0
June 1980, Vol 134, No. 6 >
Article | June 1980

Acute Febrile Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome FREE

Richard Yanagihara, MD; James K. Todd, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprints not available.


Am J Dis Child. 1980;134(6):603-614. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130180059017.
Text Size: A A A
Published online
Article
References
Comments

More than a decade ago, Tomisaku Kawasaki, a Japanese pediatrician, described an acute exanthematous disease characterized by persistent fever, mucous membrane hyperemia, cervical lymph node enlargement, and periungal desquamation in 50 infants and children who had been seen during the preceding six-year period at the Japan Red Cross Medical Center in Tokyo.1 Individually the clinical and laboratory features seemed not unlike those of other mucocutaneous syndromes and exanthematous illnesses of childhood, but Kawasaki decided that the constellation of findings was distinctive and constituted a hitherto undescribed clinical entity. The disease was designated mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS).1

After this description, numerous cases were reported throughout Japan, and in 1970 the Research Committee of MCLS, supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Japanese government, was organized.

The primary purpose of this group was to conduct and to coordinate investigations involving the etiology and the clinical, pathological,

REFERENCES

1 +
Kawasaki T:  Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children: Clinical observations of 50 cases (in Japanese) . Jpn J Allergol 16:178-222, 1967;.
2 +
Fetterman GH, Hashida Y:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS): A disease widespread in Japan which demands our attention . Pediatrics 54:268-270, 1974;.
3 +
Hussey HH:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . JAMA 236:292, 1976;.
4 +
Riley HD:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) . J Infect Dis 134:302-305, 1976;.
5 +
 Kawasaki disease . Lancet 1:675-676, 1976;.
6 +
 Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: A new disease . Br Med J 1:407, 1977;.
7 +
Hammond BL:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Ohio State Med J 73:612-616, 1977;.
8 +
Kahn G:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki's disease) . Arch Dermatol 114:948-950, 1978;.
9 +
Morens DM, Nahmias AJ:  Kawasaki disease: A 'new' pediatric enigma . Hosp Pract 13:109-112, 119-120, 1978;.
10 +
Terezhalmy GT:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Review of a recently described disease complex . Oral Surg 47:26-30, 1979;.
11 +
Kawasaki T, Kusakawa S, Shigematsu I (eds): Progress of Research on Kawasaki Disease (MCLS) . Tokyo, Kindai Shuppan Co, 1976;.
12 +
Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;.
13 +
Becker AE:  Kawasaki disease . Lancet 1:864, 1976;.
14 +
Becker AE:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or infantile polyarteritis nodosa? Pediatrics 60:774, 1977;.
15 +
Landing BH, Larson EJ:  Are infantile periarteritis nodosa with coronary artery involvement and fatal mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome the same?: Comparison of 20 patients from North America with patients from Hawaii and Japan . Pediatrics 59:651-662, 1977;.
16 +
Aterman K:  A possible early example of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . J Pediatr 92:1027-1028, 1978;.
17 +
Kato H, Koike S, Sasaguri Y:  Clinicopathological studies of diseases associated with vasculitis: Kawasaki disease (MCLS) and infantile polyarteritis nodosa (in Japanese) . Nippon Rinsho 36:753-767, 1978;.
18 +
Yanagawa H:  Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (in Japanese) . Jpn J Clin Med 34:275-283, 1976;.
19 +
Morens DM, O'Brien RJ:  Kawasaki disease in the United States . J Infect Dis 137:91-93, 1978;.
20 +
Brown JS, Billmeier GJ Jr, Cox F, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the continental United States . J Pediatr 88:81-83, 1976;.
21 +
Melish ME, Hicks RM, Larson EJ:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the United States . Am J Dis Child 130:599-607, 1976;.
22 +
Bitter JJ, Friedman SA, Paltzik RL, et al:  Kawasaki's disease appearing as erythema multiforme . Arch Dermatol 115:71-72, 1979;.
23 +
Kawasaki T, Kosaki F, Okawa S, et al:  A new infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) prevailing in Japan . Pediatrics 54:271-276, 1974;.
24 +
Lauer BA, Bruhn FW, Todd JK, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Denver . Am J Dis Child 130:610-612, 1976;.
25 +
Robinson R, Adler R:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in California . J Pediatr 88:1069-1070, 1976;.
26 +
Taneja A, Saxena U:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Case report . Indian Pediatr 14:927-931, 1977;.
27 +
Majeed HA, Olson IA:  Kawasaki disease in Kuwait: A report of two cases . Acta Paediatr Scand 67:525-528, 1978;.
28 +
Nyerges G, Barna M, Molnar L:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Three cases observed in Hungary . Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung 19:1-7, 1978;.
29 +
Goldsmith RW, Gribetz D, Strauss L:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) in the continental United States . Pediatrics 57:431-435, 1976;.
30 +
Magilavy DB, Speert DP, Silver TM, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Report of two cases complicated by gallbladder hydrops and diagnosed by ultrasound . Pediatrics 61:699-702, 1978;.
31 +
Bernhardt IB:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with encephalopathy in the continental United States . West J Med 125:230-233, 1976;.
32 +
Cook A, L'Heureux P:  Radiographic findings in the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am J Roentgenol 132:107-109, 1979;.
33 +
Tanaka N:  Kawasaki disease (acute febrile infantile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) in Japan: Relationship with infantile periarteritis nodosa . Pathol Microbiol 43:204-218, 1975;.
34 +
Tanaka N, Sekimoto K, Naoe S:  Kawasaki disease: Relationship with infantile periarteritis nodosa . Arch Pathol Lab Med 100:81-86, 1976;.
35 +
Wentworth P, Silver MD:  Fatal mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Canada? Can Med Assoc J 115:299-305, 1976;.
36 +
Kegel SM, Dorsey TJ, Rowen M, et al:  Cardiac death in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am J Cardiol 40:282-286, 1977;.
37 +
Kim J, Yeo Y, Lee DB:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Clinical observations of eight cases (in Korean) . Korea N Med J 16:1157-1160, 1973;.
38 +
Melish ME, Hicks RM, Larson EJ:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) in the US, abstracted . Pediatr Res 8:427, 1974;.
39 +
Russell AS, Zaragoza AJ, Shea R:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Canada . Can Med Assoc J 112:1210-1211, 1975;.
40 +
Radford DJ, Sondheimer HM, Williams GJ, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with coronary artery aneurysm . Am J Dis Child 130:596-598, 1976;.
41 +
Fanconi A, Bodmer P, Egloff B:  Akutes mukokutanes lymph knoten syndrom (Kawasaki syndrom) mit letaler periarteriitis nodosa der kranzarterien . Helv Paediatr Acta 33:135-140, 1978;.
42 +
Stephenson SR:  Kawasaki disease in Europe . Lancet 1:373-374, 1977;.
43 +
Lyen KR, Brook CGD:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in two siblings . Br Med J 1:1187, 1978;.
44 +
Fossard C, Thompson RA:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease): Probable soluble complex disorder . Br Med J 1:883, 1977;.
45 +
Hewitt CJ:  Case of Kawasaki disease . Br Med J 1:883-884, 1977;.
46 +
Scopes JW, Hulse JA:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Br Med J 1:511, 1977;.
47 +
Morgan GJ, Lynch MA:  Kawasaki disease in Canterbury . Arch Dis Child 53:916-917, 1978;.
48 +
Carter RF, Haynes ME, Morton J:  Rickettsia-like bodies and splenitis in Kawasaki disease . Lancet 2:1254-1255, 1976;.
49 +
Della-Porta G, Alberti A:  Kawasaki disease in Europe . Lancet 1:797-798, 1977;.
50 +
Valaes T:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) in Athens, Greece . Pediatrics 55:295, 1975;.
51 +
Ahlström H, Lundström N-R, Mortensson W, et al:  Infantile periarteritis nodosa or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Acta Paediatr Scand 66:193-198, 1977;.
52 +
Hicsönmez G, Kanra G, Kocak H, et al:  Acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Clin Pediatr 16:480-481, 1977;.
53 +
Smith AD:  Infantile polyarteritis and Kawasaki disease . Acta Paediatr Scand 66:381-384, 1977;.
54 +
Corbeel L, Delmotte B, Standaert L, et al:  Kawasaki disease in Europe . Lancet 1:797, 1977;.
55 +
Piette N, Carton D, Hooft C:  A case of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Acta Paediatr Belg 30:243-246, 1977;.
56 +
Keim DE, Keller EW, Hirsch MS:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and parainfluenza 2 virus infection . Lancet 2:303, 1977;.
57 +
Kovacevic M, Gardner HG:  Thrombocytosis associated with the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . J Pediatr 89:688, 1976;.
58 +
Dennis MK, Ayoub EM, Graham T, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Florida . J Fla Med Assoc 64:21-26, 1977;.
59 +
Darby CP, Kyong CU:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . JAMA 236:2295-2297, 1976;.
60 +
Gross CW, Chamberlain M:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: A new clinical entity . Laryngoscope 87:1702-1704, 1977;.
61 +
Miriovsky M, Downing JS:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am Fam Physician 17:154-157, 1978;.
62 +
John TJ, DeBenedetti CD, Zee ML:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Arizona . Am J Dis Child 130:613-614, 1976;.
63 +
Bergeson PS, Schoenike SL:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: A case masquerading as Rocky Mountain spotted fever . JAMA 237:2299-2302, 1977;.
64 +
Bergeson PS, Serlin SP, Corman LI:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with positive Weil-Felix reaction but negative leptospira studies . Lancet 1:720-721, 1978;.
65 +
Siegel CJ, Wenner HA:  The mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Description of an affected 21-month-old child in Kansas City . Clin Pediatr 15:1105-1106, 1976;.
66 +
Walker SH, Quintero BA, Heldrich FJ:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am J Dis Child 130:1164, 1976;.
67 +
Withers EH, Long WR, Lynch JB:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: An additional case . J Tenn Med Assoc 70:731, 1977;.
68 +
Yanagawa H, Shigematsu I:  Epidemiological aspects of Kawasaki disease , in Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;, pp 287-295.
69 +
Tominaga M, Ohshima K, Yanagawa Y, et al:  An epidemic analysis of family cases of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (in Japanese) . Pediatr Japan 18:59-63, 1977;.
70 +
Kitayama T:  Infectious disease theory of Kawasaki disease with special reference to the theory of virus infection as a triggering factor (in Japanese) . Jpn J Clin Med 34:295-297, 1976;.
71 +
Onouchi Z, Tomizawa N, Goto M, et al:  Cardiac involvement and prognosis in acute mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Chest 68:297-301, 1975;.
72 +
Yamada K, Fukumoto T, Shinkai A, et al:  The platelet functions in acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and a trial of prevention for thrombosis by antiplatelet agent . Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 41:791-802, 1978;.
73 +
Kato H, Koike S, Yamamoto M, et al:  Coronary aneurysms in infants and young children with acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . J Pediatr 86:892-898, 1975;.
74 +
Hosaki J, Abe S, Yoshimatsu A, et al:  Observations of coronary arterial lesions in acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) . Acta Paediatr Jpn 18:8-17, 1976;.
75 +
Kitamura S, Kawashima Y, Kawachi K, et al:  Left ventricular function in patients with coronary arteritis due to acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or related diseases . Am J Cardiol 40:156-164, 1977;.
76 +
Kusakawa S, Asai T:  Cardiovascular lesions in Kawasaki disease , in Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;, pp 273-280.
77 +
Kato H:  Natural history of Kawasaki disease , in Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;, pp 281-286.
78 +
Melish ME, Hicks RM, Dean AG:  Kawasaki Syndrome in Hawaii, abstracted . Pediatr Res 13:451, 1979;.
79 +
Tomisawa M, Onouchi Z, Goto M, et al:  Ultrastructure of the myocardium in acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Jpn Circ J 41:151-157, 1977;.
80 +
Kawasaki T:  Acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and sudden death (in Japanese) . Acta Paediatr Jpn 75:433-434, 1971;.
81 +
Tanaka N, Naoe A, Kawasaki T:  Pathological study on autopsy cases of MCLS (in Japanese) . J Jpn Red Cross Center Hosp 2:85-94, 1971;.
82 +
Yanagisawa M, Kobayashi N, Matsuya S:  Myocardial infarction due to coronary thromboarteritis following acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) in an infant . Pediatrics 54:227-281, 1974;.
83 +
Fujiwara H, Hamashima Y:  Pathology of the heart in Kawasaki disease . Pediatrics 61:100-107, 1978;.
84 +
Hamashima Y, Tasaka K, Hirose S:  Etiological studies of Kawasaki disease: Infectious disease theory (in Japanese) . Jpn Clin Med 34:290-294, 1976;.
85 +
Hirose S, Hamashima Y:  Morphological observations on the vasculitis in the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Eur J Pediatr 129:17-27, 1978;.
86 +
Munro-Faure H:  Necrotizing arteritis of the coronary vessels in infancy . Pediatrics 23:914-926, 1959;.
87 +
Roberts FB, Fetterman GH:  Polyarteritis nodosa in infancy . J Pediatr 63:519-529, 1963;.
88 +
Benyo RB, Perrin EV:  Periarteritis nodosa in infancy . Am J Dis Child 116:539-544, 1968;.
89 +
Chamberlin JL III, Perry LW:  Infantile periarteritis nodosa with coronary and brachial aneurysms: A case diagnosed during life .J Pediatr 78:1039-1042, 1971;.
90 +
Cheek DB:  Common on mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Could it be a heavy metal poisoning? Pediatrics 56:335-337, 1975;.
91 +
Lockie GN, Hunde GG:  Reiter's syndrome in children . Arthritis Rheum 14:767-772, 1971;.
92 +
Todd J, Fishaut M, Kapral F, et al:  Toxic-shock syndrome with phage-group I staphylococci . Lancet 2:1116-1118, 1978;.
93 +
Wong ML, Kaplan S, Dunkle LM, et al:  Leptospirosis: A childhood disease . J Pediatr 90:532-537, 1977;.
94 +
Chanda JJ, Callen JP:  Erythema multiforme and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome . South Med J 71:566-570, 1978;.
95 +
Stevens AM, Johnson FC:  A new eruptive fever associated with stomatitis and ophthalmia: Report of two cases in children . Am J Dis Child 24:526-533, 1922;.
96 +
Bukantz SC:  The Stevens-Johnson syndrome . DM 1-36, 1968;.
97 +
Tang PHL, Segal AJ:  Polyarteritis nodosa of infancy: Fatal late complication . JAMA 217:1666-1670, 1971;.
98 +
Crouch JA, Diehl AM:  Cardiac complications: Periarteritis nodosa of infancy . J Kans Med Soc 74:78-81, 108, 1973;.
99 +
Humphry T, Sanders S, Stadius M:  Leptospirosis mimicking MLNS . J Pediatr 91:853, 1977;.
100 +
Ohtaki C, Tomiyama T, Suzuki M, et al:  Leptospiral antibody and MLNS . J Pediatr 93:896, 1978;.
101 +
Hamashima Y, Kishi K, Tasaka K:  Rickettsia-like bodies in infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome , Lancet 2:42, 1973;.
102 +
Tasaka K, Hamashima Y:  Studies on rickettsia-like body in Kawasaki disease: Attempts at the isolation and characterization . Acta Pathol Jpn 28:235-245, 1978;.
103 +
Takabatake E:  Etiological studies of Kawasaki disease: A toxicological theory (in Japanese) . Jpn J Clin Med 34:302-305, 1976;.
104 +
Svejgaard A, Platz P, Ryder LP, et al:  HL-A and disease associations: A survey . Transplant Rev 22:3-43, 1975;.
105 +
Bach FH, van Rood JJ:  The major histocompatibility complex: Genetics and biology . N Engl J Med 295:927-936, 1976;.
106 +
Matsuda I, Hattori S, Nagata N, et al:  HLA antigens in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am J Dis Child 131:1417-1418, 1977;.
107 +
Kato S, Kimura M, Tsuji K, et al:  HLA antigens in Kawasaki disease . Pediatrics 61:252-255, 1978;.
108 +
Yata J, Nakagawa T, Sawa E:  Some immunological studies on Kawasaki disease , in Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;, pp 335-336.
109 +
Kusakawa S, Heiner DC:  Elevated levels of immunoglobulin E in the acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Pediatr Res 10:108-111, 1976;.
110 +
Krous HF, Clausen CR, Ray CG:  Elevated immunoglobulin E in infantile polyarteritis nodosa . J Pediatr 84:841-845, 1974;.
111 +
Tasaka K, Hamashima Y:  Function of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of peripheral neutrophils in Kawasaki disease . Acta Pathol Jpn 28:247-252, 1978;.
112 +
Kusakawa S:  Treatment of Kawasaki disease (in Japanese) . Jpn J Clin Med 34:306-310, 1976;.
113 +
Kato H, Koike S, Yokoyama T:  Kawasaki disease: Effect of treatment on coronary artery involvement . Pediatrics 63:175-179, 1979;.
114 +
Nishizawa EE, Wynalda DR, Suydam DR, et al:  Flurbiprofen, a new potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation . Thromb Res 3:577-588, 1973;.
115 +
Rich AR, Gregory JE:  The experimental demonstration that periarteritis nodosa is a manifestation of hypersensitivity . Bull Hopkins Hosp 72:65-88, 1943;.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Kawasaki T:  Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children: Clinical observations of 50 cases (in Japanese) . Jpn J Allergol 16:178-222, 1967;.
2 +
Fetterman GH, Hashida Y:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS): A disease widespread in Japan which demands our attention . Pediatrics 54:268-270, 1974;.
3 +
Hussey HH:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . JAMA 236:292, 1976;.
4 +
Riley HD:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) . J Infect Dis 134:302-305, 1976;.
5 +
 Kawasaki disease . Lancet 1:675-676, 1976;.
6 +
 Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: A new disease . Br Med J 1:407, 1977;.
7 +
Hammond BL:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Ohio State Med J 73:612-616, 1977;.
8 +
Kahn G:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki's disease) . Arch Dermatol 114:948-950, 1978;.
9 +
Morens DM, Nahmias AJ:  Kawasaki disease: A 'new' pediatric enigma . Hosp Pract 13:109-112, 119-120, 1978;.
10 +
Terezhalmy GT:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Review of a recently described disease complex . Oral Surg 47:26-30, 1979;.
11 +
Kawasaki T, Kusakawa S, Shigematsu I (eds): Progress of Research on Kawasaki Disease (MCLS) . Tokyo, Kindai Shuppan Co, 1976;.
12 +
Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;.
13 +
Becker AE:  Kawasaki disease . Lancet 1:864, 1976;.
14 +
Becker AE:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or infantile polyarteritis nodosa? Pediatrics 60:774, 1977;.
15 +
Landing BH, Larson EJ:  Are infantile periarteritis nodosa with coronary artery involvement and fatal mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome the same?: Comparison of 20 patients from North America with patients from Hawaii and Japan . Pediatrics 59:651-662, 1977;.
16 +
Aterman K:  A possible early example of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . J Pediatr 92:1027-1028, 1978;.
17 +
Kato H, Koike S, Sasaguri Y:  Clinicopathological studies of diseases associated with vasculitis: Kawasaki disease (MCLS) and infantile polyarteritis nodosa (in Japanese) . Nippon Rinsho 36:753-767, 1978;.
18 +
Yanagawa H:  Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (in Japanese) . Jpn J Clin Med 34:275-283, 1976;.
19 +
Morens DM, O'Brien RJ:  Kawasaki disease in the United States . J Infect Dis 137:91-93, 1978;.
20 +
Brown JS, Billmeier GJ Jr, Cox F, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the continental United States . J Pediatr 88:81-83, 1976;.
21 +
Melish ME, Hicks RM, Larson EJ:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the United States . Am J Dis Child 130:599-607, 1976;.
22 +
Bitter JJ, Friedman SA, Paltzik RL, et al:  Kawasaki's disease appearing as erythema multiforme . Arch Dermatol 115:71-72, 1979;.
23 +
Kawasaki T, Kosaki F, Okawa S, et al:  A new infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) prevailing in Japan . Pediatrics 54:271-276, 1974;.
24 +
Lauer BA, Bruhn FW, Todd JK, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Denver . Am J Dis Child 130:610-612, 1976;.
25 +
Robinson R, Adler R:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in California . J Pediatr 88:1069-1070, 1976;.
26 +
Taneja A, Saxena U:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Case report . Indian Pediatr 14:927-931, 1977;.
27 +
Majeed HA, Olson IA:  Kawasaki disease in Kuwait: A report of two cases . Acta Paediatr Scand 67:525-528, 1978;.
28 +
Nyerges G, Barna M, Molnar L:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Three cases observed in Hungary . Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung 19:1-7, 1978;.
29 +
Goldsmith RW, Gribetz D, Strauss L:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) in the continental United States . Pediatrics 57:431-435, 1976;.
30 +
Magilavy DB, Speert DP, Silver TM, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Report of two cases complicated by gallbladder hydrops and diagnosed by ultrasound . Pediatrics 61:699-702, 1978;.
31 +
Bernhardt IB:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with encephalopathy in the continental United States . West J Med 125:230-233, 1976;.
32 +
Cook A, L'Heureux P:  Radiographic findings in the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am J Roentgenol 132:107-109, 1979;.
33 +
Tanaka N:  Kawasaki disease (acute febrile infantile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) in Japan: Relationship with infantile periarteritis nodosa . Pathol Microbiol 43:204-218, 1975;.
34 +
Tanaka N, Sekimoto K, Naoe S:  Kawasaki disease: Relationship with infantile periarteritis nodosa . Arch Pathol Lab Med 100:81-86, 1976;.
35 +
Wentworth P, Silver MD:  Fatal mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Canada? Can Med Assoc J 115:299-305, 1976;.
36 +
Kegel SM, Dorsey TJ, Rowen M, et al:  Cardiac death in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am J Cardiol 40:282-286, 1977;.
37 +
Kim J, Yeo Y, Lee DB:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Clinical observations of eight cases (in Korean) . Korea N Med J 16:1157-1160, 1973;.
38 +
Melish ME, Hicks RM, Larson EJ:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) in the US, abstracted . Pediatr Res 8:427, 1974;.
39 +
Russell AS, Zaragoza AJ, Shea R:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Canada . Can Med Assoc J 112:1210-1211, 1975;.
40 +
Radford DJ, Sondheimer HM, Williams GJ, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with coronary artery aneurysm . Am J Dis Child 130:596-598, 1976;.
41 +
Fanconi A, Bodmer P, Egloff B:  Akutes mukokutanes lymph knoten syndrom (Kawasaki syndrom) mit letaler periarteriitis nodosa der kranzarterien . Helv Paediatr Acta 33:135-140, 1978;.
42 +
Stephenson SR:  Kawasaki disease in Europe . Lancet 1:373-374, 1977;.
43 +
Lyen KR, Brook CGD:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in two siblings . Br Med J 1:1187, 1978;.
44 +
Fossard C, Thompson RA:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease): Probable soluble complex disorder . Br Med J 1:883, 1977;.
45 +
Hewitt CJ:  Case of Kawasaki disease . Br Med J 1:883-884, 1977;.
46 +
Scopes JW, Hulse JA:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Br Med J 1:511, 1977;.
47 +
Morgan GJ, Lynch MA:  Kawasaki disease in Canterbury . Arch Dis Child 53:916-917, 1978;.
48 +
Carter RF, Haynes ME, Morton J:  Rickettsia-like bodies and splenitis in Kawasaki disease . Lancet 2:1254-1255, 1976;.
49 +
Della-Porta G, Alberti A:  Kawasaki disease in Europe . Lancet 1:797-798, 1977;.
50 +
Valaes T:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) in Athens, Greece . Pediatrics 55:295, 1975;.
51 +
Ahlström H, Lundström N-R, Mortensson W, et al:  Infantile periarteritis nodosa or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Acta Paediatr Scand 66:193-198, 1977;.
52 +
Hicsönmez G, Kanra G, Kocak H, et al:  Acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Clin Pediatr 16:480-481, 1977;.
53 +
Smith AD:  Infantile polyarteritis and Kawasaki disease . Acta Paediatr Scand 66:381-384, 1977;.
54 +
Corbeel L, Delmotte B, Standaert L, et al:  Kawasaki disease in Europe . Lancet 1:797, 1977;.
55 +
Piette N, Carton D, Hooft C:  A case of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Acta Paediatr Belg 30:243-246, 1977;.
56 +
Keim DE, Keller EW, Hirsch MS:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and parainfluenza 2 virus infection . Lancet 2:303, 1977;.
57 +
Kovacevic M, Gardner HG:  Thrombocytosis associated with the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . J Pediatr 89:688, 1976;.
58 +
Dennis MK, Ayoub EM, Graham T, et al:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Florida . J Fla Med Assoc 64:21-26, 1977;.
59 +
Darby CP, Kyong CU:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . JAMA 236:2295-2297, 1976;.
60 +
Gross CW, Chamberlain M:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: A new clinical entity . Laryngoscope 87:1702-1704, 1977;.
61 +
Miriovsky M, Downing JS:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am Fam Physician 17:154-157, 1978;.
62 +
John TJ, DeBenedetti CD, Zee ML:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Arizona . Am J Dis Child 130:613-614, 1976;.
63 +
Bergeson PS, Schoenike SL:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: A case masquerading as Rocky Mountain spotted fever . JAMA 237:2299-2302, 1977;.
64 +
Bergeson PS, Serlin SP, Corman LI:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with positive Weil-Felix reaction but negative leptospira studies . Lancet 1:720-721, 1978;.
65 +
Siegel CJ, Wenner HA:  The mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Description of an affected 21-month-old child in Kansas City . Clin Pediatr 15:1105-1106, 1976;.
66 +
Walker SH, Quintero BA, Heldrich FJ:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am J Dis Child 130:1164, 1976;.
67 +
Withers EH, Long WR, Lynch JB:  Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: An additional case . J Tenn Med Assoc 70:731, 1977;.
68 +
Yanagawa H, Shigematsu I:  Epidemiological aspects of Kawasaki disease , in Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;, pp 287-295.
69 +
Tominaga M, Ohshima K, Yanagawa Y, et al:  An epidemic analysis of family cases of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (in Japanese) . Pediatr Japan 18:59-63, 1977;.
70 +
Kitayama T:  Infectious disease theory of Kawasaki disease with special reference to the theory of virus infection as a triggering factor (in Japanese) . Jpn J Clin Med 34:295-297, 1976;.
71 +
Onouchi Z, Tomizawa N, Goto M, et al:  Cardiac involvement and prognosis in acute mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Chest 68:297-301, 1975;.
72 +
Yamada K, Fukumoto T, Shinkai A, et al:  The platelet functions in acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and a trial of prevention for thrombosis by antiplatelet agent . Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 41:791-802, 1978;.
73 +
Kato H, Koike S, Yamamoto M, et al:  Coronary aneurysms in infants and young children with acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . J Pediatr 86:892-898, 1975;.
74 +
Hosaki J, Abe S, Yoshimatsu A, et al:  Observations of coronary arterial lesions in acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) . Acta Paediatr Jpn 18:8-17, 1976;.
75 +
Kitamura S, Kawashima Y, Kawachi K, et al:  Left ventricular function in patients with coronary arteritis due to acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or related diseases . Am J Cardiol 40:156-164, 1977;.
76 +
Kusakawa S, Asai T:  Cardiovascular lesions in Kawasaki disease , in Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;, pp 273-280.
77 +
Kato H:  Natural history of Kawasaki disease , in Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;, pp 281-286.
78 +
Melish ME, Hicks RM, Dean AG:  Kawasaki Syndrome in Hawaii, abstracted . Pediatr Res 13:451, 1979;.
79 +
Tomisawa M, Onouchi Z, Goto M, et al:  Ultrastructure of the myocardium in acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Jpn Circ J 41:151-157, 1977;.
80 +
Kawasaki T:  Acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and sudden death (in Japanese) . Acta Paediatr Jpn 75:433-434, 1971;.
81 +
Tanaka N, Naoe A, Kawasaki T:  Pathological study on autopsy cases of MCLS (in Japanese) . J Jpn Red Cross Center Hosp 2:85-94, 1971;.
82 +
Yanagisawa M, Kobayashi N, Matsuya S:  Myocardial infarction due to coronary thromboarteritis following acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) in an infant . Pediatrics 54:227-281, 1974;.
83 +
Fujiwara H, Hamashima Y:  Pathology of the heart in Kawasaki disease . Pediatrics 61:100-107, 1978;.
84 +
Hamashima Y, Tasaka K, Hirose S:  Etiological studies of Kawasaki disease: Infectious disease theory (in Japanese) . Jpn Clin Med 34:290-294, 1976;.
85 +
Hirose S, Hamashima Y:  Morphological observations on the vasculitis in the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Eur J Pediatr 129:17-27, 1978;.
86 +
Munro-Faure H:  Necrotizing arteritis of the coronary vessels in infancy . Pediatrics 23:914-926, 1959;.
87 +
Roberts FB, Fetterman GH:  Polyarteritis nodosa in infancy . J Pediatr 63:519-529, 1963;.
88 +
Benyo RB, Perrin EV:  Periarteritis nodosa in infancy . Am J Dis Child 116:539-544, 1968;.
89 +
Chamberlin JL III, Perry LW:  Infantile periarteritis nodosa with coronary and brachial aneurysms: A case diagnosed during life .J Pediatr 78:1039-1042, 1971;.
90 +
Cheek DB:  Common on mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: Could it be a heavy metal poisoning? Pediatrics 56:335-337, 1975;.
91 +
Lockie GN, Hunde GG:  Reiter's syndrome in children . Arthritis Rheum 14:767-772, 1971;.
92 +
Todd J, Fishaut M, Kapral F, et al:  Toxic-shock syndrome with phage-group I staphylococci . Lancet 2:1116-1118, 1978;.
93 +
Wong ML, Kaplan S, Dunkle LM, et al:  Leptospirosis: A childhood disease . J Pediatr 90:532-537, 1977;.
94 +
Chanda JJ, Callen JP:  Erythema multiforme and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome . South Med J 71:566-570, 1978;.
95 +
Stevens AM, Johnson FC:  A new eruptive fever associated with stomatitis and ophthalmia: Report of two cases in children . Am J Dis Child 24:526-533, 1922;.
96 +
Bukantz SC:  The Stevens-Johnson syndrome . DM 1-36, 1968;.
97 +
Tang PHL, Segal AJ:  Polyarteritis nodosa of infancy: Fatal late complication . JAMA 217:1666-1670, 1971;.
98 +
Crouch JA, Diehl AM:  Cardiac complications: Periarteritis nodosa of infancy . J Kans Med Soc 74:78-81, 108, 1973;.
99 +
Humphry T, Sanders S, Stadius M:  Leptospirosis mimicking MLNS . J Pediatr 91:853, 1977;.
100 +
Ohtaki C, Tomiyama T, Suzuki M, et al:  Leptospiral antibody and MLNS . J Pediatr 93:896, 1978;.
101 +
Hamashima Y, Kishi K, Tasaka K:  Rickettsia-like bodies in infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome , Lancet 2:42, 1973;.
102 +
Tasaka K, Hamashima Y:  Studies on rickettsia-like body in Kawasaki disease: Attempts at the isolation and characterization . Acta Pathol Jpn 28:235-245, 1978;.
103 +
Takabatake E:  Etiological studies of Kawasaki disease: A toxicological theory (in Japanese) . Jpn J Clin Med 34:302-305, 1976;.
104 +
Svejgaard A, Platz P, Ryder LP, et al:  HL-A and disease associations: A survey . Transplant Rev 22:3-43, 1975;.
105 +
Bach FH, van Rood JJ:  The major histocompatibility complex: Genetics and biology . N Engl J Med 295:927-936, 1976;.
106 +
Matsuda I, Hattori S, Nagata N, et al:  HLA antigens in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Am J Dis Child 131:1417-1418, 1977;.
107 +
Kato S, Kimura M, Tsuji K, et al:  HLA antigens in Kawasaki disease . Pediatrics 61:252-255, 1978;.
108 +
Yata J, Nakagawa T, Sawa E:  Some immunological studies on Kawasaki disease , in Shiokawa Y (ed): Vascular Lesions of Collagen Diseases and Related Conditions . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1977;, pp 335-336.
109 +
Kusakawa S, Heiner DC:  Elevated levels of immunoglobulin E in the acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome . Pediatr Res 10:108-111, 1976;.
110 +
Krous HF, Clausen CR, Ray CG:  Elevated immunoglobulin E in infantile polyarteritis nodosa . J Pediatr 84:841-845, 1974;.
111 +
Tasaka K, Hamashima Y:  Function of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of peripheral neutrophils in Kawasaki disease . Acta Pathol Jpn 28:247-252, 1978;.
112 +
Kusakawa S:  Treatment of Kawasaki disease (in Japanese) . Jpn J Clin Med 34:306-310, 1976;.
113 +
Kato H, Koike S, Yokoyama T:  Kawasaki disease: Effect of treatment on coronary artery involvement . Pediatrics 63:175-179, 1979;.
114 +
Nishizawa EE, Wynalda DR, Suydam DR, et al:  Flurbiprofen, a new potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation . Thromb Res 3:577-588, 1973;.
115 +
Rich AR, Gregory JE:  The experimental demonstration that periarteritis nodosa is a manifestation of hypersensitivity . Bull Hopkins Hosp 72:65-88, 1943;.

Correspondence

Submit a Letter
CME
Accreditation Information
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Clear Answers | Save For Later
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
Commitment to Change (optional):
Indicate what change(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
Your quiz results:
The filled radio buttons indicate your responses. The preferred responses are highlighted
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
Submit a Comment

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.

© 2013 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
Powered bySilverchair Information Systems