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April 1985, Vol 139, No. 4 >
Article | April 1985

Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Antibodies FREE

David S. Chudwin, MD; Diane W. Wara, MD; Gerald Schiffman, PhD; Sharon G. Artrip, MS; Arthur J. Ammann, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Rush–Presbyterian–St Luke's Medical Center, 1753 W Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL 60612 (Dr Chudwin).


Am J Dis Child. 1985;139(4):378-380. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140060060029.
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• Maternal-fetal transfer of IgG antibodies is an important host defense for newborns, who have an increased incidence of bacterial infections. To study the transfer of specific pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) antibodies, we measured the concentrations, in 30 paired maternal and cord serum samples, of IgG and IgM by radial immunodiffusion, of serotype 7F Streptococcus pneumoniae PPS antibodies by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay, and of opsonic activity to that organism by a radiolabeled bacterial uptake assay. Cord serum had significantly greater total IgG, yet significantly less type 7F PPS IgG antibodies and opsonic activity than maternal serum. Cord serum had low concentrations of total IgM and no IgM type 7F–specific antibodies. Reduced transport of specific IgG antibodies and absent transfer of IgM may contribute to the susceptibility of newborns to bacterial infection.

(AJDC 1985;139:378-380)

REFERENCES

1 +
Wilson HD, Eichenwald HF:  Sepsis neonatorum . Pediatr Clin North Am 1974;;21:571-582.
2 +
Kohler PF, Farr RS:  Elevation of cord over maternal IgG immunoglobulin: Evidence for an active placental IgG transport . Nature 1966;;210: 1070-1071.
3 +
Hobbs JR, Davis JA:  Serum γ-G globulin levels and gestational age in premature babies . Lancet 1967;;1:757-759.
4 +
Pitcher-Wilmott RW, Hindocha P, Wood CBS:  The placental transfer of IgG subclasses in human pregnancy . Clin Exp Immunol 1980;;41: 303-308.
5 +
Toivanen P, Mantyjarvi R, Hirvonen T:  Maternal antibodies in human foetal sera at different stages of gestation . Immunology 1968;;15:395-403.
6 +
Gelfand HM, Fox JP, Leblanc DR, et al:  Passive transfer of polio antibody from mother to fetus, and natural decline and disappearance of antibody in the infant . J Immunol 1960;;85:46-55.
7 +
Sato H, Albrecht P, Reynolds DW, et al:  Transfer of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies from mother to infant . AJDC 1979;;133: 1240-1243.
8 +
Baker CJ, Webb BJ, Kasper DL, et al:  The natural history of group B streptococcal colonization in the pregnant woman and her offspring . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;;137:39-42.
9 +
Boyer KM, Papierniak CK, Gadzala CA, et al:  Transplacental passage of IgG antibody to group B streptococcus serotype la . J Pediatr 1984;;104:618-620.
10 +
Forman ML, Stiehm ER:  Impaired opsonic activity but normal phagocytosis in low-birth-weight infants . N Engl J Med 1969;;281:926-931.
11 +
McCracken GH, Eichenwald HF:  Leukocyte function and the development of opsonic and complement activity in the neonate . AJDC 1971;;121:120-126.
12 +
Stiehm ER:  Fetal defense mechanisms . AJDC 1975;;129:438-443.
13 +
Stoerner JW, Pickering LK, Adcock EW, et al:  Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in newborn infants . J Pediatr 1978;;93:862-864.
14 +
Bortolussi R, Thompson TR, Ferrieri P:  Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants . Pediatrics 1977;;60:352-355.
15 +
Schiffman G, Douglas RM, Bonner MJ, et al:  A radioimmunoassay for immunologic phenomena on pneumococcal vaccines: I. Method for the radioimmunoassay of anticapsular antibodies and comparison with other techniques . J Immunol Methods 1980;;33:133-144.
16 +
Gray BM:  ELISA methodology for polysaccharide antigens: Protein coupling of polysaccharides for adsorption to plastic tubes . J Immunol Methods 1979;;28:187-192.
17 +
Giebink GS, Verhoef J, Peterson PK, et al:  Opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae types VI, XVIII, XXIII, and XXV . Infect Immun 1977;;18:291-297.
18 +
Chudwin DS, Wara DW, Lameris-Martin NB, et al:  Effect of antibody concentration on opsonic requirements for phagocytosis in vitro of Streptococcus pneumoniae types 7 and 19 (41543) . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1983;;172:178-186.
19 +
Johnston RB, Altenburger KM, Atkinson AW, et al:  Complement in the newborn infant . Pediatrics 1979;;64:781-786.
20 +
Klein RB, Fischer TJ, Gard SE, et al:  Decreased mononuclear and polymorphonuclear chemotaxis in human newborns, infants, and young children . Pediatrics 1977;;60:467-472.
21 +
Shigeoka AO, Santos JI, Hill HR:  Functional analysis of neutrophil granulocytes from healthy, infected and stressed neonates . J Pediatr 1979;;95:454-460.
22 +
Tosato G, Magrath IT, Koski IR, et al:  B cell differentiation and immunoregulatory T cell function in human cord blood lymphocytes . J Clin Invest 1980;;66:383-388.
23 +
Winkelstein JA:  Opsonins: Their function, identity and clinical significance . J Pediatr 1973;; 82:747-753.
24 +
Brown EJ, Hosea SW, Hammer CH, et al:  A quantitative analysis of the interactions of antipneumococcal antibody and complement in experimental bacteremia . J Clin Invest 1982;;69: 85-98.
25 +
Wang AC, Faulk WP, Stuckey MA, et al:  Chemical differences of adult, fetal, and hypogammaglobulinemic IgG immunoglobulins . Immunochemistry 1970;;7:703-708.
26 +
Hay FC, Hull MGR, Torrigani G:  The transfer of human IgG subclasses from mother to fetus . Clin Exp Immunol 1971;;9:355-358.
27 +
Morell A, Skvaril F, Hitzig WH, et al:  IgG subclasses: Development of the serum concentrations in normal infants and children . J Pediatr 1972;;80:960-964.
28 +
Yount WJ, Dorner MM, Kunkel HG, et al:  Studies on human antibodies: VI. Selective variation in subgroup composition and genetic markers . J Exp Med 1968;;127:633-646.

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References

1 +
Wilson HD, Eichenwald HF:  Sepsis neonatorum . Pediatr Clin North Am 1974;;21:571-582.
2 +
Kohler PF, Farr RS:  Elevation of cord over maternal IgG immunoglobulin: Evidence for an active placental IgG transport . Nature 1966;;210: 1070-1071.
3 +
Hobbs JR, Davis JA:  Serum γ-G globulin levels and gestational age in premature babies . Lancet 1967;;1:757-759.
4 +
Pitcher-Wilmott RW, Hindocha P, Wood CBS:  The placental transfer of IgG subclasses in human pregnancy . Clin Exp Immunol 1980;;41: 303-308.
5 +
Toivanen P, Mantyjarvi R, Hirvonen T:  Maternal antibodies in human foetal sera at different stages of gestation . Immunology 1968;;15:395-403.
6 +
Gelfand HM, Fox JP, Leblanc DR, et al:  Passive transfer of polio antibody from mother to fetus, and natural decline and disappearance of antibody in the infant . J Immunol 1960;;85:46-55.
7 +
Sato H, Albrecht P, Reynolds DW, et al:  Transfer of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies from mother to infant . AJDC 1979;;133: 1240-1243.
8 +
Baker CJ, Webb BJ, Kasper DL, et al:  The natural history of group B streptococcal colonization in the pregnant woman and her offspring . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;;137:39-42.
9 +
Boyer KM, Papierniak CK, Gadzala CA, et al:  Transplacental passage of IgG antibody to group B streptococcus serotype la . J Pediatr 1984;;104:618-620.
10 +
Forman ML, Stiehm ER:  Impaired opsonic activity but normal phagocytosis in low-birth-weight infants . N Engl J Med 1969;;281:926-931.
11 +
McCracken GH, Eichenwald HF:  Leukocyte function and the development of opsonic and complement activity in the neonate . AJDC 1971;;121:120-126.
12 +
Stiehm ER:  Fetal defense mechanisms . AJDC 1975;;129:438-443.
13 +
Stoerner JW, Pickering LK, Adcock EW, et al:  Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in newborn infants . J Pediatr 1978;;93:862-864.
14 +
Bortolussi R, Thompson TR, Ferrieri P:  Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants . Pediatrics 1977;;60:352-355.
15 +
Schiffman G, Douglas RM, Bonner MJ, et al:  A radioimmunoassay for immunologic phenomena on pneumococcal vaccines: I. Method for the radioimmunoassay of anticapsular antibodies and comparison with other techniques . J Immunol Methods 1980;;33:133-144.
16 +
Gray BM:  ELISA methodology for polysaccharide antigens: Protein coupling of polysaccharides for adsorption to plastic tubes . J Immunol Methods 1979;;28:187-192.
17 +
Giebink GS, Verhoef J, Peterson PK, et al:  Opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae types VI, XVIII, XXIII, and XXV . Infect Immun 1977;;18:291-297.
18 +
Chudwin DS, Wara DW, Lameris-Martin NB, et al:  Effect of antibody concentration on opsonic requirements for phagocytosis in vitro of Streptococcus pneumoniae types 7 and 19 (41543) . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1983;;172:178-186.
19 +
Johnston RB, Altenburger KM, Atkinson AW, et al:  Complement in the newborn infant . Pediatrics 1979;;64:781-786.
20 +
Klein RB, Fischer TJ, Gard SE, et al:  Decreased mononuclear and polymorphonuclear chemotaxis in human newborns, infants, and young children . Pediatrics 1977;;60:467-472.
21 +
Shigeoka AO, Santos JI, Hill HR:  Functional analysis of neutrophil granulocytes from healthy, infected and stressed neonates . J Pediatr 1979;;95:454-460.
22 +
Tosato G, Magrath IT, Koski IR, et al:  B cell differentiation and immunoregulatory T cell function in human cord blood lymphocytes . J Clin Invest 1980;;66:383-388.
23 +
Winkelstein JA:  Opsonins: Their function, identity and clinical significance . J Pediatr 1973;; 82:747-753.
24 +
Brown EJ, Hosea SW, Hammer CH, et al:  A quantitative analysis of the interactions of antipneumococcal antibody and complement in experimental bacteremia . J Clin Invest 1982;;69: 85-98.
25 +
Wang AC, Faulk WP, Stuckey MA, et al:  Chemical differences of adult, fetal, and hypogammaglobulinemic IgG immunoglobulins . Immunochemistry 1970;;7:703-708.
26 +
Hay FC, Hull MGR, Torrigani G:  The transfer of human IgG subclasses from mother to fetus . Clin Exp Immunol 1971;;9:355-358.
27 +
Morell A, Skvaril F, Hitzig WH, et al:  IgG subclasses: Development of the serum concentrations in normal infants and children . J Pediatr 1972;;80:960-964.
28 +
Yount WJ, Dorner MM, Kunkel HG, et al:  Studies on human antibodies: VI. Selective variation in subgroup composition and genetic markers . J Exp Med 1968;;127:633-646.

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