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September 1986, Vol 140, No. 9 >
Article | September 1986

Anaerobic Threshold as a Predictor of Athletic Performance in Prepubertal Female Runners FREE

Nathan J. Smith, MD; Carl L. Stanitski, MD; Paul G. Dyment, MD; Ronald E. Smith, PhD; William B. Strong, MD; Robert R. Wolfe, MD; Reginald Washington, MD; Elaine Daberkow, RN, MSN; James R. Murphy, PhD; Homer L. Brammel, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication May 6, 1986.

Reprint requests to 4200 E Ninth Ave, Box C220, Denver, CO 80262 (Dr Wolfe).


Am J Dis Child. 1986;140(9):922-924. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140230092041.
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References
Comments

Interest in pediatric ergometric parameters as predictors of athletic performance has increased parallel to the dramatic increase in childhood competitive sports. In adult athletes, anaerobic threshold (AT) appears to be more predictive of performance rank (PR) than maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2max).1 For reasons yet to be defined, prepubertal children are felt to have less anaerobic capacity than adults.2 The predictive value of AT vs oxygen consumption (V̇o2) of PR in ten prepubertal female cross-country runners was evaluated.

METHODS 

Subjects  Parental informed consent was given to evaluate ten highly conditioned female cross-country runners, aged 10 to 13 years and Tanner stage 0, after a season of competition. Their training schedule had consisted of four 1½-hour workouts per week for three months. Each workout included running four intermittent 440-yd (402-m) distances at race pace interspersed with a jogging pace and finishing with a 3-mile (4.8-km) run at

REFERENCES

1 +
Sjodin B, Jacobs I:  Onset of blood lactate accumulation and marathon running performance . Int J Sports Med 1981;;2:23-26.
2 +
Bar-Or O:  The growth and development of children's physiologic and perceptional responses to exercise , in Ilmavinen J, Valimaki I (eds): Children and Sport . New York, Springer-Verlag, 1984;, pp 3-15.
3 +
Bruce RA, Blackmon JR, Jones JW, et al:  Exercise testing in adult normal subjects and cardiac patients . Pediatrics 1963;;32( (suppl) ):742.
4 +
Wasserman K, Whipp BJ:  Exercise physiology in health and disease . Am Rev Respir Dis 1975;;112( (August) suppl):219-249.
5 +
Matsumura N, Nishijiwa H, Kojima S, et al:  Determination of anaerobic threshold for assessment of functional state in patients with chronic heart failure . Circulation 1983;;68:360-367.
6 +
Kendall MG: Rank Correlation Methods , ed 3. New York, Macmillan Publishing Co, 1962;.
7 +
Robinson S:  Experimental studies of physical fitness in relation to age . Int Z Angew Physiol 1938;;10:251-323.
8 +
Astrand PO: Experimental Studies of Physical Working Capacity in Relation to Sex and Age . Copenhagen, Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd, 1952;.
9 +
Astrand PO:  Human physical fitness with special reference to sex and age . Physiol Rev 1956;;36:307.
10 +
Astrand PO, Rodahl K: Textbook of Work Physiology , ed 2. New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1977;, p 407.
11 +
Costill DL, Branam G, Eddy D, et al:  Determination of marathon running success . Int Z Angew Physiol Einsch Arbeitsphysiol 1971;; 29:249-254.
12 +
Costill DL, Ihomason H, Roberts E:  Fractional utilization of the aerobic capacity during distance running . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1973;;5: 248-252.
13 +
Davis JA, Frank MH, Whipp BJ, et al:  Anaerobic threshold alterations caused by endurance training in middle-aged men . J Appl Physiol 1979;;46:1039-1046.
14 +
Rusko H, Rahkila P, Karvinen E:  Anaerobic threshold skeletal muscle enzymes and fiber composition in young female cross-country skiers . Acta Physiol Scand 1980;;108:263-268.
15 +
Rhodes EC, McKenzie DC:  Predicting marathon time from anaerobic threshold measurements . Phys Sports Med 1984;;12:95-98.
16 +
Conconi F, Ferrari M, Ziglio PG, et al:  Determination of anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners . J Appl Physiol 1982;; 52:869-873.
17 +
Farrell PA, Wilmore JH, Coyle EF, et al:  Plasma lactate accumulation and distance running performance Med Sci Sports Exerc 1979;;11: 338-344.
18 +
Cumming GR, Goodwin A, Baggley G, et al:  Repeated measurements of aerobic capacity during a week of intensive training at a youths' track camp . Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1967;;45: 805-811.
19 +
Daniels N, Oldridge N:  Changes in oxygen consumption of young boys during growth and running training . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1971;;3: 161-165.
20 +
Daniels N, Oldridge N, Nagle F, et al:  Differences and changes in V̇o2 among young runners 10 to 18 years of age . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1978;;10:200-203.
21 +
Mocellin R, Wasmud U:  Investigations on the influence of a running training programme on the cardiovascular and motor performance capacity in 53 boys and girls of a second and third primary school class , in Bar-Or O (ed): Pediatric Work Physiology: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Pediatric Work . Netanya, Israel, Wingate Institute, 1973;, pp 279-285.
22 +
Stewart KJ, Gutin B:  The effects of physical training on cardiorespiratory fitness in children . Res Q Exerc Sports 1976;;47:110-120.
23 +
Yoshida T, Ishiko T, Muraoka I:  Effect of endurance training on cardiorespiratory functions of 5-year-old children . Int J Sports Med 1980;;1:91-94.
24 +
Gaisl G, Buchberger J:  Changes in aerobicanaerobic transition in boys after three years of special physical education , in Ilmavinen J, Valimaki I (eds): Children and Sport . New York, Springer-Verlag, 1984;, pp 156-161.
25 +
Kobayashi K, Kitamura K, Miura M, et al:  Aerobic power as related to body growth and training in Japanese boys: A longitudinal study . J Appl Physiol 1978;;44:666-672.
26 +
Mayers N, Gutin B:  Physiological characteristics of elite prepubertal cross-country runners . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1979;;11:172-176.
27 +
Ilmavinen CH, Nygard PV, Karlsson J:  Heart rate and blood lactate level of 8- to 12-year-old boys and girls during cross-country ski competitions , in Ilmavinen J, Valimaki I (eds): Children and Sport . New York, Springer-Verlag, 1984;, pp 189-195.
28 +
Cooper DM, Weiler RD, Whipp BJ, et al:  Aerobic parameters of exercise as a function of body size during growth in children . J Appl Physiol 1984;;56:628-634.
29 +
Yeh MP, Gardner RM, Adams TO, et al:  Anaerobic threshold: Problems of determination and validation . J Appl Physiol 1983;;55:1178-1186.
30 +
Wasserman K:  The anaerobic threshold measurement to evaluate exercise performance . Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;;129( (suppl) ):535-540.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

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References

1 +
Sjodin B, Jacobs I:  Onset of blood lactate accumulation and marathon running performance . Int J Sports Med 1981;;2:23-26.
2 +
Bar-Or O:  The growth and development of children's physiologic and perceptional responses to exercise , in Ilmavinen J, Valimaki I (eds): Children and Sport . New York, Springer-Verlag, 1984;, pp 3-15.
3 +
Bruce RA, Blackmon JR, Jones JW, et al:  Exercise testing in adult normal subjects and cardiac patients . Pediatrics 1963;;32( (suppl) ):742.
4 +
Wasserman K, Whipp BJ:  Exercise physiology in health and disease . Am Rev Respir Dis 1975;;112( (August) suppl):219-249.
5 +
Matsumura N, Nishijiwa H, Kojima S, et al:  Determination of anaerobic threshold for assessment of functional state in patients with chronic heart failure . Circulation 1983;;68:360-367.
6 +
Kendall MG: Rank Correlation Methods , ed 3. New York, Macmillan Publishing Co, 1962;.
7 +
Robinson S:  Experimental studies of physical fitness in relation to age . Int Z Angew Physiol 1938;;10:251-323.
8 +
Astrand PO: Experimental Studies of Physical Working Capacity in Relation to Sex and Age . Copenhagen, Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd, 1952;.
9 +
Astrand PO:  Human physical fitness with special reference to sex and age . Physiol Rev 1956;;36:307.
10 +
Astrand PO, Rodahl K: Textbook of Work Physiology , ed 2. New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1977;, p 407.
11 +
Costill DL, Branam G, Eddy D, et al:  Determination of marathon running success . Int Z Angew Physiol Einsch Arbeitsphysiol 1971;; 29:249-254.
12 +
Costill DL, Ihomason H, Roberts E:  Fractional utilization of the aerobic capacity during distance running . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1973;;5: 248-252.
13 +
Davis JA, Frank MH, Whipp BJ, et al:  Anaerobic threshold alterations caused by endurance training in middle-aged men . J Appl Physiol 1979;;46:1039-1046.
14 +
Rusko H, Rahkila P, Karvinen E:  Anaerobic threshold skeletal muscle enzymes and fiber composition in young female cross-country skiers . Acta Physiol Scand 1980;;108:263-268.
15 +
Rhodes EC, McKenzie DC:  Predicting marathon time from anaerobic threshold measurements . Phys Sports Med 1984;;12:95-98.
16 +
Conconi F, Ferrari M, Ziglio PG, et al:  Determination of anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners . J Appl Physiol 1982;; 52:869-873.
17 +
Farrell PA, Wilmore JH, Coyle EF, et al:  Plasma lactate accumulation and distance running performance Med Sci Sports Exerc 1979;;11: 338-344.
18 +
Cumming GR, Goodwin A, Baggley G, et al:  Repeated measurements of aerobic capacity during a week of intensive training at a youths' track camp . Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1967;;45: 805-811.
19 +
Daniels N, Oldridge N:  Changes in oxygen consumption of young boys during growth and running training . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1971;;3: 161-165.
20 +
Daniels N, Oldridge N, Nagle F, et al:  Differences and changes in V̇o2 among young runners 10 to 18 years of age . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1978;;10:200-203.
21 +
Mocellin R, Wasmud U:  Investigations on the influence of a running training programme on the cardiovascular and motor performance capacity in 53 boys and girls of a second and third primary school class , in Bar-Or O (ed): Pediatric Work Physiology: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Pediatric Work . Netanya, Israel, Wingate Institute, 1973;, pp 279-285.
22 +
Stewart KJ, Gutin B:  The effects of physical training on cardiorespiratory fitness in children . Res Q Exerc Sports 1976;;47:110-120.
23 +
Yoshida T, Ishiko T, Muraoka I:  Effect of endurance training on cardiorespiratory functions of 5-year-old children . Int J Sports Med 1980;;1:91-94.
24 +
Gaisl G, Buchberger J:  Changes in aerobicanaerobic transition in boys after three years of special physical education , in Ilmavinen J, Valimaki I (eds): Children and Sport . New York, Springer-Verlag, 1984;, pp 156-161.
25 +
Kobayashi K, Kitamura K, Miura M, et al:  Aerobic power as related to body growth and training in Japanese boys: A longitudinal study . J Appl Physiol 1978;;44:666-672.
26 +
Mayers N, Gutin B:  Physiological characteristics of elite prepubertal cross-country runners . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1979;;11:172-176.
27 +
Ilmavinen CH, Nygard PV, Karlsson J:  Heart rate and blood lactate level of 8- to 12-year-old boys and girls during cross-country ski competitions , in Ilmavinen J, Valimaki I (eds): Children and Sport . New York, Springer-Verlag, 1984;, pp 189-195.
28 +
Cooper DM, Weiler RD, Whipp BJ, et al:  Aerobic parameters of exercise as a function of body size during growth in children . J Appl Physiol 1984;;56:628-634.
29 +
Yeh MP, Gardner RM, Adams TO, et al:  Anaerobic threshold: Problems of determination and validation . J Appl Physiol 1983;;55:1178-1186.
30 +
Wasserman K:  The anaerobic threshold measurement to evaluate exercise performance . Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;;129( (suppl) ):535-540.

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