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September 1980, Vol 134, No. 9 >
Article | September 1980

Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Duodenal Fluid of Infants and Children FREE

Emanuel Lebenthal, MD; Barry A. Clark; Ok Kim
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital, 219 Bryant St, Buffalo, NY 14222 (Dr Lebenthal).


Am J Dis Child. 1980;134(9):834-837. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130210018006.
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Comments

• The immunoglobulin content of duodenal fluid in children at different ages has not as yet been determined, while that of serum, feces, and saliva has been well established. In 92 normal infants, children, and young adults on whom duodenal intubation was performed, duodenal fluid IgA, IgM, and IgG levels were measured. From these data, a developmental profile of immunoglobulins in duodenal fluid from 2 weeks of life to 19 years was obtained. Duodenal fluid IgA, IgM, and IgG appeared to maintain rather constant levels. The grand mean IgA level was lower than the grand mean IgG level (12.7 ± 0.8 vs 29.1 ± 2.5 mg/g of protein). Secretory component was detected in all duodenal fluids. IgG concentrations were greater than those of IgM (29.1 ± 2.5 vs 13.2 ±1.4 mg/g of protein) over all age ranges. The developmental patterns of all immunoglobulins appeared to be different from those observed in serum or saliva with the exception of duodenal fluid IgA, which has a pattern similar to that of salivary IgA.

(Am J Dis Child 134:834-837, 1980)

REFERENCES

1 +
McClelland DBL, Finlayson NDC, Samson RR, et al:  Quantitation of immunoglobulins in gastric juice by electroimmunodiffusion . Gastroenterology 60:509-514, 1971;.
2 +
Soto J, Bramis J, Acfses AH, et al:  The pancreas and immunoglobulins: I. Immunoglobulin levels in pancreatic secretion of patients with normal function: Preliminary studies . Am J Gastroenterol 67:345-347, 1977;.
3 +
Lemaitre-Coelho I, Jackson GDF, Yaerman J:  High levels of secretory IgA and free secretory component in the serum of rats with bile duct obstruction . J Exp Med 147:934-939, 1977;.
Link to Article
4 +
Savilahti E:  Immunoglobulin containing cells in the intestinal mucosa and immunoglobulins in the intestinal juice of children . Clin Exp Immunol 11:415-425, 1972;.
5 +
Clancy R, Bienenstock J:  Secretion of immunoglobulins . Clin Gastroenterol 5:229-249, 1976;.
6 +
Allansmith M, McCleelan BH, Butterworth M, et al:  The development of immunoglobulin levels in man . J Pediatr 72:276-290, 1968;.
Link to Article
7 +
Haneberg B, Aarskog D:  Human fecal immunoglobulins in healthy infants and children, and in some with diseases affecting the intestinal tract or the immune system . Clin Exp Immunol 22:210-222, 1975;.
8 +
Selner JC, Merrill DA, Claman HN:  Salivary immunoglobulins and albumin: Development during the newborn period . J Pediatr 72:685-693, 1968;.
Link to Article
9 +
Brandtzaeg P, Fjellangen I, Gjeruldsen ST:  Human secretory immunoglobulins: I. Salivary secretions from individuals with normal or low levels of serum immunoglobulins . Scand J Hematol 83( (suppl 12) ):1, 1970;.
10 +
Richman LK, Brown WR:  Immunochemical characterization of IgM in human intestinal fluid . J Immunol 119:1515-1519, 1977;.
11 +
Plaut AG, Prayoonsri K:  Immunoglobulins in human small intestinal fluid . Gastroenterology 56:522-530, 1969;.
12 +
Lebenthal E, Shwachman H:  The pancreas: Development, adaptation and malfunction in infancy and childhood . Clin Gastroenterol 6:397-413, 1977;.
13 +
Mancini G, Carbonara AO, Heremans JF:  Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion . Immunochemistry 2:235-254, 1965;.
Link to Article
14 +
Fahey JL, McKelvey EM:  Quantitative determination of serum immunoglobulins in antibody-agar plates . J Immunol 94:84-90, 1965;.
15 +
Morrison DF: Multivariate Statistical Methods . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1976;.
16 +
Shearman DJC, Pankin DM, McClelland DBL:  The demonstration and function of antibodies in the gastrointestinal tract . Gut 13:483-499, 1972;.
Link to Article
17 +
Samson RR, McClelland DBL, Shearman JC:  Studies on the quantitation of immunoglobulin in human intestinal secretions . Gut 14:616-626, 1973;.
Link to Article
18 +
Plaut AG, Keonil B:  Immunoglobulins in human small intestinal fluid . Gastroenterology 56:522-530, 1969;.
19 +
Kraft SC, Rothberg RM, Kriebel GW:  Non-immunologic precipitation lines between serum and enteric contents giving false positive evidence for local antibody production . J Immunol 104:528-529, 1970;.
20 +
Hobbs JR:  Immunoglobulins in clinical chemistry . Adv Clin Chem 14:219-225, 1971;.
21 +
Poger ME, Lamm ME:  Localization of free and bound secretory component in human intestinal epithelial cells: A model for the assembly of secretory IgA . J Exp Med 139:629-642, 1974;.
Link to Article
22 +
Brown WR, Isobe Y, Nakane RK:  Studies on translocation of immunoglobulins across intestinal epithelium: II. Immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of immunoglobulins and secretory component in human intestinal mucosa . Gastroenterology 71:985-995, 1976;.
23 +
Brown WR:  Relationships between immunoglobulins and the intestinal epithelium . Gastroenterology 75:129-138, 1978;.
24 +
Brandtzaeg P:  Structure, synthesis, and external transfer of mucosal immunoglobulins . Ann Rev Immunol 124:417-438, 1971;.
25 +
Walker WA, Isselbacher KJ:  Intestinal antibodies . N Engl J Med 297:767-773, 1977;.
Link to Article
26 +
Bull DM, Bienenstock J, Tomasi TB:  Studies on human intestinal immunoglobulin A . Gastroenterology 60:370-380, 1971;.
27 +
Stiehm ER, Fudenberg HH:  Serum levels of immune globulins in health and disease: A survey . Pediatrics 37:715-727, 1966;.
28 +
West CD, Hong R, Holland NH:  Immunoglobulin levels from the newborn period to adulthood and in the immunoglobulin deficiency states . J Clin Invest 41:2054-2064, 1962;.
Link to Article
29 +
Fulginiti VA, Sieber OF, Claman HN, et al:  Serum immunoglobulin measurement during the first year of life and in immunoglobulin deficiency states . J Pediatr 68:723-730, 1966;.
Link to Article
30 +
LoGrippo GA, Hayashi H, Perry M:  Immunoglobulins in serum and saliva in health and disease . Fed Proc 28:553-558, 1969;.
31 +
South MA, Warwick WJ, Wollheim FA, et al:  IgA levels in the serum and saliva of pediatric patients . J Pediatr 71:645-653, 1967;.
Link to Article

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References

1 +
McClelland DBL, Finlayson NDC, Samson RR, et al:  Quantitation of immunoglobulins in gastric juice by electroimmunodiffusion . Gastroenterology 60:509-514, 1971;.
2 +
Soto J, Bramis J, Acfses AH, et al:  The pancreas and immunoglobulins: I. Immunoglobulin levels in pancreatic secretion of patients with normal function: Preliminary studies . Am J Gastroenterol 67:345-347, 1977;.
3 +
Lemaitre-Coelho I, Jackson GDF, Yaerman J:  High levels of secretory IgA and free secretory component in the serum of rats with bile duct obstruction . J Exp Med 147:934-939, 1977;.
Link to Article
4 +
Savilahti E:  Immunoglobulin containing cells in the intestinal mucosa and immunoglobulins in the intestinal juice of children . Clin Exp Immunol 11:415-425, 1972;.
5 +
Clancy R, Bienenstock J:  Secretion of immunoglobulins . Clin Gastroenterol 5:229-249, 1976;.
6 +
Allansmith M, McCleelan BH, Butterworth M, et al:  The development of immunoglobulin levels in man . J Pediatr 72:276-290, 1968;.
Link to Article
7 +
Haneberg B, Aarskog D:  Human fecal immunoglobulins in healthy infants and children, and in some with diseases affecting the intestinal tract or the immune system . Clin Exp Immunol 22:210-222, 1975;.
8 +
Selner JC, Merrill DA, Claman HN:  Salivary immunoglobulins and albumin: Development during the newborn period . J Pediatr 72:685-693, 1968;.
Link to Article
9 +
Brandtzaeg P, Fjellangen I, Gjeruldsen ST:  Human secretory immunoglobulins: I. Salivary secretions from individuals with normal or low levels of serum immunoglobulins . Scand J Hematol 83( (suppl 12) ):1, 1970;.
10 +
Richman LK, Brown WR:  Immunochemical characterization of IgM in human intestinal fluid . J Immunol 119:1515-1519, 1977;.
11 +
Plaut AG, Prayoonsri K:  Immunoglobulins in human small intestinal fluid . Gastroenterology 56:522-530, 1969;.
12 +
Lebenthal E, Shwachman H:  The pancreas: Development, adaptation and malfunction in infancy and childhood . Clin Gastroenterol 6:397-413, 1977;.
13 +
Mancini G, Carbonara AO, Heremans JF:  Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion . Immunochemistry 2:235-254, 1965;.
Link to Article
14 +
Fahey JL, McKelvey EM:  Quantitative determination of serum immunoglobulins in antibody-agar plates . J Immunol 94:84-90, 1965;.
15 +
Morrison DF: Multivariate Statistical Methods . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1976;.
16 +
Shearman DJC, Pankin DM, McClelland DBL:  The demonstration and function of antibodies in the gastrointestinal tract . Gut 13:483-499, 1972;.
Link to Article
17 +
Samson RR, McClelland DBL, Shearman JC:  Studies on the quantitation of immunoglobulin in human intestinal secretions . Gut 14:616-626, 1973;.
Link to Article
18 +
Plaut AG, Keonil B:  Immunoglobulins in human small intestinal fluid . Gastroenterology 56:522-530, 1969;.
19 +
Kraft SC, Rothberg RM, Kriebel GW:  Non-immunologic precipitation lines between serum and enteric contents giving false positive evidence for local antibody production . J Immunol 104:528-529, 1970;.
20 +
Hobbs JR:  Immunoglobulins in clinical chemistry . Adv Clin Chem 14:219-225, 1971;.
21 +
Poger ME, Lamm ME:  Localization of free and bound secretory component in human intestinal epithelial cells: A model for the assembly of secretory IgA . J Exp Med 139:629-642, 1974;.
Link to Article
22 +
Brown WR, Isobe Y, Nakane RK:  Studies on translocation of immunoglobulins across intestinal epithelium: II. Immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of immunoglobulins and secretory component in human intestinal mucosa . Gastroenterology 71:985-995, 1976;.
23 +
Brown WR:  Relationships between immunoglobulins and the intestinal epithelium . Gastroenterology 75:129-138, 1978;.
24 +
Brandtzaeg P:  Structure, synthesis, and external transfer of mucosal immunoglobulins . Ann Rev Immunol 124:417-438, 1971;.
25 +
Walker WA, Isselbacher KJ:  Intestinal antibodies . N Engl J Med 297:767-773, 1977;.
Link to Article
26 +
Bull DM, Bienenstock J, Tomasi TB:  Studies on human intestinal immunoglobulin A . Gastroenterology 60:370-380, 1971;.
27 +
Stiehm ER, Fudenberg HH:  Serum levels of immune globulins in health and disease: A survey . Pediatrics 37:715-727, 1966;.
28 +
West CD, Hong R, Holland NH:  Immunoglobulin levels from the newborn period to adulthood and in the immunoglobulin deficiency states . J Clin Invest 41:2054-2064, 1962;.
Link to Article
29 +
Fulginiti VA, Sieber OF, Claman HN, et al:  Serum immunoglobulin measurement during the first year of life and in immunoglobulin deficiency states . J Pediatr 68:723-730, 1966;.
Link to Article
30 +
LoGrippo GA, Hayashi H, Perry M:  Immunoglobulins in serum and saliva in health and disease . Fed Proc 28:553-558, 1969;.
31 +
South MA, Warwick WJ, Wollheim FA, et al:  IgA levels in the serum and saliva of pediatric patients . J Pediatr 71:645-653, 1967;.
Link to Article

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