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March 1980, Vol 134, No. 3 >
Article | March 1980

Amantadine for Severe Influenza A Pneumonia in Infancy FREE

MARK FISHAUT, MD; STEVEN R. MOSTOW, MD
Am J Dis Child. 1980;134(3):321-323. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130150075022.
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References
Comments

Influenza A virus may cause severe illness in infancy.1,2 Amantadine hydrochloride is effective as a prophylactic agent3,4 and is free of serious side effects5 when administered to older children. Although therapeutic field trials with amantadine have included children,6 we are unaware of any attempts to treat serious illness caused by influenza A in childhood, nor are there dosage recommendations for children under 1 year of age.

Report of a Case.—A 5-month-old girl was admitted to Colorado General Hospital on Dec 21, 1977, with fever, cough, and tachypnea. Physical examination revealed otitis media and a seborrheic skin rash. A chest roentgenogram revealed diffuse interstitial infiltrates. In ambient oxygen, the Pao2 was 38 mm Hg; the WBC count was 13,300/cu mm. She was treated with forced inspiratory oxygen (FIO2) of 40% and received broad-spectrum antibiotics for presumed bacterial pneumonia and sepsis until cultures of blood, spinal

REFERENCES

1 +
Brocklebank JB, Court SDM, McQuillin J, et al:  Influenza A infection in children . Lancet 2:497-500, 1972;.
2 +
Howard JB, McCracken GH Jr, Luby JB:  Influenza A2 virus as a cause of croup requiring tracheostomy . J Pediatr 81:1148-1150, 1972;.
3 +
Quilligan JJ Jr, Hirayama M, Baernstein HD Jr:  The suppression of A2 influenza in children by chemoprophylactic use of amantadine . J Pediatr 69:572-575, 1966;.
4 +
Galbraith AW, Oxford JS, Schild GC, et al:  Protective effect of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride on influenza A2 infections in the family environment . Lancet 2:1026-1028, 1969;.
5 +
Wright PF, Khaw KT, Oxman MN, et al:  Evaluation of the safety of amantadine HCl and the role of respiratory virus infections in children with cystic fibrosis . J Infect Dis 134:144-149, 1976;.
6 +
Galbraith AW, Oxford JS, Schild GC, et al:  Therapeutic effect of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride in naturally occurring influenza A2/Hong Kong infection . Lancet 2:113-116, 1971;.
7 +
Lawlor GJ, Amman AJ, Wright WC Jr:  The syndrome of cellular immunodeficiency with immunoglobulins . J Pediatr 84:183-192, 1974;.
8 +
Robinson RQ, Dowdle WR:  Influenza viruses , in Lennette EH, Schmidt NJ (eds): Diagnostic procedures for Viral and Rickettsial Infections , ed 4. New York, American Public Health Association Inc, 1969;, pp 414-433.
9 +
Plotkin SA, Kraus RM, Whitely JP:  Hypogammaglobulinemia in an infant with congenital rubella syndrome: Failure of 1-adamantanamine to stop virus excretion . J Pediatr 69:1085-1091, 1966;.
10 +
Greenblatt DJ, DiMascio A, Harmatz JS, et al:  Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of amantadine in drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes . J Clin Pharmacol 17:704-708, 1977;.
11 +
Rizzo N, Biandrate P, Tognoni G, et al:  Amantadine in depression: Relationship between behavioral effects and plasma levels . Eur J Clin Pharmacol 5:226-228, 1973;.
12 +
Armbruster KFW, Rahn AC, Ing TS, et al:  Amantadine toxicity in a patient with renal insufficiency . Nephron 13:183-186, 1974;.
13 +
Bleidner WE, Harman JB, Hewers WE, et al:  Absorption, distribution, and excretion of amantadine hydrochloride . J Pharmacol Exp Therap 150:484-490, 1965;.
14 +
Oxford JS:  Specific inhibitors of influenza related to the molecular biology of virus replication , in Oxford JS (ed): Chemoprophylaxis and Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract . Cleveland, CRC Press, 1977;, vol 1, pp 139-187.
15 +
Appleyard G:  Amantadine resistance as a genetic marker for influenza viruses . J Gen Virol 36:249-255, 1977;.
16 +
Little JW, Hall WJ, Douglas RG Jr, et al:  Amantadine effect on peripheral airways abnormalities in influenza . Ann Intern Med 85:177-182, 1976;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Brocklebank JB, Court SDM, McQuillin J, et al:  Influenza A infection in children . Lancet 2:497-500, 1972;.
2 +
Howard JB, McCracken GH Jr, Luby JB:  Influenza A2 virus as a cause of croup requiring tracheostomy . J Pediatr 81:1148-1150, 1972;.
3 +
Quilligan JJ Jr, Hirayama M, Baernstein HD Jr:  The suppression of A2 influenza in children by chemoprophylactic use of amantadine . J Pediatr 69:572-575, 1966;.
4 +
Galbraith AW, Oxford JS, Schild GC, et al:  Protective effect of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride on influenza A2 infections in the family environment . Lancet 2:1026-1028, 1969;.
5 +
Wright PF, Khaw KT, Oxman MN, et al:  Evaluation of the safety of amantadine HCl and the role of respiratory virus infections in children with cystic fibrosis . J Infect Dis 134:144-149, 1976;.
6 +
Galbraith AW, Oxford JS, Schild GC, et al:  Therapeutic effect of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride in naturally occurring influenza A2/Hong Kong infection . Lancet 2:113-116, 1971;.
7 +
Lawlor GJ, Amman AJ, Wright WC Jr:  The syndrome of cellular immunodeficiency with immunoglobulins . J Pediatr 84:183-192, 1974;.
8 +
Robinson RQ, Dowdle WR:  Influenza viruses , in Lennette EH, Schmidt NJ (eds): Diagnostic procedures for Viral and Rickettsial Infections , ed 4. New York, American Public Health Association Inc, 1969;, pp 414-433.
9 +
Plotkin SA, Kraus RM, Whitely JP:  Hypogammaglobulinemia in an infant with congenital rubella syndrome: Failure of 1-adamantanamine to stop virus excretion . J Pediatr 69:1085-1091, 1966;.
10 +
Greenblatt DJ, DiMascio A, Harmatz JS, et al:  Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of amantadine in drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes . J Clin Pharmacol 17:704-708, 1977;.
11 +
Rizzo N, Biandrate P, Tognoni G, et al:  Amantadine in depression: Relationship between behavioral effects and plasma levels . Eur J Clin Pharmacol 5:226-228, 1973;.
12 +
Armbruster KFW, Rahn AC, Ing TS, et al:  Amantadine toxicity in a patient with renal insufficiency . Nephron 13:183-186, 1974;.
13 +
Bleidner WE, Harman JB, Hewers WE, et al:  Absorption, distribution, and excretion of amantadine hydrochloride . J Pharmacol Exp Therap 150:484-490, 1965;.
14 +
Oxford JS:  Specific inhibitors of influenza related to the molecular biology of virus replication , in Oxford JS (ed): Chemoprophylaxis and Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract . Cleveland, CRC Press, 1977;, vol 1, pp 139-187.
15 +
Appleyard G:  Amantadine resistance as a genetic marker for influenza viruses . J Gen Virol 36:249-255, 1977;.
16 +
Little JW, Hall WJ, Douglas RG Jr, et al:  Amantadine effect on peripheral airways abnormalities in influenza . Ann Intern Med 85:177-182, 1976;.

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