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April 1990, Vol 144, No. 4 >
Article | April 1990

Pregnancies in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Sex Partners of Hemophilic Men FREE

Janine Jason, MD; Bruce L. Evatt, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication November 13, 1989.

A complete list of members of the Hemophilia-AIDS Collaborative Study Group appears at the end of this article.

Reprint requests to Mailstop E25, NAIEP, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Jason).


Am J Dis Child. 1990;144(4):485-490. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150280107024.
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• We investigated 24 completed pregnancies of 20 healthy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–seropositive sex partners of 20 seropositive hemophilic men. One woman had recurrent herpes simplex type 2 infection; no woman was known to use illicit drugs or to have other purported cofactors for vertical HIV transmission. For 8 offspring, the mothers learned of their partners' serostatus and received counseling against pregnancy prior to the fifth month of gestation; for 9 offspring (37.5%), the mothers learned of their own seropositivity and received counseling prior to the fifth month. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed in 7 (35%) of 20 fathers, 4 of whom died; HIV-related symptoms developed in 4; severe liver disease developed in 2; and 7 (35%) were in good health. In four mothers (20%) HIV-related symptoms developed. Five offspring were breast-fed for 2 days to more than 3 years, two while the mother was known to be seropositive; four of these were seronegative and healthy, and one was seropositive at 30 months of age and had persistent cervical lymphadenopathy at 48 months of age. Infants were born at term; median birth weight was 2.86 kg. Solely on the basis of serologic studies and symptoms for those with more than 15 months of follow-up, the minimum perinatal transmission rate for this group of women without putative transmission cofactors (drug usage, promiscuity, malnutrition, HIV symptoms) was at least 25%, a rate comparable to that reported for women in other risk groups.

(AJDC. 1990;144:485-490)

REFERENCES

1 +
Centers for Disease Control.  HIV infection and pregnancies in sexual partners of HIV-seropositive hemophilic men—United States . MMWR . 1987;;36:593-595.
2 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Recommendations for assisting in the prevention of perinatal transmission of human T-lymphotrophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . MMWR . 1985;;34:721-726,731-732.
3 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Additional recommendations to reduce sexual and drug abuse-related transmission of human T-lymphotrophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus . MMWR . 1986;;35:152-155.
4 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Public Health Service guidelines for counseling and antibody testing to prevent HIV infection and AIDS . MMWR . 1987;;36:509-515.
5 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Prevention of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): report of inter-agency recommendations . MMWR . 1983;;32:101-104.
6 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in populations with increased incidences of the syndrome . MMWR . 1984;;33:377-379.
7 +
National Hemophilia Foundation.  Questions raised about sexual relations and AIDS . In: Hemophilia Information Exchange, AIDS Update . New York, NY: National Hemophilia Foundation; Feb (ruary 3) , 1984;.
8 +
National Hemophilia Foundation.  AIDS and hemophilia: your questions answered . In: Hemophilia Information Exchange, AIDS Update . New York, NY: National Hemophilia Foundation; (March) 1985;.
9 +
National Hemophilia Foundation.  Hemophilia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): intimacy and sexual behavior . In: Hemophilia Information Exchange, AIDS Update . New York, NY: National Hemophilia Foundation; (September) 1985;.
10 +
National Hemophilia Foundation.  Reducing the risk of heterosexual and perinatal transmission of AIDS . In: Hemophilia Information Exchange, AIDS Update . New York, NY: National Hemophilia Foundation; (December 13) , 1985;.
11 +
National Center for Health Statistics. Advance Report on Final Natality Statistics—1986 . Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1988;.
12 +
National Center for Health Statistics. Monthly Vital Statistics Report: Annual Summary of Births, Marriages, Divorces and Deaths—U.S.—1987 . Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1988;.
13 +
Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Interagency Agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and the Health Resources and Services Administration for the National Hemophilia AIDS/HIV Infection Prevention Project. Appropriation 7580943; 1988.
14 +
Kreiss JK, Koech D, Plummer FA, et al.  AIDS virus infection in Nairobi prostitutes: spread of the epidemic to East Africa . N Engl J Med . 1986;;314:414-418.
15 +
Padian N, Greenblat R, Glass S, Dull I. Clinical and immunological correlates of the heterosexual transmission of HIV. In: Program and abstracts of the 28th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 23-26, 1988; Los Angeles, Calif. Abstract 344.
16 +
Mok JQ, Giaquinto C, DeRossi A, Grosch-Worner I, Ades AE, Peckham CS.  Infants born to mothers seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus: preliminary findings from a multicentre European study . Lancet . 1987;;1:1164-1168.
17 +
Chow JH, The New York City Collaborative Study Group for Perinatal Transmission of HIV. HIV infection in pregnant women: two year report. In: Program and abstracts of the 28th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 23-26, 1988; Los Angeles, Calif. Abstract 1361
18 +
Lawrence DN, Jason JM, Bouhasin JD.  HTLV-III/LAV antibody status of spouses and household contacts assisting in home infusion of hemophilia patients . Blood . 1985;;66:703-705.
19 +
Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Proportions . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1981;.
20 +
Jason J, Holman RC, Dixon G, et al.  Effects of exposure to factor concentrates containing donations from identified AIDS patients: a matched cohort study . JAMA . 1986;;256:1758-1762.
21 +
Holman RC, Gomperts ED, Jason JM, Abildgaard CF, Zalasky MT, Evatt BL. Age and human immunodeficiency virus infection in persons with hemophilia in California. Am J Public Health. In press.
22 +
Ngugi EN, Plummer FA, Simonsen JN, et al.  Prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: effectiveness of condom promotion and health education among prostitutes . Lancet . 1988;;2:887-890.
23 +
Thiry L, Sprecher-Goldberger S, Jonckheer T, et al.  Isolation of AIDS virus from cell-free breast milk of three healthy virus carriers . Lancet . 1985;;2:891-892.
24 +
Ziegler JB, Cooper DA, Johnson RO, Gold J.  Postnatal transmission of AIDS-associated retrovirus from mother to infant . Lancet . 1985;;1:896-898.
25 +
Lepage P, Van de Perre P, Carael M, et al.  Postnatal transmission of HIV from mother to child . Lancet . 1987;;2:400.
26 +
Weinbreck P, Loustaud V, Denis F, Vidal B, Mounier M, deLumley L.  Postnatal transmission of HIV infection . Lancet . 1988;;1:482.
27 +
Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Moscato M-L G, et al.  A prospective study of infants born to women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . N Engl J Med . 1989;;320:1643-1648.
28 +
The European Collaborative Study.  Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection . Lancet . 1988;;2:1039-1043.
29 +
Italian Multicentre Study.  Epidemiology, clinical features, and prognostic factor of paediatric HIV infection . Lancet . 1988;;2:1043-1046.
30 +
Rubinstein A, Bernstein L.  The epidemiology of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Clin Immunol Immunopathol . 1986;;40: 115-121.
31 +
Scott GB, Fischl MA, Klimas N, et al.  Mothers of infants with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: evidence for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers . JAMA . 1985;;253:363-366.
32 +
Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Veber F, LeDeist F. Mayaux MJ, Griscelli C. Prospective study on newborns of HIV seropositive women. In: Abstracts of the Third International Conference on AIDS. June 4, 1987; Washington, DC.
33 +
Borkowsky W, Krasinski K, Paul D, Moore T, Bebenroth D, Chandwani S.  Human-immunodeficiency-virus infections in infants negative for anti-HIV by enzyme-linked immunoassay . Lancet . 1987;;1:1168-1171.
34 +
Laure F, Courgraud V, Rouzioux C, et al.  Detection of HIV-1 DNA in infants and children by means of the polymerase chain reaction . Lancet . 1988;;2:538-541.
35 +
Pahwa S, Kaplan M, Fikrig S, et al.  Spectrum of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infection in children: recognition of symptomatic, asymptomatic, and seronegative patients . JAMA . 1986;;255:2299-2305.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Centers for Disease Control.  HIV infection and pregnancies in sexual partners of HIV-seropositive hemophilic men—United States . MMWR . 1987;;36:593-595.
2 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Recommendations for assisting in the prevention of perinatal transmission of human T-lymphotrophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . MMWR . 1985;;34:721-726,731-732.
3 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Additional recommendations to reduce sexual and drug abuse-related transmission of human T-lymphotrophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus . MMWR . 1986;;35:152-155.
4 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Public Health Service guidelines for counseling and antibody testing to prevent HIV infection and AIDS . MMWR . 1987;;36:509-515.
5 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Prevention of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): report of inter-agency recommendations . MMWR . 1983;;32:101-104.
6 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in populations with increased incidences of the syndrome . MMWR . 1984;;33:377-379.
7 +
National Hemophilia Foundation.  Questions raised about sexual relations and AIDS . In: Hemophilia Information Exchange, AIDS Update . New York, NY: National Hemophilia Foundation; Feb (ruary 3) , 1984;.
8 +
National Hemophilia Foundation.  AIDS and hemophilia: your questions answered . In: Hemophilia Information Exchange, AIDS Update . New York, NY: National Hemophilia Foundation; (March) 1985;.
9 +
National Hemophilia Foundation.  Hemophilia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): intimacy and sexual behavior . In: Hemophilia Information Exchange, AIDS Update . New York, NY: National Hemophilia Foundation; (September) 1985;.
10 +
National Hemophilia Foundation.  Reducing the risk of heterosexual and perinatal transmission of AIDS . In: Hemophilia Information Exchange, AIDS Update . New York, NY: National Hemophilia Foundation; (December 13) , 1985;.
11 +
National Center for Health Statistics. Advance Report on Final Natality Statistics—1986 . Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1988;.
12 +
National Center for Health Statistics. Monthly Vital Statistics Report: Annual Summary of Births, Marriages, Divorces and Deaths—U.S.—1987 . Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1988;.
13 +
Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Interagency Agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and the Health Resources and Services Administration for the National Hemophilia AIDS/HIV Infection Prevention Project. Appropriation 7580943; 1988.
14 +
Kreiss JK, Koech D, Plummer FA, et al.  AIDS virus infection in Nairobi prostitutes: spread of the epidemic to East Africa . N Engl J Med . 1986;;314:414-418.
15 +
Padian N, Greenblat R, Glass S, Dull I. Clinical and immunological correlates of the heterosexual transmission of HIV. In: Program and abstracts of the 28th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 23-26, 1988; Los Angeles, Calif. Abstract 344.
16 +
Mok JQ, Giaquinto C, DeRossi A, Grosch-Worner I, Ades AE, Peckham CS.  Infants born to mothers seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus: preliminary findings from a multicentre European study . Lancet . 1987;;1:1164-1168.
17 +
Chow JH, The New York City Collaborative Study Group for Perinatal Transmission of HIV. HIV infection in pregnant women: two year report. In: Program and abstracts of the 28th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 23-26, 1988; Los Angeles, Calif. Abstract 1361
18 +
Lawrence DN, Jason JM, Bouhasin JD.  HTLV-III/LAV antibody status of spouses and household contacts assisting in home infusion of hemophilia patients . Blood . 1985;;66:703-705.
19 +
Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Proportions . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1981;.
20 +
Jason J, Holman RC, Dixon G, et al.  Effects of exposure to factor concentrates containing donations from identified AIDS patients: a matched cohort study . JAMA . 1986;;256:1758-1762.
21 +
Holman RC, Gomperts ED, Jason JM, Abildgaard CF, Zalasky MT, Evatt BL. Age and human immunodeficiency virus infection in persons with hemophilia in California. Am J Public Health. In press.
22 +
Ngugi EN, Plummer FA, Simonsen JN, et al.  Prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: effectiveness of condom promotion and health education among prostitutes . Lancet . 1988;;2:887-890.
23 +
Thiry L, Sprecher-Goldberger S, Jonckheer T, et al.  Isolation of AIDS virus from cell-free breast milk of three healthy virus carriers . Lancet . 1985;;2:891-892.
24 +
Ziegler JB, Cooper DA, Johnson RO, Gold J.  Postnatal transmission of AIDS-associated retrovirus from mother to infant . Lancet . 1985;;1:896-898.
25 +
Lepage P, Van de Perre P, Carael M, et al.  Postnatal transmission of HIV from mother to child . Lancet . 1987;;2:400.
26 +
Weinbreck P, Loustaud V, Denis F, Vidal B, Mounier M, deLumley L.  Postnatal transmission of HIV infection . Lancet . 1988;;1:482.
27 +
Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Moscato M-L G, et al.  A prospective study of infants born to women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . N Engl J Med . 1989;;320:1643-1648.
28 +
The European Collaborative Study.  Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection . Lancet . 1988;;2:1039-1043.
29 +
Italian Multicentre Study.  Epidemiology, clinical features, and prognostic factor of paediatric HIV infection . Lancet . 1988;;2:1043-1046.
30 +
Rubinstein A, Bernstein L.  The epidemiology of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Clin Immunol Immunopathol . 1986;;40: 115-121.
31 +
Scott GB, Fischl MA, Klimas N, et al.  Mothers of infants with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: evidence for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers . JAMA . 1985;;253:363-366.
32 +
Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Veber F, LeDeist F. Mayaux MJ, Griscelli C. Prospective study on newborns of HIV seropositive women. In: Abstracts of the Third International Conference on AIDS. June 4, 1987; Washington, DC.
33 +
Borkowsky W, Krasinski K, Paul D, Moore T, Bebenroth D, Chandwani S.  Human-immunodeficiency-virus infections in infants negative for anti-HIV by enzyme-linked immunoassay . Lancet . 1987;;1:1168-1171.
34 +
Laure F, Courgraud V, Rouzioux C, et al.  Detection of HIV-1 DNA in infants and children by means of the polymerase chain reaction . Lancet . 1988;;2:538-541.
35 +
Pahwa S, Kaplan M, Fikrig S, et al.  Spectrum of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infection in children: recognition of symptomatic, asymptomatic, and seronegative patients . JAMA . 1986;;255:2299-2305.

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