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February 1986, Vol 140, No. 2 >
Article | February 1986

Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Small, Seriously Ill Infants FREE

Shehla H. Naqvi, MB, BS; William J. Keenan, MD; Richard M. Reichley, RPh; Kirk P. Fortune
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication Oct 14, 1985.

Presented in part before the Third Annual Meeting of the Midwest Society for Pediatric Research, Chicago, Nov 2, 1984.

Reprint requests to Department of Pediatrics/Adolescent Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine, 1465 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 (Dr Naqvi).


Am J Dis Child. 1986;140(2):107-110. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140160025021.
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References
Comments

• Twenty vancomycin pharmacokinetic studies were performed on 17 small infants who were receiving the antibiotic for treatment of documented infections. Fourteen patients were less than or equal to 41 weeks' postconception. In this group there was no statistical difference in mean elimination rate, volume of distribution, or clearance between neonates and infants 4 to 8 weeks of age. However, they had significantly lower clearance and prolonged mean β—half-life than infants who were 3 to 6 months old (>43 weeks' postconception). Vancomycin clearance was directly related to postconceptional age by linear regression analysis. β—Half-life was influenced by the weight of the patient, volume of distribution, and gestational age. In view of the interpatient variability observed in the prematurely born infants, pharmacokinetic studies should be performed to determine the appropriate dose and intervals in vancomycin therapy.

(AJDC 1986;140:107-110.

REFERENCES

1 +
Dunkle LM, Naqvi SH, McCallum R, et al:  Eradication of epidemic methicillin-gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care nursery . Am J Med 1981;;70:455-458.
2 +
Crossley K, Landesman B, Zaske D:  An outbreak of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides: II. Epidemiologic studies . J Infect Dis 1979;;139:280-286.
3 +
Schaad UB, McCracken GH Jr, Nelson JD:  Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of vancomycin in pediatric patients . J Pediatr 1980;;96:119-126.
4 +
Alpert G, Campos JM, Harris MC, et al:  Vancomycin dosage in pediatrics reconsidered . AJDC 1984;;138:20-22.
5 +
Mercier JC, Bingen E, Lambert-Zechovsky N et al: Assessment of serum vancomycin levels in newborns and children with severe staphylococcal infections, abstract 491. Programs and abstracts of the 24th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, DC, Oct 8-10, 1984.
6 +
Ackerson B, Bruckner D, Hindler J, et al:  Vancomycin dosage in pre-term infants , abstracted. Clin Res 1985;;33:113A.
7 +
Gross JR, Kaplan SL, Kramer WG, et al:  Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in premature infants . Pediatr Pharmacol 1985;;5:17-22.
8 +
Brown N, Ho DHW, Fong KLL, et al:  Effects of hepatic function on vancomycin clinical pharmacology . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983;;23:603-609.
9 +
Flores L, O'Sheal S, Guss SP, et al: Importance of vancomycin levels in burn patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, abstract 1055. Programs and abstracts of the 23rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Las Vegas, Oct 24-26, 1983.
10 +
McClain JBL, Bongiovanni R, Brown S:  Vancomycin quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography in human serum . J Chromatogr 1982;;231:463-466.
11 +
Sawchuk RJ, Zaske DE:  Pharmacokinetics of dosing regimens which utilize multiple intravenous infusions: Gentamicin in burn patients . J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1976;;4:183-195.
12 +
Leakes RD, Teygstad CW:  Inulin clearance in the newborn infant: Relationship to gestational and postnatal age . Pediatr Res 1976;;10:759.
13 +
Arant BS:  Developmental patterns of renal functional maturation compared in the human neonate . J Pediatr 1978;;92:705.
14 +
Kasik JW, Jenkins S, Leuschen MP, et al:  Postconceptional age and gentamicin elimination half-life . J Pediatr 1985;;106:502-505.
15 +
Cook FV, Farrar WE:  Vancomycin revisted . Ann Intern Med 1978;;88:813-818.
16 +
Zaske DE, Cipolle RJ, RotschaferJC, et al:  Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in 1,640 patients: Method for control of serum concentrations . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982;;21:407-411.
17 +
Traber PG, Levine DP:  Vancomycin ototoxicity in a patient with normal renal function . Ann Intern Med 1981;;95:458-460.
18 +
Farber BF, Moellering RC Jr:  Retrospective study of the toxicity of preparations of vancomycin from 1974 to 1981 . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983;;23:138-141.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Dunkle LM, Naqvi SH, McCallum R, et al:  Eradication of epidemic methicillin-gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care nursery . Am J Med 1981;;70:455-458.
2 +
Crossley K, Landesman B, Zaske D:  An outbreak of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides: II. Epidemiologic studies . J Infect Dis 1979;;139:280-286.
3 +
Schaad UB, McCracken GH Jr, Nelson JD:  Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of vancomycin in pediatric patients . J Pediatr 1980;;96:119-126.
4 +
Alpert G, Campos JM, Harris MC, et al:  Vancomycin dosage in pediatrics reconsidered . AJDC 1984;;138:20-22.
5 +
Mercier JC, Bingen E, Lambert-Zechovsky N et al: Assessment of serum vancomycin levels in newborns and children with severe staphylococcal infections, abstract 491. Programs and abstracts of the 24th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, DC, Oct 8-10, 1984.
6 +
Ackerson B, Bruckner D, Hindler J, et al:  Vancomycin dosage in pre-term infants , abstracted. Clin Res 1985;;33:113A.
7 +
Gross JR, Kaplan SL, Kramer WG, et al:  Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in premature infants . Pediatr Pharmacol 1985;;5:17-22.
8 +
Brown N, Ho DHW, Fong KLL, et al:  Effects of hepatic function on vancomycin clinical pharmacology . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983;;23:603-609.
9 +
Flores L, O'Sheal S, Guss SP, et al: Importance of vancomycin levels in burn patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, abstract 1055. Programs and abstracts of the 23rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Las Vegas, Oct 24-26, 1983.
10 +
McClain JBL, Bongiovanni R, Brown S:  Vancomycin quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography in human serum . J Chromatogr 1982;;231:463-466.
11 +
Sawchuk RJ, Zaske DE:  Pharmacokinetics of dosing regimens which utilize multiple intravenous infusions: Gentamicin in burn patients . J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1976;;4:183-195.
12 +
Leakes RD, Teygstad CW:  Inulin clearance in the newborn infant: Relationship to gestational and postnatal age . Pediatr Res 1976;;10:759.
13 +
Arant BS:  Developmental patterns of renal functional maturation compared in the human neonate . J Pediatr 1978;;92:705.
14 +
Kasik JW, Jenkins S, Leuschen MP, et al:  Postconceptional age and gentamicin elimination half-life . J Pediatr 1985;;106:502-505.
15 +
Cook FV, Farrar WE:  Vancomycin revisted . Ann Intern Med 1978;;88:813-818.
16 +
Zaske DE, Cipolle RJ, RotschaferJC, et al:  Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in 1,640 patients: Method for control of serum concentrations . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982;;21:407-411.
17 +
Traber PG, Levine DP:  Vancomycin ototoxicity in a patient with normal renal function . Ann Intern Med 1981;;95:458-460.
18 +
Farber BF, Moellering RC Jr:  Retrospective study of the toxicity of preparations of vancomycin from 1974 to 1981 . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983;;23:138-141.

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