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December 1987, Vol 141, No. 12 >
Article | December 1987

Cerebellar Structure in Autism FREE

Gary R. Gaffney, MD; Luke Y. Tsai, MD; Samuel Kuperman, MD; Susan Minchin
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication July 28, 1987.

Reprint requests to the Department of Psychiatry, University of Kansas Medical Center, 39th and Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66103 (Dr Gaffney).


Am J Dis Child. 1987;141(12):1330-1332. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460120096044.
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References
Comments

• Several recent reports suggest cerebellar abnormalities in patients with autism. To further Investigate the posterior fossa in vivo, we analyzed axial (transverse) and coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of autistic patients. The MRI scans were measured at life-size by planimetry. Axial MRI scans of "high level" autistic patients were compared with control scans; there were no differences in the fourth ventricles, vermes, cerebella, and cerebellar-pontine "complexes" between the groups. Coronal MRI scans were also studied. In the coronal scans, the cerebella of autistic patients were proportionally smaller and the fourth ventricles proportionally larger. This suggests that there are morphologic changes in cerebella of autistic children; such alteration may best be viewed in the MRI coronal plane.

(AJDC 1987;141:1330-1332)

REFERENCES

1 +
Bauman M, Kemper TL:  Histoanatomic observations of the brain in early infantile autism Neurology 1985;;35:866-874.
2 +
Bauman ML, Kemper TL:  Developments cerebellar abnormalities: A consistent finding it early infantile autism . Neurology 1986;;36( (suppl 1) ):190.
3 +
Ritvo ER, Freeman BJ, Scheibel AB, et al:  Lower Purkinje cell counts in the cerebella of four autistic subjects: Initial findings of the UCLA-NSAC autopsy research report . Am J Psychiatry 1986;;143:862-866.
4 +
Williams RS, Hauser SL, Purpura DP, et al:  Autism and mental retardation . Neurology 1980;;37:749-753.
5 +
Damasio H, Maurer RG, Damasio A, et al:  Computerized tomographic scan findings in patients with autistic behavior . Arch Neurol 1980;;37:504-510.
6 +
Caparulo BK, Cohen DJ, Rothman SL, et al:  Computed tomographic brain scanning in children with developmental neuropsychiatric disorders . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1981;;20:338-357.
7 +
Rosenbloom S, Campbell M, George AE, et al:  High resolution CT scanning in infantile autism: A quantitative approach . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1984;;23:72-77.
8 +
Prior MR, Tress B, Hoffman WL, et al:  Computed tomography study of children with classic autism . Arch Neurol 1984;;41:482-484.
9 +
Harcherik DF, Cohen DJ, Ort S, et al:  Computed tomographic brain scanning in four neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood . Am J Psychiatry 1985;;142:731-734.
10 +
Creasey H, Rumsey JM, Schwartz M, et al:  Brain morphometry in autistic men as measured by volumetric computed tomography . Arch Neurol 1986;;43:669-672.
11 +
Bauman ML, LeMay M, Bauman RA, et al:  Computerized tomographic (CT) observations of the posterior fossa in early infantile autism . Neurology 1985;;35( (suppl 1) ):247.
12 +
Courchesne E, Hesselink JR, Jernigan TL, et al:  Abnormal neuroanatomy in a nonretarded person with autism . Arch Neurol 1987;;44:335-341.
13 +
Gaffney GR, Tsai LY:  Brief report: Magnetic resonance imaging of higher-level autism . J Autism Dev Disord 1987;;17:433-438.
14 +
Gaffney GR, Kuperman S, Tsai LY, et al: Midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging of autism. Br J Psychiatry, in press.
15 +
American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980;.
16 +
Blinkov SM, Glezer II: The Human Brain in Figures and Tables . New York, Plenum Publishing Corp, 1968;.
17 +
McCormick DA, Thompson RF:  Cerebellum: Essential involvement in the classically conditioned eyelid response . Science 1984;; 223:296-299.
18 +
Leaton RN, Supple WF:  Cerebellar vermis: Essential for long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response . Science 1986;;232:513-515.
19 +
Heath RG, Dempesy CW, Fontana CJ, et al:  Feedback loop between cerebellum and septal-hippocampal sites: Its role in emotion and epilepsy . Biol Psychiatry 1980;;15:541-556.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Bauman M, Kemper TL:  Histoanatomic observations of the brain in early infantile autism Neurology 1985;;35:866-874.
2 +
Bauman ML, Kemper TL:  Developments cerebellar abnormalities: A consistent finding it early infantile autism . Neurology 1986;;36( (suppl 1) ):190.
3 +
Ritvo ER, Freeman BJ, Scheibel AB, et al:  Lower Purkinje cell counts in the cerebella of four autistic subjects: Initial findings of the UCLA-NSAC autopsy research report . Am J Psychiatry 1986;;143:862-866.
4 +
Williams RS, Hauser SL, Purpura DP, et al:  Autism and mental retardation . Neurology 1980;;37:749-753.
5 +
Damasio H, Maurer RG, Damasio A, et al:  Computerized tomographic scan findings in patients with autistic behavior . Arch Neurol 1980;;37:504-510.
6 +
Caparulo BK, Cohen DJ, Rothman SL, et al:  Computed tomographic brain scanning in children with developmental neuropsychiatric disorders . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1981;;20:338-357.
7 +
Rosenbloom S, Campbell M, George AE, et al:  High resolution CT scanning in infantile autism: A quantitative approach . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1984;;23:72-77.
8 +
Prior MR, Tress B, Hoffman WL, et al:  Computed tomography study of children with classic autism . Arch Neurol 1984;;41:482-484.
9 +
Harcherik DF, Cohen DJ, Ort S, et al:  Computed tomographic brain scanning in four neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood . Am J Psychiatry 1985;;142:731-734.
10 +
Creasey H, Rumsey JM, Schwartz M, et al:  Brain morphometry in autistic men as measured by volumetric computed tomography . Arch Neurol 1986;;43:669-672.
11 +
Bauman ML, LeMay M, Bauman RA, et al:  Computerized tomographic (CT) observations of the posterior fossa in early infantile autism . Neurology 1985;;35( (suppl 1) ):247.
12 +
Courchesne E, Hesselink JR, Jernigan TL, et al:  Abnormal neuroanatomy in a nonretarded person with autism . Arch Neurol 1987;;44:335-341.
13 +
Gaffney GR, Tsai LY:  Brief report: Magnetic resonance imaging of higher-level autism . J Autism Dev Disord 1987;;17:433-438.
14 +
Gaffney GR, Kuperman S, Tsai LY, et al: Midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging of autism. Br J Psychiatry, in press.
15 +
American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980;.
16 +
Blinkov SM, Glezer II: The Human Brain in Figures and Tables . New York, Plenum Publishing Corp, 1968;.
17 +
McCormick DA, Thompson RF:  Cerebellum: Essential involvement in the classically conditioned eyelid response . Science 1984;; 223:296-299.
18 +
Leaton RN, Supple WF:  Cerebellar vermis: Essential for long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response . Science 1986;;232:513-515.
19 +
Heath RG, Dempesy CW, Fontana CJ, et al:  Feedback loop between cerebellum and septal-hippocampal sites: Its role in emotion and epilepsy . Biol Psychiatry 1980;;15:541-556.

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