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June 1989, Vol 143, No. 6 >
Article | June 1989

Predicting Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Adolescents FREE

Albert C. Hergenroeder, MD; Robert B. Schoene, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication March 6, 1989.

Presented before the Section of Adolescent Medicine, Society of Pediatric Research, Anaheim, Calif, April 30, 1987.

Reprint requests to Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 (Dr Hergenroeder).


Am J Dis Child. 1989;143(6):673-677. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150180051019.
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• The purpose of this study was to develop regression equations to predict oxygen uptake (Vo2) in adolescents. Thirty-nine subjects had maximum oxygen uptake measured on a cycle ergometer. Anthropometric measurements included triceps, subscapular, and thigh skin folds. The subjects ran 12-minute and 2.4-km runs on separate days. Using a multiplestepwise forward regression analysis, equations were developed to predict oxygen uptake as Vo2 and Vo2/kg, accounting for 81% and 64% of the variance, respectively. A validation procedure was done 5

months later when all runs and measurements were repeated, and predicted and measured oxygen uptake were compared. The equation for predicting Vo2 accounted for 88% of the variance, with the SE of the estimate equal to 0.07 L/min. The equation for predicting Vo2/kg accounted for 58% of the variance, with the SE of the estimate equal to 27 mL of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute. The Vo2 can be accurately predicted using indirect means in adolescents, while Vo2/kg cannot.

(AJDC. 1989;143:673-677)

REFERENCES

1 +
Mitchell JH, Sproule BJ, Chapman CB.  The physiological meaning of the maximal oxygen intake test . J Clin Invest . 1958;;37:538-546.
2 +
Taylor HL, Buskirk E, Henschel A.  Maximal oxygen intake as an objective measure of cardiorespiratory performance . J Appl Physiol . 1955;; 8:73-80.
3 +
Bar-Or O. Pediatric Sports Medicine for the Practitioner . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc; 1983;.
4 +
Jackson AS, Coleman AE.  Validation of distance run tests for elementary school children . Res Q Exerc Sport . 1976;;47:86-94.
5 +
Maksud MG, Coutts KD.  Application of the Cooper twelve-minute run-walk test to young males . Res Q Am Assoc Health Phys Educ . 1971;;42:54-59.
6 +
Doolittle TL, Bigbee R.  The twelve-minute run-walk: a test of cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescent boys . Res Q Am Assoc Health Phys Educ . 1968;;39:491-495.
7 +
Metz KF, Alexander JF.  An investigation of the relationship between maximum aerobic work capacity and physical fitness in twelve to fifteen year-old boys . Res Q Exerc Sport . 1970;;41:75-81.
8 +
Gutin B, Fogle RK, Stewart K.  Relationship among submaximal heart rate, aerobic power, and running performance in children . Res Q Exerc Sport . 1976;;47:536-539.
9 +
Olree H, Stevens C, Nelson T, Agnevik C, Clark RT.  Evaluation of the AAHPER youth fitness test . J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 1965;;5:67-71.
10 +
Hollingshead AB. Two Factor Index of Social Position . New Haven, Conn: privately printed; 1965;.
11 +
Duke PM, Litt IF, Gross RT.  Adolescents' self-assessment of sexual maturation . Pediatrics . 1980;;66:918-920.
12 +
Parizkova J.  Total body fat and skinfold thickness in children . Metabolism . 1961;;10:794-807.
13 +
Siri WE.  Body composition from fluid spaces and density . In: Borzek J, Henschel A, eds. Techniques for Measuring Body Composition . Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1961;:223-224.
14 +
Pate RR, Blair SN.  Exercise and the prevention of atherosclerosis: pediatric complications . In: Strong WB, ed. Atherosclerosis: Its Pediatric Aspects . New York, NY: Grune & Stratton; 1978;:13.
15 +
Matsui H, Miyashita M, Miura M, Kobayashi K, Hoshikawa T, Kamei S.  Maximum oxygen intake and its relationship to body weight in Japanese adolescents . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1972;;4:27-32.
16 +
Andersen KL, Seliger V, Rutenfranz J, Mocellin R.  Physical performance capacity of children in Norway. Part I . Eur J Appi Physiol . 1974;;33:177-195.
17 +
Klissouras V.  Prediction of potential performance with special reference to heredity . J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 1973;;13:100-107.
18 +
Daniels J, Olridge N.  Changes in oxygen consumption of young boys during growth and running training . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1971;;3:161-165.
19 +
Wells CL, Scrutton EW, Archibald LD, Cooke WP, De La Mothe JW.  Physical working capacity and maximal oxygen uptake of teenaged athletes . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1973;;5:232-241.
20 +
McMiken DF.  Maximal aerobic power and physical dimensions of children . Ann Hum Biol . 1976;;3:141-147.
21 +
Cooper KH.  A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake . JAMA . 1968;;203:201-204.
22 +
Johnson DJ, Oliver RA, Terry JW.  Regression equation for prediction of performance in the twelve-minute run-walk test . J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 1979;;19:165-170.
23 +
Forbes GB. Human Body Composition: Growth, Aging, Nutrition, and Activity . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc; 1987;:72-85.
24 +
Krahenbuhl GS, Pangrazi RP, Petersen GW, Burkett LN, Schneider MJ.  Field testing of cardiorespiratory fitness in primary school children . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1978;;10:208-213.
25 +
Krahenbuhl GS, Pangrazi RP, Burkett LN, Schneider MJ, Peterson G.  Field estimation of Vo2max in children eight years of age . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1977;;9:37-40.
26 +
Disch J, Frankiewicz R, Jackson A.  Construct validation of distance run tests . Res Q Am Assoc Health Phys Educ . 1975;;46:169-176.
27 +
Davies CTM, Barnes C, Godfrey S.  Body composition and maximal exercise performance in children . Hum Biol . 1972;;44:195-214.
28 +
Woynarowska B.  The validity of indirect estimations of maximal oxygen uptake in children 11-12 years of age . Eur J Appl Physiol . 1980;;43:19-23.
29 +
Katch V.  Use of the oxygen/body weight ratio in correlation analysis: spurious correlations and statistical correlations . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1973;;5:253-257.
30 +
Bouchard C, Malina RM, Hollmann W, Leblanc C.  Relationships between skeletal maturity and submaximal working capacity in boys 8 to 18 years . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1976;;8:186-190.
31 +
Kemper HC, Versehuer R.  Relationship between biological age, habitual physical activity, and morphological psychological characteristics of 12 and 13 year old boys . Acta Paediatr Belg . 1974;; 28:191-203.

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References

1 +
Mitchell JH, Sproule BJ, Chapman CB.  The physiological meaning of the maximal oxygen intake test . J Clin Invest . 1958;;37:538-546.
2 +
Taylor HL, Buskirk E, Henschel A.  Maximal oxygen intake as an objective measure of cardiorespiratory performance . J Appl Physiol . 1955;; 8:73-80.
3 +
Bar-Or O. Pediatric Sports Medicine for the Practitioner . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc; 1983;.
4 +
Jackson AS, Coleman AE.  Validation of distance run tests for elementary school children . Res Q Exerc Sport . 1976;;47:86-94.
5 +
Maksud MG, Coutts KD.  Application of the Cooper twelve-minute run-walk test to young males . Res Q Am Assoc Health Phys Educ . 1971;;42:54-59.
6 +
Doolittle TL, Bigbee R.  The twelve-minute run-walk: a test of cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescent boys . Res Q Am Assoc Health Phys Educ . 1968;;39:491-495.
7 +
Metz KF, Alexander JF.  An investigation of the relationship between maximum aerobic work capacity and physical fitness in twelve to fifteen year-old boys . Res Q Exerc Sport . 1970;;41:75-81.
8 +
Gutin B, Fogle RK, Stewart K.  Relationship among submaximal heart rate, aerobic power, and running performance in children . Res Q Exerc Sport . 1976;;47:536-539.
9 +
Olree H, Stevens C, Nelson T, Agnevik C, Clark RT.  Evaluation of the AAHPER youth fitness test . J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 1965;;5:67-71.
10 +
Hollingshead AB. Two Factor Index of Social Position . New Haven, Conn: privately printed; 1965;.
11 +
Duke PM, Litt IF, Gross RT.  Adolescents' self-assessment of sexual maturation . Pediatrics . 1980;;66:918-920.
12 +
Parizkova J.  Total body fat and skinfold thickness in children . Metabolism . 1961;;10:794-807.
13 +
Siri WE.  Body composition from fluid spaces and density . In: Borzek J, Henschel A, eds. Techniques for Measuring Body Composition . Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1961;:223-224.
14 +
Pate RR, Blair SN.  Exercise and the prevention of atherosclerosis: pediatric complications . In: Strong WB, ed. Atherosclerosis: Its Pediatric Aspects . New York, NY: Grune & Stratton; 1978;:13.
15 +
Matsui H, Miyashita M, Miura M, Kobayashi K, Hoshikawa T, Kamei S.  Maximum oxygen intake and its relationship to body weight in Japanese adolescents . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1972;;4:27-32.
16 +
Andersen KL, Seliger V, Rutenfranz J, Mocellin R.  Physical performance capacity of children in Norway. Part I . Eur J Appi Physiol . 1974;;33:177-195.
17 +
Klissouras V.  Prediction of potential performance with special reference to heredity . J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 1973;;13:100-107.
18 +
Daniels J, Olridge N.  Changes in oxygen consumption of young boys during growth and running training . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1971;;3:161-165.
19 +
Wells CL, Scrutton EW, Archibald LD, Cooke WP, De La Mothe JW.  Physical working capacity and maximal oxygen uptake of teenaged athletes . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1973;;5:232-241.
20 +
McMiken DF.  Maximal aerobic power and physical dimensions of children . Ann Hum Biol . 1976;;3:141-147.
21 +
Cooper KH.  A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake . JAMA . 1968;;203:201-204.
22 +
Johnson DJ, Oliver RA, Terry JW.  Regression equation for prediction of performance in the twelve-minute run-walk test . J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 1979;;19:165-170.
23 +
Forbes GB. Human Body Composition: Growth, Aging, Nutrition, and Activity . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc; 1987;:72-85.
24 +
Krahenbuhl GS, Pangrazi RP, Petersen GW, Burkett LN, Schneider MJ.  Field testing of cardiorespiratory fitness in primary school children . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1978;;10:208-213.
25 +
Krahenbuhl GS, Pangrazi RP, Burkett LN, Schneider MJ, Peterson G.  Field estimation of Vo2max in children eight years of age . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1977;;9:37-40.
26 +
Disch J, Frankiewicz R, Jackson A.  Construct validation of distance run tests . Res Q Am Assoc Health Phys Educ . 1975;;46:169-176.
27 +
Davies CTM, Barnes C, Godfrey S.  Body composition and maximal exercise performance in children . Hum Biol . 1972;;44:195-214.
28 +
Woynarowska B.  The validity of indirect estimations of maximal oxygen uptake in children 11-12 years of age . Eur J Appl Physiol . 1980;;43:19-23.
29 +
Katch V.  Use of the oxygen/body weight ratio in correlation analysis: spurious correlations and statistical correlations . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1973;;5:253-257.
30 +
Bouchard C, Malina RM, Hollmann W, Leblanc C.  Relationships between skeletal maturity and submaximal working capacity in boys 8 to 18 years . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1976;;8:186-190.
31 +
Kemper HC, Versehuer R.  Relationship between biological age, habitual physical activity, and morphological psychological characteristics of 12 and 13 year old boys . Acta Paediatr Belg . 1974;; 28:191-203.

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