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March 1985, Vol 139, No. 3 >
Article | March 1985

Follow-up of Infants Receiving Cranial Ultrasound for Intracranial Hemorrhage FREE

Katherine A. TeKolste, MD; Forrest C. Bennett, MD; Laurence A. Mack, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Read in part before the Western Society for Pediatric Research, Carmel, Calif, Feb 9, 1983.

Reprint requests to Department of Pediatrics, Child Development and Mental Retardation Center (WJ-10), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 (Dr TeKolste).


Am J Dis Child. 1985;139(3):299-303. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140050093033.
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References
Comments

• Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was detected in 38 preterm neonates, using cranial ultrasonic (US) scanning. Forty-three preterm neonates examined during the same period but who had no cranial US evidence of ICH were also identified. Neurodevelopmental follow-up was performed at a mean age of 22.3 months on these 81 children. As a group, children with ICH demonstrated developmental indexes in the normal range but about ten points lower than children without ICH. The outcome in survivors of grade III ICH was quite similar to the outcome in survivors of grades I and II ICH. Survivors of grade IV (intraparenchymal) hemorrhage had a worse outcome. Cerebral palsy was significantly more prevalent in children with ICH. Only two thirds of children without ICH had a completely normal outcome, reinforcing the concept that factors other than ICH alone contribute to neurodevelopmental morbidity in this population.

(AJDC 1985;139:299-303)

REFERENCES

1 +
Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, et al:  Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: A study of infants with birthweights less than 1500 grams . J Pediatr 1978;;92:529-534.
Link to Article
2 +
Shinnar S, Molteni RA, Gammon K, et al:  Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant: A changing outlook . N Engl J Med 1982;;306:1464-1468.
Link to Article
3 +
Ahmann PA, Lazzara A, Dykes FD, et al:  Intraventricular hemorrhage in the high risk preterm infant: Incidence and outcome . Ann Neurol 1980;;7:118-124.
Link to Article
4 +
Levene MI, Fawer CL, Lamont RF:  Risk factors in the development of intraventricular haemorrhage in the preterm neonate . Arch Dis Child 1982;;57:410-417.
Link to Article
5 +
Bejar R, Curbelo V, Coen RW, et al:  Diagnosis and follow-up of intraventricular and intracerebral hemorrhage by ultrasound studies of infant's brain through the fontanelles and sutures . Pediatrics 1980;;66:661-672.
6 +
Donn SM, Goldstein GW, Silver TW:  Real-time ultrasonography: Its use in the evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus . AJDC 1981;;135:319-321.
7 +
Grant EG, Borts FT, Schellinger D, et al:  Real-time ultrasonography of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and comparison with computed tomography . Radiology 1981;;139:687-691.
8 +
Pape KE, Cusick G, Blackwell RJ, et al:  Ultrasound detection of brain damage in preterm infants . Lancet 1979;;1:1261-1264.
Link to Article
9 +
Silverboard G, Horder MH, Ahmann PA, et al:  Reliability of ultrasound in diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: Comparison with computed tomography . Pediatrics 1980;;66:507-514.
10 +
Ment LR, Scott DT, Ehrenkranz RA, et al:  Neonates of ≤1,250 grams birth weight: Prospective neurodevelopmental evaluation during the first year post-term . Pediatrics 1982;;70:292-296.
11 +
Robinson RO, Desai NS:  Factors influencing mortality and morbidity after clinically apparent intraventricular haemorrhage . Arch Dis Child 1981;;56:478-480.
Link to Article
12 +
Shankaran S, Slovis TL, Bedard MP, et al:  Sonographic classification of intracranial hemorrhage: A prognostic indicator of mortality, morbidity and short-term neurologic outcome . J Pediatr 1982;;100:469-475.
Link to Article
13 +
Williamson WD, Desmond MM, Wilson GS, et al:  Early neurodevelopmental outcome of low birthweight infants surviving neonatal intracranial hemorrhage . J Perinat Med 1982;;10: 34-41.
Link to Article
14 +
Williamson WD, Desmond MM, Wilson GS, et al:  Survival of low birth weight infants with neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage: Outcome in the preschool years . AJDC 1983;;173: 1181-1184.
15 +
Krishnamoorthy KS, Shannon DC, DeLong GR, et al:  Neurologic sequelae in the survivors of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage . Pediatrics 1979;;64:233-237.
16 +
Leonard C, Miller C, Piecuch R, et al:  Neurodevelopmental outcome and intraventricular hemorrhage in infants less than or equal to 1,250 grams: Two-year follow-up . Clin Res 1983;;31:100A.
17 +
Papile LA, Munsick G, Weaver N, et al:  Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage in infants <1500 grams: Developmental follow-up at one year . Pediatr Res 1979;;4:528.
18 +
Papile LA, Munsick-Bruno G, Schaefer A:  Relationship of cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage and early childhood neurologic handicaps . J Pediatr 1983;;103:273-277.
Link to Article
19 +
DeCrespigny LCh, Mackay R, Murton LJ, et al:  Timing of neonatal cerebroventricular haemorrhage with ultrasound . Arch Dis Child 1982;;57:231-233.
Link to Article
20 +
Dolfin T, Skidmore MB, Fong KW, et al:  Incidence, severity, and timing of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhages in preterm infants born in a perinatal unit as detected by serial real-time ultrasound . Pediatrics 1983;;71: 541-546.
21 +
Thompson G, Folsom R:  Hearing assessment of at-risk infants . Clin Pediatr 1981;;20:257.
Link to Article
22 +
Battaglia FC, Lubchenco LO:  A practical classification of newborn infants by weight and gestational age . J Pediatr 1967;;71:159-163.
Link to Article
23 +
Schub HS, Ahmann PA, Dykes FD, et al:  Prospective long-term follow-up of prematures with subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage . Pediatr Res 1981;;15:711.
Link to Article
24 +
Gaiter JL:  The effects of intraventricular hemorrhage on Bayley developmental performance in preterm infants . Semin Perinatol 1982;;6:305-316.
25 +
Drillien CM:  Abnormal neurologic signs in the first year of life in low-birthweight infants: Possible prognostic significance . Dev Med Child Neurol 1972;;14:575-594.
Link to Article
26 +
Procianoy RS, Garcia-Prats JA, Hittner HM, et al:  An association between retinopathy of prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants . Acta Paediatr Scand 1981;;70:473-477.
Link to Article
27 +
Levene MI, deCrespigny LCh:  Classification of intraventricular hemorrhage . Lancet 1983;;1:643.
Link to Article
28 +
Partridge JC, Babcock DS, Steighen JJ, et al:  Optimal timing for diagnostic cranial ultrasound in low-birth-weight infants: Detection of intracranial hemorrhage and ventricular dilation . J Pediatr 1983;;102:281-287.
Link to Article

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References

1 +
Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, et al:  Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: A study of infants with birthweights less than 1500 grams . J Pediatr 1978;;92:529-534.
Link to Article
2 +
Shinnar S, Molteni RA, Gammon K, et al:  Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant: A changing outlook . N Engl J Med 1982;;306:1464-1468.
Link to Article
3 +
Ahmann PA, Lazzara A, Dykes FD, et al:  Intraventricular hemorrhage in the high risk preterm infant: Incidence and outcome . Ann Neurol 1980;;7:118-124.
Link to Article
4 +
Levene MI, Fawer CL, Lamont RF:  Risk factors in the development of intraventricular haemorrhage in the preterm neonate . Arch Dis Child 1982;;57:410-417.
Link to Article
5 +
Bejar R, Curbelo V, Coen RW, et al:  Diagnosis and follow-up of intraventricular and intracerebral hemorrhage by ultrasound studies of infant's brain through the fontanelles and sutures . Pediatrics 1980;;66:661-672.
6 +
Donn SM, Goldstein GW, Silver TW:  Real-time ultrasonography: Its use in the evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus . AJDC 1981;;135:319-321.
7 +
Grant EG, Borts FT, Schellinger D, et al:  Real-time ultrasonography of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and comparison with computed tomography . Radiology 1981;;139:687-691.
8 +
Pape KE, Cusick G, Blackwell RJ, et al:  Ultrasound detection of brain damage in preterm infants . Lancet 1979;;1:1261-1264.
Link to Article
9 +
Silverboard G, Horder MH, Ahmann PA, et al:  Reliability of ultrasound in diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: Comparison with computed tomography . Pediatrics 1980;;66:507-514.
10 +
Ment LR, Scott DT, Ehrenkranz RA, et al:  Neonates of ≤1,250 grams birth weight: Prospective neurodevelopmental evaluation during the first year post-term . Pediatrics 1982;;70:292-296.
11 +
Robinson RO, Desai NS:  Factors influencing mortality and morbidity after clinically apparent intraventricular haemorrhage . Arch Dis Child 1981;;56:478-480.
Link to Article
12 +
Shankaran S, Slovis TL, Bedard MP, et al:  Sonographic classification of intracranial hemorrhage: A prognostic indicator of mortality, morbidity and short-term neurologic outcome . J Pediatr 1982;;100:469-475.
Link to Article
13 +
Williamson WD, Desmond MM, Wilson GS, et al:  Early neurodevelopmental outcome of low birthweight infants surviving neonatal intracranial hemorrhage . J Perinat Med 1982;;10: 34-41.
Link to Article
14 +
Williamson WD, Desmond MM, Wilson GS, et al:  Survival of low birth weight infants with neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage: Outcome in the preschool years . AJDC 1983;;173: 1181-1184.
15 +
Krishnamoorthy KS, Shannon DC, DeLong GR, et al:  Neurologic sequelae in the survivors of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage . Pediatrics 1979;;64:233-237.
16 +
Leonard C, Miller C, Piecuch R, et al:  Neurodevelopmental outcome and intraventricular hemorrhage in infants less than or equal to 1,250 grams: Two-year follow-up . Clin Res 1983;;31:100A.
17 +
Papile LA, Munsick G, Weaver N, et al:  Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage in infants <1500 grams: Developmental follow-up at one year . Pediatr Res 1979;;4:528.
18 +
Papile LA, Munsick-Bruno G, Schaefer A:  Relationship of cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage and early childhood neurologic handicaps . J Pediatr 1983;;103:273-277.
Link to Article
19 +
DeCrespigny LCh, Mackay R, Murton LJ, et al:  Timing of neonatal cerebroventricular haemorrhage with ultrasound . Arch Dis Child 1982;;57:231-233.
Link to Article
20 +
Dolfin T, Skidmore MB, Fong KW, et al:  Incidence, severity, and timing of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhages in preterm infants born in a perinatal unit as detected by serial real-time ultrasound . Pediatrics 1983;;71: 541-546.
21 +
Thompson G, Folsom R:  Hearing assessment of at-risk infants . Clin Pediatr 1981;;20:257.
Link to Article
22 +
Battaglia FC, Lubchenco LO:  A practical classification of newborn infants by weight and gestational age . J Pediatr 1967;;71:159-163.
Link to Article
23 +
Schub HS, Ahmann PA, Dykes FD, et al:  Prospective long-term follow-up of prematures with subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage . Pediatr Res 1981;;15:711.
Link to Article
24 +
Gaiter JL:  The effects of intraventricular hemorrhage on Bayley developmental performance in preterm infants . Semin Perinatol 1982;;6:305-316.
25 +
Drillien CM:  Abnormal neurologic signs in the first year of life in low-birthweight infants: Possible prognostic significance . Dev Med Child Neurol 1972;;14:575-594.
Link to Article
26 +
Procianoy RS, Garcia-Prats JA, Hittner HM, et al:  An association between retinopathy of prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants . Acta Paediatr Scand 1981;;70:473-477.
Link to Article
27 +
Levene MI, deCrespigny LCh:  Classification of intraventricular hemorrhage . Lancet 1983;;1:643.
Link to Article
28 +
Partridge JC, Babcock DS, Steighen JJ, et al:  Optimal timing for diagnostic cranial ultrasound in low-birth-weight infants: Detection of intracranial hemorrhage and ventricular dilation . J Pediatr 1983;;102:281-287.
Link to Article

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