0
October 1989, Vol 143, No. 10 >
Article | October 1989

School Breakfast Program and School Performance FREE

Alan F. Meyers, MD, MPH; Amy E. Sampson, PhD; Michael Weitzman, MD; Beatrice L. Rogers, PhD; Herb Kayne, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication May 1, 1989.

Presented in part at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Ambulatory Pediatrics Association, Washington, DC, May 3, 1988.

Reprint requests to the Department of Pediatrics, Boston City Hospital, 818 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02118 (Dr Meyers).


Am J Dis Child. 1989;143(10):1234-1239. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150220142035.
Text Size: A A A
Published online
Article
References
Comments

• To test the hypothesis that participation in the School Breakfast Program by low-income children is associated with improvements in standardized achievement test scores and in rates of absence and tardiness, children in grades 3 through 6 were studied in the Lawrence, Mass, public schools, where the School Breakfast Program was begun at the start of the second semester 1986-1987 school year. The changes in scores on a standardized achievement test and in rates of absence and tardiness before and after the implementation of the School Breakfast Program for children participating in the program were compared with those of children who also qualified but did not participate. Controlling for other factors, participation in the School Breakfast Program contributed positively to the 1987 Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills battery total scale score and negatively to 1987 tardiness and absence rates. These findings suggest that participation in the School Breakfast Program is associated with significant improvements in academic functioning among low-income elementary school children.

(AJDC. 1989;143:1234-1239)

REFERENCES

1 +
Hufton IW, Oates RK.  Non-organic failureto-thrive: a long-term followup . Pediatrics . 1977;; 59:73-77.
2 +
Webb TE, Oski FA.  Iron deficiency anemia and scholastic achievement in young adolescents . J Pediatr . 1973;;82:827-830.
3 +
Radzikowski J, Gale S.  The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: conclusions . Am J Clin Nutr . 1984;;40:454-461.
4 +
Maurer KM.  The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: factors affecting student participation . Am J Clin Nutr . 1984;;40:424-447.
5 +
Hanes S, Vermeersch J, Gale S.  The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: program impact on dietary intake . Am J Clin Nutr . 1984;;40:390-413.
6 +
Heitman J. Fuel for Excellence . Washington, DC: Food Research and Action Center; October 1987;:19.
7 +
Pollitt E, Leibel RL, Greenfield D.  Brief Fasting, stress, and cognition in children . Am J Clin Nutr . 1981;;34:1526-1533.
8 +
Pollitt E, Lewis NL, Garza C, Shulman RJ.  Fasting and cognitive function . J Psychiatr Res . 1982-1983;;17:169-174.
9 +
Pollitt E, Gersovitz M, Gargiulo M.  Educational benefits of the United States school feeding programs: a critical review of the literature . Am J Pub Health . 1978;;68:477-481.
10 +
US Bureau of the Census. County and City Data Book 1983.
11 +
Laird DA, Levitan M, Wilson VA.  Nervousness in school children as related to hunger and diet . Med J Rec . 1931;;134:494-499.
12 +
Keister ME.  Relation of mid-morning feeding to behavior of nursery school children . J Am Diet Assoc . 1950;;26:25-29.
13 +
Tuttle WW, Daum K, Larsen R, Salzano J. Roloff L.  Effect on school boys of omitting breakfast . J Am Diet Assoc . 1954;;30:674-677.
14 +
Dwyer JT, Elias MF, Warram J, Stare FJ.  Effects of a school snack program on certain aspects of school performance . Fed Proc . 1972;;31:718.
15 +
Dickie NH, Bender AE.  Breakfast and performance in schoolchildren . Br J Nutr . 1982;;48:483-496.
16 +
Lieberman HM, Hunt IF, Coulson AH, Clark VA, Swendseid ME, Ho L.  Evaluation of a ghetto school breakfast program . J Am Diet Assoc . 1976;;68:132-138.
17 +
Paige DM, Cordano A, Huang S.  Nutritional supplementation of disadvantaged elementaryschool children . Pediatrics . 1976;;58:697-703.
18 +
Lininger FF.  Relation of the use of milk to the physical and scholastic progress of undernourished school children . Am J Public Health . 1933;;23:555-560.
19 +
Koonce TM.  Does breakfast help? School Food Serv J . 1972;;26:51-54.
20 +
Pelican S, O'Connell LH, Lewis C, ByrdBredbenner C. Relationships of Hunger and Malnutrition to Learning Ability and Behavior . Lakeland, Fla: Florida Department of Citrus; 1985;:14-16.
21 +
Irvings M, Vaupel S. If We Had Ham, We Could Have Ham and Eggs, If We Had Eggs: A Study of the National School Breakfast Program . Washington, DC: Food Research and Action Center; 1972;:32-39.
22 +
Pilant V.  Breakfast and school . Palmetto Apple . South Carolina Department of Education Office of School Food Services; 1984;;2:3.
23 +
Cole ME.  It's breakfast in Baton Rouge . School Food Service J . 1984;;38:60.
24 +
Tennesse Hunger Coalition. School Breakfast Advocates Manual . Nashville, Tenn. 1983;.
25 +
Benton D, Roberts G.  Effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation on intelligence of a sample of schoolchildren . Lancet . 1988;;1:140-143.
26 +
Burket GR, Green DR, Yen WM, Guest ME, Hunter WH. Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills, Forms U and V, Technical Report . Monterey, Calif: CTB/McGraw-Hill; 1984;.
27 +
Congressional Budget Office. Educational Achievement: Explanations and Implications of Recent Trends . Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office; August 1987;:95.
28 +
Shepard L.  Setting performance standards . In: Berk RA, ed. A Guide to Criterion-Based Test Construction . Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1984;:169-198.
29 +
Madaus GF.  Measurement specialists: testing the faith: a reply to Mehrens . In: Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice . 1986;;5:11-14.
30 +
Jordan LA.  The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: analysis methods . Am J Clin Nutr . 1984;;40:382-389.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Hufton IW, Oates RK.  Non-organic failureto-thrive: a long-term followup . Pediatrics . 1977;; 59:73-77.
2 +
Webb TE, Oski FA.  Iron deficiency anemia and scholastic achievement in young adolescents . J Pediatr . 1973;;82:827-830.
3 +
Radzikowski J, Gale S.  The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: conclusions . Am J Clin Nutr . 1984;;40:454-461.
4 +
Maurer KM.  The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: factors affecting student participation . Am J Clin Nutr . 1984;;40:424-447.
5 +
Hanes S, Vermeersch J, Gale S.  The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: program impact on dietary intake . Am J Clin Nutr . 1984;;40:390-413.
6 +
Heitman J. Fuel for Excellence . Washington, DC: Food Research and Action Center; October 1987;:19.
7 +
Pollitt E, Leibel RL, Greenfield D.  Brief Fasting, stress, and cognition in children . Am J Clin Nutr . 1981;;34:1526-1533.
8 +
Pollitt E, Lewis NL, Garza C, Shulman RJ.  Fasting and cognitive function . J Psychiatr Res . 1982-1983;;17:169-174.
9 +
Pollitt E, Gersovitz M, Gargiulo M.  Educational benefits of the United States school feeding programs: a critical review of the literature . Am J Pub Health . 1978;;68:477-481.
10 +
US Bureau of the Census. County and City Data Book 1983.
11 +
Laird DA, Levitan M, Wilson VA.  Nervousness in school children as related to hunger and diet . Med J Rec . 1931;;134:494-499.
12 +
Keister ME.  Relation of mid-morning feeding to behavior of nursery school children . J Am Diet Assoc . 1950;;26:25-29.
13 +
Tuttle WW, Daum K, Larsen R, Salzano J. Roloff L.  Effect on school boys of omitting breakfast . J Am Diet Assoc . 1954;;30:674-677.
14 +
Dwyer JT, Elias MF, Warram J, Stare FJ.  Effects of a school snack program on certain aspects of school performance . Fed Proc . 1972;;31:718.
15 +
Dickie NH, Bender AE.  Breakfast and performance in schoolchildren . Br J Nutr . 1982;;48:483-496.
16 +
Lieberman HM, Hunt IF, Coulson AH, Clark VA, Swendseid ME, Ho L.  Evaluation of a ghetto school breakfast program . J Am Diet Assoc . 1976;;68:132-138.
17 +
Paige DM, Cordano A, Huang S.  Nutritional supplementation of disadvantaged elementaryschool children . Pediatrics . 1976;;58:697-703.
18 +
Lininger FF.  Relation of the use of milk to the physical and scholastic progress of undernourished school children . Am J Public Health . 1933;;23:555-560.
19 +
Koonce TM.  Does breakfast help? School Food Serv J . 1972;;26:51-54.
20 +
Pelican S, O'Connell LH, Lewis C, ByrdBredbenner C. Relationships of Hunger and Malnutrition to Learning Ability and Behavior . Lakeland, Fla: Florida Department of Citrus; 1985;:14-16.
21 +
Irvings M, Vaupel S. If We Had Ham, We Could Have Ham and Eggs, If We Had Eggs: A Study of the National School Breakfast Program . Washington, DC: Food Research and Action Center; 1972;:32-39.
22 +
Pilant V.  Breakfast and school . Palmetto Apple . South Carolina Department of Education Office of School Food Services; 1984;;2:3.
23 +
Cole ME.  It's breakfast in Baton Rouge . School Food Service J . 1984;;38:60.
24 +
Tennesse Hunger Coalition. School Breakfast Advocates Manual . Nashville, Tenn. 1983;.
25 +
Benton D, Roberts G.  Effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation on intelligence of a sample of schoolchildren . Lancet . 1988;;1:140-143.
26 +
Burket GR, Green DR, Yen WM, Guest ME, Hunter WH. Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills, Forms U and V, Technical Report . Monterey, Calif: CTB/McGraw-Hill; 1984;.
27 +
Congressional Budget Office. Educational Achievement: Explanations and Implications of Recent Trends . Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office; August 1987;:95.
28 +
Shepard L.  Setting performance standards . In: Berk RA, ed. A Guide to Criterion-Based Test Construction . Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1984;:169-198.
29 +
Madaus GF.  Measurement specialists: testing the faith: a reply to Mehrens . In: Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice . 1986;;5:11-14.
30 +
Jordan LA.  The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: analysis methods . Am J Clin Nutr . 1984;;40:382-389.

Correspondence

Submit a Letter
CME
Accreditation Information
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Clear Answers | Save For Later
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
Commitment to Change (optional):
Indicate what change(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
Your quiz results:
The filled radio buttons indicate your responses. The preferred responses are highlighted
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
Submit a Comment

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.

© 2013 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
Powered bySilverchair Information Systems