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December 1987, Vol 141, No. 12 >
Article | December 1987

Early Attainment of Sex and Race Differences in Skeletal Mass FREE

Stanley M. Garn, Phd; Andrew K. Poznanski, MD
Am J Dis Child. 1987;141(12):1251-1252. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460120013009.
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Sir.—The study by Specker et al1 confirmed, through direct photon absorptiometry, what we previously learned about sex differences in the growth of the skeletal mass by measurement on roentgenograms (ie, "radiogrammetry"). Despite differences in biophysical measurements and in the bone sites surveyed (distal forearm vs second metacarpal), the trends are much the same. Though little boys are behind little girls in ossification timing and skeletal development, they have a larger bone mass, however it is measured. The two technical approaches are also parallel throughout the life cycle.2

In our work with many thousands of children, sex differences in bone size, cortical thickness, and cortical area are a consistent finding both for boys and for girls in a longitudinal growth program3 and for those studied in national surveys.4 This is also demonstrable in somewhat abridged form for 1163 white boys and girls who participated in the

REFERENCES

1 +
Specker BL, Brazerol W, Tsang RC, et al:  Bone mineral content in children 1 to 6 years of age: Detectable sex differences after 4 years of age . AJDC 1987;;141:343-344.
2 +
Garn SM, Shaw HA:  Extending the Trotter model of bone gain and bone loss . Yrbk Phys Anthropol 1976;;20:45-56.
3 +
Garn SM: The Earlier Gain and the Later Loss of Cortical Bone . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publishers, 1970;.
4 +
Garn SM:  The course of bone gain and the phases of bone loss . Orthop Clin North Am 1972;;3:503-520.
5 +
Garn SM, Poznanski AK, Larson KC:  Metacarpal lengths, cortical diameters and areas from the Ten-State Nutrition Survey including: Estimated skeletal weights, weight, and stature for whites, blacks, and Mexican-Americans , in Jaworski FG (ed): Proceedings of the First Workshop on Bone Morphometry . Ottawa, University of Ottawa Press, 1976;.
6 +
Poznanski AK: The Hand in Radiologic Diagnosis With Gamuts and Pattern Profiles , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1984;.
7 +
Garn SM, Poznanski AK, Nagy JM:  Bone measurement in the differential diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis . Radiology 1971;;100: 509-518.
8 +
Garn SM, Leonard WR, Poznanski AK:  Applications of the pattern variability index (σz) to the quantification of dysmorphogenesis in the hand . Am J Med Genet 1987;;26:143-152.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Specker BL, Brazerol W, Tsang RC, et al:  Bone mineral content in children 1 to 6 years of age: Detectable sex differences after 4 years of age . AJDC 1987;;141:343-344.
2 +
Garn SM, Shaw HA:  Extending the Trotter model of bone gain and bone loss . Yrbk Phys Anthropol 1976;;20:45-56.
3 +
Garn SM: The Earlier Gain and the Later Loss of Cortical Bone . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publishers, 1970;.
4 +
Garn SM:  The course of bone gain and the phases of bone loss . Orthop Clin North Am 1972;;3:503-520.
5 +
Garn SM, Poznanski AK, Larson KC:  Metacarpal lengths, cortical diameters and areas from the Ten-State Nutrition Survey including: Estimated skeletal weights, weight, and stature for whites, blacks, and Mexican-Americans , in Jaworski FG (ed): Proceedings of the First Workshop on Bone Morphometry . Ottawa, University of Ottawa Press, 1976;.
6 +
Poznanski AK: The Hand in Radiologic Diagnosis With Gamuts and Pattern Profiles , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1984;.
7 +
Garn SM, Poznanski AK, Nagy JM:  Bone measurement in the differential diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis . Radiology 1971;;100: 509-518.
8 +
Garn SM, Leonard WR, Poznanski AK:  Applications of the pattern variability index (σz) to the quantification of dysmorphogenesis in the hand . Am J Med Genet 1987;;26:143-152.

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