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April 1986, Vol 140, No. 4 >
Article | April 1986

Immune Response of Infants and Children to Low-Passage Bovine Rotavirus (Strain WC3) FREE

H Fred Clark, DVM, PhD; Toru Furukawa, MD; Louis M. Bell, MD; Paul A. Offit, MD; Pauline A. Perrella; Stanley A. Plotkin, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication Dec 12, 1985.

Reprint requests to Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Dr Clark).


Am J Dis Child. 1986;140(4):350-356. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140180084030.
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References
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• A bovine rotavirus (strain WC3) was isolated from a calf in Pennsylvania and adapted to growth in continuous Cercopithecus cell line CV1. A pool for human vaccine trials was produced at the 12th cell culture passage level. After preliminary testing in adults and older children, a dose of 3×107 plaque-forming units was given by mouth to 52 infants and children aged 5 months to 6 years. No clinical sequelae were detected, and shedding in feces was detected in only 30% of tested infants. A serum-neutralizing antibody response was induced in 95% of 21 infants aged 5 to 11 months; response rates were slightly reduced in older infants. The antibody response was primarily directed toward bovine rotavirus, but a response to human serotype 3 rotavirus was also observed in approximately 50% of vaccinees. After vaccination with WC3, infants with preexisting antibody to rotaviruses of human serotype 1 or 3 frequently exhibited a booster response to those serotypes. WC3 is a candidate rotaviral vaccine deserving larger trials in children.

(AJDC 1986;140:350-356)

REFERENCES

1 +
Barnett B:  Viral gastroenteritis: Symposium on Medical Virology . Med Clin North Am 1983;;67:1031-1058.
2 +
Blacklow NR, Cukor G:  Viral gastroenteritis . N Engl J Med 1981;;304:397-406.
3 +
Black RE, Brown KH, Becker S, et al:  Longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and physical growth of children in rural Bangladesh . Am J Epidemiol 1982;;115:315-324.
4 +
Hull BP, Spence I, Bassett D, et al:  The relative importance of rotavirus and other pathogens in the etiology of gastroenteritis in Trinidadian children . Am J Trop Med Hyg 1982;;31: 142-148.
5 +
Estes MK, Palmer EL, Obijeski JF:  Rotaviruses: A review . Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1983;;105:124-184.
6 +
Woode GN, Bridger JC, Jones JM, et al:  Morphological and antigenic relationships between viruses (rotaviruses) from acute gastroenteritis of children, calves, piglets, mice and foals . Infect Immunol 1976;;14:804-810.
7 +
Wyatt RG, Mebus CA, Yolken RH, et al:  Rotaviral immunity in gnotobiotic calves: Heterologous resistance to human virus induced by bovine virus . Science 1979;;203:548-550.
8 +
Zissis G, Lambert JP, Marbehant P, et al:  Protection studies in colostrum-deprived piglets of a bovine rotavirus vaccine candidate using human rotavirus strains for challenge . J Infect Dis 1983;;149:1061-1068.
9 +
Kapikian AZ, Wyatt RG, Greenberg HG, et al:  Approaches to immunization of infants and young children against gastroenteritis due to rotavirus . Rev Infect Dis 1980;;2:459-469.
10 +
Mebus CA, Kono M, Underdahl NR, et al:  Cell culture propagation of neonatal calf diarrhea (scours) virus . Can Vet J 1971;;12:69-72.
11 +
Clark HF, Offit PA, Dolan KT, et al:  Response of adult human volunteers to oral administration of bovine and bovine-human reassortant rotaviruses . Vaccine 1986;;4:25-31.
12 +
Vesikari T, Maki M, Isolauri E:  Epidemiologic background for the need of rotavirus vaccine in Finland: Preliminary experience of RIT 4237 strain of live attenuated rotavirus vaccine in adults . Dev Biol Standard 1983;;53:229-236.
13 +
Delem A, Lobmann M, Zygraich N:  A bovine rotavirus developed as a candidate vaccine for use in humans . J Biol Standard 1984;;12: 443-445.
14 +
Vesikari T, Isolauri E, Delem A, et al:  Immunogenicity and safety of live oral attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine strain RIT 4237 in adults and young children . Lancet 1983;;2:807-811.
15 +
Vesikari T, Isolauri E, André FE, et al:  Protection of infants against human rotavirus diarrhea by the RIT 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine , in Lerner RA, Chanock RM, Brown F (eds): Vaccines 85 . Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1985;, pp 369-372.
16 +
Vesikari T, Isolauri E, D'Hondt E, et al:  Protection of infants against rotavirus diarrhoea by RIT 4237 attenuated bovine rotavirus strain vaccine . Lancet 1984;;1:977-981.
17 +
Vesikari T, Isolauri E, D'Hondt E, et al:  Increased 'take' rate of oral rotavirus vaccine in infants after milk feeding . Lancet 1984;;2:700.
18 +
Thouless ME, Bryden AS, Flewett TH, et al:  Serological relationships between rotaviruses from different species as studied by complement fixation and neutralization . Arch Virol 1977;;53:287-294.
19 +
McNulty MS, Allan GM, McFerran JB:  Cell culture studies with a cytopathic bovine rotavirus . Arch Virol 1977;;54:201-209.
20 +
Sato K, Inaba Y, Shinozaki T, et al:  Isolation of human rotavirus in cell cultures . Arch Virol 1981;;69:155-160.
21 +
Babiuk LA, Mohammed K, Spence L, et al:  Rotavirus isolation and cultivation in the presence of trypsin . J Clin Microbiol 1977;;6:610-617.
22 +
Offit PA, Clark HF, Plotkin SA:  Response of mice to rotaviruses of bovine or primate origin assessed by radioimmunoassay, radioimmunoprecipitation, and plaque reduction neutralization . Infect Immunol 1983;;42:293-300.
23 +
Clark HF, Dolan KT, Horton-Slight P, et al:  Diverse serological response to rotavirus infection of infants in a single epidemic . Pediatr Infect Dis 1985;;4:626-631.
24 +
Dolan KT, Twist EM, Horton-Slight P, et al:  Epidemiology of rotavirus electropherotypes determined by a simplified diagnostic technique with RNA analysis . J Clin Microbiol 1985;;21:753-758.
25 +
MacPherson I, Stoker M:  Polyoma transformation of hamster cell clones: An investigation of genetic factors affecting cell competence . Virology 1962;;16:147-151.
26 +
Offit PA, Clark HF, Stroop WG, et al:  The cultivation of human rotavirus strain Wa to high titer in cell culture and characterization of the viral structural polypeptides . J Virol Methods 1983;;7:29-40.
27 +
Urasawa S, Urasawa T, Chiba S:  Serotype determination of human rotavirus isolates and antibody prevalence in pediatric population in Hokkaido, Japan . Arch Virol 1984;;81:1-12.
28 +
Vesikari T:  Progress in rotavirus vaccination . Pediatr Infect Dis 1985;;4:612-614.
29 +
Weiss C, Clark HF: Rapid inactivation of rotaviruses by exposure to acid buffer or acidic gastric juice. J Gen Virol, in press.
30 +
Stuker G, Oshiro L, Schmidt NJ:  Antigenic composition of two new rotaviruses from rhesus monkeys . J Clin Microbiol 1980;;11:202-203.
31 +
Kapikian AZ, Midthun K, Hoshino Y, et al:  Rhesus rotavirus: A candidate vaccine for prevention of human rotavirus disease , in Lerner RA, Chanock RM, Brown F (eds): Vaccines 85 . Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1985;, pp 357-367.
32 +
Offit PA, Clark HF:  Protection against rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis in a murine model by passively acquired gastrointestinal but not circulating antibodies . J Virol 1985;;54:58-64.
33 +
Offit PA, Clark HF:  Maternal antibodymediated protection against gastroenteritis in newborn mice is dependent on both serotype and titer of antibody . J Infect Dis 1985;;152:1152-1158.
34 +
Taniguchi K, Urasawa S, Urasawa T:  Preparation and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with different reactivity patterns to human rotaviruses . J Gen Virol 1985;; 66:1045-1053.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Barnett B:  Viral gastroenteritis: Symposium on Medical Virology . Med Clin North Am 1983;;67:1031-1058.
2 +
Blacklow NR, Cukor G:  Viral gastroenteritis . N Engl J Med 1981;;304:397-406.
3 +
Black RE, Brown KH, Becker S, et al:  Longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and physical growth of children in rural Bangladesh . Am J Epidemiol 1982;;115:315-324.
4 +
Hull BP, Spence I, Bassett D, et al:  The relative importance of rotavirus and other pathogens in the etiology of gastroenteritis in Trinidadian children . Am J Trop Med Hyg 1982;;31: 142-148.
5 +
Estes MK, Palmer EL, Obijeski JF:  Rotaviruses: A review . Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1983;;105:124-184.
6 +
Woode GN, Bridger JC, Jones JM, et al:  Morphological and antigenic relationships between viruses (rotaviruses) from acute gastroenteritis of children, calves, piglets, mice and foals . Infect Immunol 1976;;14:804-810.
7 +
Wyatt RG, Mebus CA, Yolken RH, et al:  Rotaviral immunity in gnotobiotic calves: Heterologous resistance to human virus induced by bovine virus . Science 1979;;203:548-550.
8 +
Zissis G, Lambert JP, Marbehant P, et al:  Protection studies in colostrum-deprived piglets of a bovine rotavirus vaccine candidate using human rotavirus strains for challenge . J Infect Dis 1983;;149:1061-1068.
9 +
Kapikian AZ, Wyatt RG, Greenberg HG, et al:  Approaches to immunization of infants and young children against gastroenteritis due to rotavirus . Rev Infect Dis 1980;;2:459-469.
10 +
Mebus CA, Kono M, Underdahl NR, et al:  Cell culture propagation of neonatal calf diarrhea (scours) virus . Can Vet J 1971;;12:69-72.
11 +
Clark HF, Offit PA, Dolan KT, et al:  Response of adult human volunteers to oral administration of bovine and bovine-human reassortant rotaviruses . Vaccine 1986;;4:25-31.
12 +
Vesikari T, Maki M, Isolauri E:  Epidemiologic background for the need of rotavirus vaccine in Finland: Preliminary experience of RIT 4237 strain of live attenuated rotavirus vaccine in adults . Dev Biol Standard 1983;;53:229-236.
13 +
Delem A, Lobmann M, Zygraich N:  A bovine rotavirus developed as a candidate vaccine for use in humans . J Biol Standard 1984;;12: 443-445.
14 +
Vesikari T, Isolauri E, Delem A, et al:  Immunogenicity and safety of live oral attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine strain RIT 4237 in adults and young children . Lancet 1983;;2:807-811.
15 +
Vesikari T, Isolauri E, André FE, et al:  Protection of infants against human rotavirus diarrhea by the RIT 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine , in Lerner RA, Chanock RM, Brown F (eds): Vaccines 85 . Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1985;, pp 369-372.
16 +
Vesikari T, Isolauri E, D'Hondt E, et al:  Protection of infants against rotavirus diarrhoea by RIT 4237 attenuated bovine rotavirus strain vaccine . Lancet 1984;;1:977-981.
17 +
Vesikari T, Isolauri E, D'Hondt E, et al:  Increased 'take' rate of oral rotavirus vaccine in infants after milk feeding . Lancet 1984;;2:700.
18 +
Thouless ME, Bryden AS, Flewett TH, et al:  Serological relationships between rotaviruses from different species as studied by complement fixation and neutralization . Arch Virol 1977;;53:287-294.
19 +
McNulty MS, Allan GM, McFerran JB:  Cell culture studies with a cytopathic bovine rotavirus . Arch Virol 1977;;54:201-209.
20 +
Sato K, Inaba Y, Shinozaki T, et al:  Isolation of human rotavirus in cell cultures . Arch Virol 1981;;69:155-160.
21 +
Babiuk LA, Mohammed K, Spence L, et al:  Rotavirus isolation and cultivation in the presence of trypsin . J Clin Microbiol 1977;;6:610-617.
22 +
Offit PA, Clark HF, Plotkin SA:  Response of mice to rotaviruses of bovine or primate origin assessed by radioimmunoassay, radioimmunoprecipitation, and plaque reduction neutralization . Infect Immunol 1983;;42:293-300.
23 +
Clark HF, Dolan KT, Horton-Slight P, et al:  Diverse serological response to rotavirus infection of infants in a single epidemic . Pediatr Infect Dis 1985;;4:626-631.
24 +
Dolan KT, Twist EM, Horton-Slight P, et al:  Epidemiology of rotavirus electropherotypes determined by a simplified diagnostic technique with RNA analysis . J Clin Microbiol 1985;;21:753-758.
25 +
MacPherson I, Stoker M:  Polyoma transformation of hamster cell clones: An investigation of genetic factors affecting cell competence . Virology 1962;;16:147-151.
26 +
Offit PA, Clark HF, Stroop WG, et al:  The cultivation of human rotavirus strain Wa to high titer in cell culture and characterization of the viral structural polypeptides . J Virol Methods 1983;;7:29-40.
27 +
Urasawa S, Urasawa T, Chiba S:  Serotype determination of human rotavirus isolates and antibody prevalence in pediatric population in Hokkaido, Japan . Arch Virol 1984;;81:1-12.
28 +
Vesikari T:  Progress in rotavirus vaccination . Pediatr Infect Dis 1985;;4:612-614.
29 +
Weiss C, Clark HF: Rapid inactivation of rotaviruses by exposure to acid buffer or acidic gastric juice. J Gen Virol, in press.
30 +
Stuker G, Oshiro L, Schmidt NJ:  Antigenic composition of two new rotaviruses from rhesus monkeys . J Clin Microbiol 1980;;11:202-203.
31 +
Kapikian AZ, Midthun K, Hoshino Y, et al:  Rhesus rotavirus: A candidate vaccine for prevention of human rotavirus disease , in Lerner RA, Chanock RM, Brown F (eds): Vaccines 85 . Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1985;, pp 357-367.
32 +
Offit PA, Clark HF:  Protection against rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis in a murine model by passively acquired gastrointestinal but not circulating antibodies . J Virol 1985;;54:58-64.
33 +
Offit PA, Clark HF:  Maternal antibodymediated protection against gastroenteritis in newborn mice is dependent on both serotype and titer of antibody . J Infect Dis 1985;;152:1152-1158.
34 +
Taniguchi K, Urasawa S, Urasawa T:  Preparation and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with different reactivity patterns to human rotaviruses . J Gen Virol 1985;; 66:1045-1053.

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