma acuminatum . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1985;;13:457-463.
39 +
Nagington J, Rook A, Highet AS.  Virus and related infections . In Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, Champion RH, Burton JL, eds. Textbook of Dermatology . 4th ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc; 1986;:657-723.
40 +
Lowy DR, Androphy EJ.  Warts . In Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg lM, Austen KF, eds. Dermatology in General Medicine . 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill International Book Co; 1987;:2355-2364.
41 +
Berman A, Berman JE.  New concepts in viral wart infection . Compr Ther . 1988;;14:19-24.
42 +
Barnes W, Delgado G, Kurman RJ, et al.  Possible prognostic significance of human papillomavirus type in cervical cancer . Gynecol Oncol . 1988;;29:267-273.
43 +
Matsukura T, Koi S, Sugase M.  Both episomal and integrated forms of human papillomavirus type 16 are involved in invasive cervical cancers . Virology . 1989;;172:63-72.
44 +
Howley PM, Schlegel R.  The human papillomaviruses: an overview . Am J Med . 1988;;85:155-158.
45 +
Armstrong B, Jensen OM, Munoz N, et al.  Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer . Lancet . 1988;;1:756-758.
46 +
Reid R, Stanhope CR, Herschman BR, Booth E, Phibbs GD, Smith JP.  Genital warts and cervical cancer, I: evidence of an association between subclinical papillomavirus infection and cervical malignancy . Cancer . 1982;;50:377-387.
47 +
Grunebaum AN, Sedlis A, Sillman F, Fruchter R, Stanek A, Boyce J.  Association of human papillomavirus infection with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia . Obstet Gynecol . 1983;;62: 448-455.
48 +
Charlewood GP, Shippel S.  Vulval condyloma accuminata as a premalignant lesion in the Bantu . S Afr Med J . 1953;:27:149-151.
49 +
Gissman L, Wolnik L, Ikenberg H, Koldovsky U, Schnürch HG, Zur Hausen H.  Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 DNA sequences in genital and laryngeal papillomas and in some cervical cancers . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 1983;;80:560-563.
50 +
Reichman RC, Strike DG.  Pathogenesis and treatment of human genital papillomavirus infections: a review . Antiviral Res . 1989;;11:109-118.
51 +
Zur Hausen H.  Papillomaviruses in human cancers . Mol Carcinog . 1988;;1:147-159.
52 +
Campo MS.  Viral and cellular oncogenes in papillomavirus-associated cancers . Br J Cancer Suppl . 1988;;9:80-84.
53 +
Zur Hausen H.  Papillomaviruses in anogenital cancer as a model to understand the role of viruses in human cancers . Cancer Res . 1989;;49: 4677-4681.
54 +
Breneman DL, Lucky AW, Ostrow RS, Faras AJ, Volger C, Jenski LJ.  Bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia associated with human papillomavirus DNA type 16 in an infant with atopic dermatitis . Pediatr Dermatol . 1985;;2:297-301.
55 +
Tidy JA, Vousden KH, Farrell PJ.  Relation between infection with a subtype of HPV 16 and cervical neoplasia . Lancet . 1989;;2:1225-1227.
56 +
Herman-Giddens M.  Condylomata acuminata in children and sexual abuse . Genitourin Med . 1985;;61:68.
57 +
Schachner L, Hankin DE.  Assessing child abuse in childhood condyloma acuminatum . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1985;;12:157-160.
58 +
Goldenring JM.  Condylomata acuminata in the evaluation of child sexual abuse . Arch Dermatol . 1987;;123:1265-1266.
59 +
Verdich JU.  Veneral diseases in children and sexual abuse . Ugeskr Laeger . 1989;;151:555-557.
60 +
Centers for Disease Control.  1989 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines . MMWR 1989;;38:41-42.
61 +
Powell LC.  Condyloma acuminatum: recent advances in development, carcinogenesis, and treatment . Clin Obstet Gynecol . 1978;;21:1061-1079.
62 +
Edwards A, Atma-Ram A, Thin RN.  Podophyllotoxin 0.5% v podophyllin 20% to treat penile warts . Genitourin Med . 1988;;64:263-265.
63 +
Ward JW, Clifford WS, Monaco AR, Bickerstaff HJ.  Fatal systemic poisoning following podophyllin treatment of condyloma acuminatum . South Med J . 1954;;47:1204-1206.
64 +
Chamberlain MJ, Reynolds AL, Yeoman WB.  Toxic effect of podophyllum application in pregnancy . Br Med J . 1972;;3:391-392.
65 +
Simmons PD.  Podophyllin 10% and 25% in the treatment of ano-genital warts: a comparative double-blind study . Br J Vener Dis . 1981;;57:208-209.
66 +
Von Krogh G.  Topical treatment of penile condylomata acuminata with podophyllin, podophyllotoxin and colchicine . Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) . 1978;;58:163-168.
67 +
Stringel G, Spence J, Corsini L.  Genital warts in children . Can Med Assoc J . 1985;;132:1397-1398.
68 +
Margolis S.  Genital warts and molluscum contagiosum . Urol Clin North Am . 1984;;11:163-170.
69 +
Shelton TB, Jerkins GR, Noe HN.  Condylomata acuminata in the pediatric patient . J Urol . 1986;;135:548-549.
70 +
Billingham RP, Lewis FG.  Laser versus electrical cautery in the treatment of condylomata acuminata of the anus . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1982;;155:865-867.
71 +
Fuselier HA, McBurney EI, Brannan W, Randrup ER.  Treatment of condylomata acuminata with carbon dioxide laser . Urology . 1980;; 15:265-266.
72 +
Garden JM, O'Banion MK, Shelnitz LS, et al.  Papillomavirus in the vapor of carbon dioxide laser-treated verrucae . JAMA . 1988;;259:1199-1202.
73 +
Abcarian H, Sharon N.  The effectiveness of immunotherapy in the treatment of anal condyloma acuminatum . J Surg Res . 1977;;22:231-236.
74 +
Malison MD, Morris R, Jones LW.  Autogenous vaccine therapy for condyloma acuminatum . Br J Vener Dis . 1982;;58:62-65.
75 +
Dunagin WG, Millikan LE.  Dinitrochlorbenzene immunotherapy for verrucae resistant to standard treatment modalities . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1982;;6:40-45.
76 +
Naylor MF, Neldner KH, Yarbrough GK, Rosio TJ, Iriondo M, Yeary J.  Contact immunotherapy of resistant warts . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1988;;19:679-683.
77 +
Krupp IM. Cited by Roy M, Meisels A, Fortier M, Morin C, Casas-Cordero M, Robitaille CG.  Vaginal condylomata: a human papillomavirus infection . Clin Obstet Gynecol . 1981;;24: 461-483.
78 +
O'Neill BB, Robbins DS.  Isoprinosine in the treatment of genital warts . Cancer Detect Prev . 1988;;12:497-501.
79 +
Schonfeld A, Schattner A, Crespi M, et al.  Intramuscular human interferon-β injections in treatment of condylomata acuminata . Lancet . 1984;;1:1038-1042.
80 +
Vance JC, Bart JB, Hansen RC, et al.  Intralesional recombinant alpha-2 interferon for the treatment of patients with condyloma acuminatum or verucca plantaris . Arch Dermatol . 1986;;122:272-277.
81 +
Figueroa S, Gennaro AR.  Intralesinal bleomycin injection in treatment of condyloma acuminatum . Dis Colon Rectum . 1980;;23:550-551.
82 +
Danoff DS, Holden S, Thompson RW, David R.  New treatment for extensive condylomata acuminata: external radiation therapy . Urology . 1981;;18:47-49.
83 +
Brokalakis J, Goumouzas N, Varelzidis A.  Topical treatment of condylomata acuminata with Solcoderm . Dermatologica . 1984;;168:49s-51s.
84 +
Von Krogh G.  The beneficial effect of 1% 5-fluorouracil in 70% ethanol on therapeutically refractory condylomas in the preputial cavity . Sex Transm Dis . 1978;;5:137-140.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Lynch PJ.  Condylomata acuminata (anogenital warts) . Clin Obstet Gynecol . 1985;;28:142-151.
2 +
Rock B, Naghashfar Z, Barnett N, Buscema J, Woodruff JD, Shah K.  Genital tract papillomavirus infection in children . Arch Dermatol . 1986;;122:1129-1132.
3 +
Oriel JD.  Genital warts . Sex Transm Dis . 1977;;4:153-159.
4 +
Stumpf PG.  Increasing occurrence of condylomata acuminata in premenarchal children . Obstet Gynecol . 1980;;56:262-264.
5 +
Mininberg DT, Rudick DH.  Urethral condyloma accuminata in male children . Pediatrics . 1976;;57:571-573.
6 +
Grace DA, Ochsner JA, McLain CR, Smith JP.  Vulvar condylomata acuminata in prepubertal females . JAMA . 1967;;201:151-152.
7 +
Patel R, Groff DB.  Condyloma acuminata in childhood . Pediatrics . 1972;;50:153-154.
8 +
Boutselis JG.  Intraepithelial carcinoma of the vulva . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1972;;113:733-738.
9 +
Redman JF, Meacham KR.  Condyloma acuminata of the urethral meatus in children . J Pediatr Surg . 1973;;8:939-941.
10 +
Copulsky J, Whitehead ED, Orkin LA.  Condyloma acuminata in a three-year-old boy . Urology . 1975;;5:372-373.
11 +
Goldman L, Feldman M, Levitt S.  Condyloma acuminata in infants and children . Arch Dermatol . 1976;;112;1329.
12 +
Eftaiha MS, Amshel AL, Shonberg IL.  Condylomata acuminata in an infant and mother: report of a case . Dis Colon Rectum . 1978;;21:369-371.
13 +
Tang CK, Shermeta DW, Wood C.  Congenital condylomata acuminata . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1978;;131:912-913.
14 +
Seidel J, Zonana J, Totten E.  Condylomata acuminata as a sign of sexual abuse in children . J Pediatr . 1979;;95:553-554.
15 +
De Jong AR, Weiss JC, Brent RL.  Condyloma acuminata in children . AJDC . 1982;;136:704-706.
16 +
McCoy CR, Applebaum H, Besser AS.  Condyloma acuminata: an unusual presentation of child abuse . J Pediatr Surg . 1982;;17:505-507.
17 +
Zamora S, Baumgartner G, Shaw M, Ordonez C, Guinan P.  Condyloma acuminatum in a 2½-year-old girl . J Urol . 1983;;129:145-146.
18 +
Herskowitz LI.  Condylomata acuminatum in the prepubescent child: report of a case . J Am Osteopath Assoc . 1983;;82:429-431.
19 +
Baruah MC, Sardari L, Selvaraju M, Veliath AJ.  Perianal condylomata acuminata in a male child . Br J Vener Dis . 1984;;60:60-61.
20 +
Sait MA, Garg BR.  Condylomata acuminata in children: report of four cases . Genitourin Med . 1985;;61:338-342.
21 +
Randrup ER, Sangisetty KV.  Condyloma acuminatum in children . Urology . 1985;;26:176-177.
22 +
Stringel G, Corsini L.  Condyloma acuminata in children . J Pediatr Surg . 1985;;20:499-501.
23 +
Sadan O, Koller AB, Adno A, Peale PG.  Massive vulval condylomata acuminata in a 10-month-old child with suspected sexual abuse: case report . Br J Obstet Gynaecol . 1985;;92:1201-1203.
24 +
Trofatter KF, English PC, Hughes CE, Gall SA.  Human lympoblastoid interferon (Welferon) in primary therapy of two children with condylomata acuminata . Obstet Gynecol . 1986;;67:137-140.
25 +
Weiss JP, November S, Curtin CT.  Recurrent penile condylomata acuminata in a 17-month-old boy . J Urol . 1986;;136:468-469.
26 +
Vallejos H, Del Mistro A, Kleinhaus S, Braunstein JD, Halwer M, Koss LG.  Characterization of human papilloma virus types in condylomata acuminata in children by in situ hybridization . Lab Invest . 1987;;56:611-615.
27 +
Fleming KA, Venning V, Evans M.  DNA typing of genital warts and diagnosis of sexual abuse of children . Lancet . 1987;;2:454.
28 +
Singh KG, Bajaj AK, Sharma R.  Perianal condyloma acuminatum in an infant . Int J Dermatol . 1988;;27:181-182.
29 +
Forman AB, Prendiville JS.  Association of human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and extensive perineal condylomata acuminata in a child . Arch Dermatol . 1988;;124:1010-1011.
30 +
Laraque D.  Severe anogenital warts in a child with HIV infection . N Engl J Med . 1989;;320:1220-1221.
31 +
Bender ME.  New concepts of condyloma acuminata in children . Arch Dermatol . 1986;; 122:1121-1124.
32 +
Swerdlow DB, Salvati EP.  Condyloma acuminatum . Dis Colon Rectum . 1971;;14:226-231.
33 +
Oriel JD.  Natural history of genital warts . Br J Vener Dis . 1971;;47:1-13.
34 +
Simmons PD.  Genital warts . Int J Dermatol . 1983;;22:410-414.
35 +
Oriel JD.  Genital warts . Sex Transm Dis . 1981;;8:326-329.
36 +
American Academy of Dermatology Task Force on Pediatric Dermatology.  Genital warts and sexual abuse in children . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1984;;11:529-530.
37 +
Matis WL, Triana A, Shapiro R, Eldred L, Polk BF, Hood AF.  Dermatologic findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1987;;17:746-751.
38 +
Silva PD, Micha JP, Silva DG.  Management of condyloma acuminatum . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1985;;13:457-463.
39 +
Nagington J, Rook A, Highet AS.  Virus and related infections . In Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, Champion RH, Burton JL, eds. Textbook of Dermatology . 4th ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc; 1986;:657-723.
40 +
Lowy DR, Androphy EJ.  Warts . In Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg lM, Austen KF, eds. Dermatology in General Medicine . 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill International Book Co; 1987;:2355-2364.
41 +
Berman A, Berman JE.  New concepts in viral wart infection . Compr Ther . 1988;;14:19-24.
42 +
Barnes W, Delgado G, Kurman RJ, et al.  Possible prognostic significance of human papillomavirus type in cervical cancer . Gynecol Oncol . 1988;;29:267-273.
43 +
Matsukura T, Koi S, Sugase M.  Both episomal and integrated forms of human papillomavirus type 16 are involved in invasive cervical cancers . Virology . 1989;;172:63-72.
44 +
Howley PM, Schlegel R.  The human papillomaviruses: an overview . Am J Med . 1988;;85:155-158.
45 +
Armstrong B, Jensen OM, Munoz N, et al.  Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer . Lancet . 1988;;1:756-758.
46 +
Reid R, Stanhope CR, Herschman BR, Booth E, Phibbs GD, Smith JP.  Genital warts and cervical cancer, I: evidence of an association between subclinical papillomavirus infection and cervical malignancy . Cancer . 1982;;50:377-387.
47 +
Grunebaum AN, Sedlis A, Sillman F, Fruchter R, Stanek A, Boyce J.  Association of human papillomavirus infection with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia . Obstet Gynecol . 1983;;62: 448-455.
48 +
Charlewood GP, Shippel S.  Vulval condyloma accuminata as a premalignant lesion in the Bantu . S Afr Med J . 1953;:27:149-151.
49 +
Gissman L, Wolnik L, Ikenberg H, Koldovsky U, Schnürch HG, Zur Hausen H.  Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 DNA sequences in genital and laryngeal papillomas and in some cervical cancers . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 1983;;80:560-563.
50 +
Reichman RC, Strike DG.  Pathogenesis and treatment of human genital papillomavirus infections: a review . Antiviral Res . 1989;;11:109-118.
51 +
Zur Hausen H.  Papillomaviruses in human cancers . Mol Carcinog . 1988;;1:147-159.
52 +
Campo MS.  Viral and cellular oncogenes in papillomavirus-associated cancers . Br J Cancer Suppl . 1988;;9:80-84.
53 +
Zur Hausen H.  Papillomaviruses in anogenital cancer as a model to understand the role of viruses in human cancers . Cancer Res . 1989;;49: 4677-4681.
54 +
Breneman DL, Lucky AW, Ostrow RS, Faras AJ, Volger C, Jenski LJ.  Bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia associated with human papillomavirus DNA type 16 in an infant with atopic dermatitis . Pediatr Dermatol . 1985;;2:297-301.
55 +
Tidy JA, Vousden KH, Farrell PJ.  Relation between infection with a subtype of HPV 16 and cervical neoplasia . Lancet . 1989;;2:1225-1227.
56 +
Herman-Giddens M.  Condylomata acuminata in children and sexual abuse . Genitourin Med . 1985;;61:68.
57 +
Schachner L, Hankin DE.  Assessing child abuse in childhood condyloma acuminatum . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1985;;12:157-160.
58 +
Goldenring JM.  Condylomata acuminata in the evaluation of child sexual abuse . Arch Dermatol . 1987;;123:1265-1266.
59 +
Verdich JU.  Veneral diseases in children and sexual abuse . Ugeskr Laeger . 1989;;151:555-557.
60 +
Centers for Disease Control.  1989 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines . MMWR 1989;;38:41-42.
61 +
Powell LC.  Condyloma acuminatum: recent advances in development, carcinogenesis, and treatment . Clin Obstet Gynecol . 1978;;21:1061-1079.
62 +
Edwards A, Atma-Ram A, Thin RN.  Podophyllotoxin 0.5% v podophyllin 20% to treat penile warts . Genitourin Med . 1988;;64:263-265.
63 +
Ward JW, Clifford WS, Monaco AR, Bickerstaff HJ.  Fatal systemic poisoning following podophyllin treatment of condyloma acuminatum . South Med J . 1954;;47:1204-1206.
64 +
Chamberlain MJ, Reynolds AL, Yeoman WB.  Toxic effect of podophyllum application in pregnancy . Br Med J . 1972;;3:391-392.
65 +
Simmons PD.  Podophyllin 10% and 25% in the treatment of ano-genital warts: a comparative double-blind study . Br J Vener Dis . 1981;;57:208-209.
66 +
Von Krogh G.  Topical treatment of penile condylomata acuminata with podophyllin, podophyllotoxin and colchicine . Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) . 1978;;58:163-168.
67 +
Stringel G, Spence J, Corsini L.  Genital warts in children . Can Med Assoc J . 1985;;132:1397-1398.
68 +
Margolis S.  Genital warts and molluscum contagiosum . Urol Clin North Am . 1984;;11:163-170.
69 +
Shelton TB, Jerkins GR, Noe HN.  Condylomata acuminata in the pediatric patient . J Urol . 1986;;135:548-549.
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