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May 1990, Vol 144, No. 5 >
Article | May 1990

Maternal Abuse of Cocaine and Heroin FREE

EDWARD C. MAYNARD, MD
Am J Dis Child. 1990;144(5):520-521. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150290014009.
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Sir.—I agree with Dr Fulroth and coauthors that we need to know more about the consequences of maternal abuse of cocaine and heroin in combination.1 However, a number of problems weaken the conclusions that can be drawn from their study.

First, the authors have chosen an insensitive method for the detection of maternal drug abuse. Study subjects were identified only by a history or suspicion of maternal drug abuse at the time of delivery. As the authors acknowledged, maternal history regarding drug abuse is often inaccurate2; in other studies, up to 24% of mothers with positive drug screen results have denied drug use.3 The authors asserted that "the problem of inaccurate histories was decreased by having the maternal drug history obtained by three separate individuals," but they offered no evidence to support such a conclusion. The study population thus represents a group detected by maternal report

REFERENCES

1 +
Fulroth R, Phillips B, Durand DJ.  Perinatal outcome of infants exposed to cocaine and/or heroin in utero . AJDC . 1989;;143:905-910.
2 +
Hingson R, Zuckerman B, Amaro H, et al.  Maternal marijuana use and neonatal outcome: uncertainty posed by self reports . Am J Public Health . 1986;;76:667-669.
3 +
Frank DA, Zuckerman BS, Amaro H, et al.  Cocaine use during pregnancy: prevalence and correlates . Pediatrics . 1988;;82:888-895.
4 +
Bandstra ES, Steele BW, Burkett GT, Palow DC, Levandowski N, Rodriguez V.  Prevalence of perinatal cocaine exposure in an urban multiethnic population . Pediatr Res . 1989;;25:247 Abstract.
5 +
Valencia G, McCalla S, daSilva M.  Epidemiology of cocaine use during pregnancy at Kings County Hospital Center (KCHC) . Pediatr Res . 1989;;25:265 Abstract.
6 +
Oro AS, Dixon SD.  Perinatal cocaine and methamphetamine exposure: maternal and neonatal correlates . J Pediatr . 1987;;111:571-578.
7 +
Cherukuri R, Minkoff H, Feldman J, Parekh A, Glass L.  A cohort study of alkaloidal cocaine ('crack') in pregnancy . Obstet Gynecol . 1988;;72: 147-151.
8 +
Zuckerman B, Frank DA, Hingson R et al.  Effects of maternal marijuana and cocaine use on fetal growth . N Engl J Med . 1989;;320:762-768.
9 +
Chasnoff IJ, Burns WJ, Schnoll SH, Burns KA.  Cocaine in pregnancy . N Engl J Med . 1985;; 313:666-669.
10 +
Doberczak TM, Shanzer S, Senie RT, Kandall SR.  Neonatal neurologic and encephalographic effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure . J Pediatr . 1988;;113:354-358.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Fulroth R, Phillips B, Durand DJ.  Perinatal outcome of infants exposed to cocaine and/or heroin in utero . AJDC . 1989;;143:905-910.
2 +
Hingson R, Zuckerman B, Amaro H, et al.  Maternal marijuana use and neonatal outcome: uncertainty posed by self reports . Am J Public Health . 1986;;76:667-669.
3 +
Frank DA, Zuckerman BS, Amaro H, et al.  Cocaine use during pregnancy: prevalence and correlates . Pediatrics . 1988;;82:888-895.
4 +
Bandstra ES, Steele BW, Burkett GT, Palow DC, Levandowski N, Rodriguez V.  Prevalence of perinatal cocaine exposure in an urban multiethnic population . Pediatr Res . 1989;;25:247 Abstract.
5 +
Valencia G, McCalla S, daSilva M.  Epidemiology of cocaine use during pregnancy at Kings County Hospital Center (KCHC) . Pediatr Res . 1989;;25:265 Abstract.
6 +
Oro AS, Dixon SD.  Perinatal cocaine and methamphetamine exposure: maternal and neonatal correlates . J Pediatr . 1987;;111:571-578.
7 +
Cherukuri R, Minkoff H, Feldman J, Parekh A, Glass L.  A cohort study of alkaloidal cocaine ('crack') in pregnancy . Obstet Gynecol . 1988;;72: 147-151.
8 +
Zuckerman B, Frank DA, Hingson R et al.  Effects of maternal marijuana and cocaine use on fetal growth . N Engl J Med . 1989;;320:762-768.
9 +
Chasnoff IJ, Burns WJ, Schnoll SH, Burns KA.  Cocaine in pregnancy . N Engl J Med . 1985;; 313:666-669.
10 +
Doberczak TM, Shanzer S, Senie RT, Kandall SR.  Neonatal neurologic and encephalographic effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure . J Pediatr . 1988;;113:354-358.

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