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July 1983, Vol 137, No. 7 >
Article | July 1983

Rifampin Prophylaxis v Placebo for Household Contacts of Children With Hemophilus influenzae Type b Disease

Trudy V. Murphy, MD; Dale F. Chrane, RN; George H. McCracken, MD; John D. Nelson, MD
Am J Dis Child. 1983;137(7):627-632. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1983.02140330011004.
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• The efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis (20 mg/kg/day in two doses for four days) in eliminating pharyngeal Hemophilus influenzae type b from household contacts of 38 patients with invasive Hemophilus disease was evaluated in a prospective, placebo-controlled fashion. At the end of treatment, rifampin efficacy was 91% in subjects younger than 5 years of age and 100% in those subjects older than 5 years. The H influenzae type b carrier rate of rifampin-treated subjects was significantly smaller than that of placebo-treated subjects one month after prophylaxis. However, 22% to 25% of rifampin-treated carriers younger than 5 years of age were colonized with H influenzae type b, based on cultures obtained one to four weeks after prophylaxis, while approximately 75% of placebo-treated carriers were still positive at this time.

(Am J Dis Child 1983;137:627-632)

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