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Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection in Newborn Nursery Patients FREE

James J. Gooch, DPH; Eugene M. Britt, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Epidemiologist, Medical Division, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co, Wilmington, DE 19898 (Dr Gooch).


Am J Dis Child. 1978;132(9):893-896. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120340069014.
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• The correlation between Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection among newborns was studied during a four-year period. Of the 9,423 newborns cultured, 24% were colonized at the time of discharge and in 2% of these an infection developed, whereas only 0.2% of the noncolonized newborns experienced a staphylococcal infection. The weekly colonization rates ranged from 0% to 62%, and outbreaks of infections (two or more concurrent) occurred periodically when the colonization rates ranged from 11% to 57%. Colonization rates per se did not serve as an indicator of an actual or potential outbreak of infection. Instead, the occurrence of two or more concurrent cases of staphylococcal infection or presumptive evidence of an outbreak seems to be a more reliable indicator than colonization monitoring.

(Am J Dis Child 132:893-896, 1978)

REFERENCES

Gillespie WA, Simpson K, Tozer RC:  Staphylococcal infection in a maternity hospital: Epidemiology and control . Lancet 2:1075-1080, 1958;.
Albert S, Baldwin R, Czekajewski S, et al:  Bullous impetigo due to group II Staphylococcus aureus . Am J Dis Child 120:10-13, 1970;.
Gehlbach SH, Gutman LT, Wilfert CM, et al:  Recurrence of skin disease in a nursery: Ineffectuality of hexachlorophene bathing . Pediatrics 55:422-424, 1975;.
Najem GR, Riley HD, Ordway NK, et al:  Clinical and microbiologic surveillance of neonatal staphylococcal disease . Am J Dis Child 129:297-302, 1975;.
Williams EO:  Changing perspectives in hospital infections: Nosocomial infections , in Brachman PS, Eickhoff TC (eds): Proceedings of International Conference on Nosocomial Infection, 1970 . Chicago, American Hospital Association, 1971;, pp 1-10.
Gezon HM, Thompson DJ, Rogers KD, et al:  Hexachlorophene bathing in early infancy: Effects on staphylococcal disease and infection . N Engl J Med 270:379-386, 1964;.
Campbell AGM, Pitkewicz JS:  The incidence of infections in nurseries since the discontinuation of hexachlorophene bathing . Pediatrics 51( (suppl) ):360-367, 1973;.
Gluck L, Wood HF:  Staphylococcal colonization in newborn infants with and without antiseptic skin care . N Engl J Med 268:1265-1268, 1963;.
Gluck L, Wood HF:  Effect of an antiseptic skin care regimen in reducing staphylococcal colonization in newborn infants . N Engl J Med 264:1177-1181, 1961;.
Kwong MS, Loew AD, Anthony BF, et al:  The effects of hexachlorophene on staphylococcal colonization rates in the newborn infant: A control study using a single-bath method . Pediatrics 82:982-986, 1973;.
Light IJ, Walton RL, Sutherland JM, et al:  Use of bacterial interference to control a staphylococcal nursery outbreak . Am J Dis Child 113:291-300, 1967;.
Pildes RS, Ramamurthy RS, Vidyasagar D:  Effects of triple dye on staphylococcal colonization in the newborn infant . Pediatrics 82:987-990, 1973;.
Gezon HG, Thompson DJ, Roger KD, et al:  Control of staphylococcal infection and disease in newborns through the use of hexachlorophene bathing . Pediatrics 51( (suppl) ):331-334, 1973;.
Gatzman GH:  Effect of triple dye in a staphylococcal outbreak , LETTER TO THE EDITOR. Pediatrics 86:313, 1975;.
Shinefield HR:  Bacterial interference between strains of S aureus . Ann NY Acad Sci 236:444-455, 1974;.
Center for Disease Control: Outline for Surveillance and Control of Nosocomial Infections. May 1974.
Evan HE, Akpata SO, Baki A, et al:  Flora in newborn infants: Annual variation in prevalence of S aureus, E coli, and Streptococci . Arch Environ Health 26:275-276, 1973;.
Dixon RE, Kaslow RA, Mallison GF, et al:  Staphylococcal disease outbreaks in hospital nurseries in the United States, December 1971 through March 1972 . Pediatrics 51( (suppl) ):413-417, 1973;.
Hurst V, Grossman M, Tutler VL, et al:  Five-year follow-up survey of an outbreak of staphylococcal infection in a hospital nursery . N Engl J Med 270:517-519, 1964;.
Hurst V, Grossman M:  Hospital nursery as a source of staphylococcal disease among families of newborn infants . N Engl J Med 262:951-956, 1960;.
Williams CPS, Oliver TK:  Nursery routines and staphylococcal colonization of the newborn . Pediatrics 44:640-646, 1969;.
Hurst V:  Transmission of hospital staphylococci among newborn infants . Pediatrics 24:204-214, 1960;.
Mortimer EA, Wolinsky E, Hines D:  The effect of rooming-in on the acquisition of hospital staphylococci in newborn infants . Pediatrics 37:605-609, 1966;.
Simon HJ, Yaffe SJ, Gluck L:  Effective control of staphylococci in a nursery . N Engl J Med 265:1171-1176, 1961;.
Gezon HM:  Should nursery environmental control measures be re-examined? Pediatrics 44:636-638, 1969;.
Thompson DJ, Gezon HM, Hatch TF, et al:  Sex distribution of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and disease in newborn infants . N Engl J Med 269:337-341, 1963;.

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References

Gillespie WA, Simpson K, Tozer RC:  Staphylococcal infection in a maternity hospital: Epidemiology and control . Lancet 2:1075-1080, 1958;.
Albert S, Baldwin R, Czekajewski S, et al:  Bullous impetigo due to group II Staphylococcus aureus . Am J Dis Child 120:10-13, 1970;.
Gehlbach SH, Gutman LT, Wilfert CM, et al:  Recurrence of skin disease in a nursery: Ineffectuality of hexachlorophene bathing . Pediatrics 55:422-424, 1975;.
Najem GR, Riley HD, Ordway NK, et al:  Clinical and microbiologic surveillance of neonatal staphylococcal disease . Am J Dis Child 129:297-302, 1975;.
Williams EO:  Changing perspectives in hospital infections: Nosocomial infections , in Brachman PS, Eickhoff TC (eds): Proceedings of International Conference on Nosocomial Infection, 1970 . Chicago, American Hospital Association, 1971;, pp 1-10.
Gezon HM, Thompson DJ, Rogers KD, et al:  Hexachlorophene bathing in early infancy: Effects on staphylococcal disease and infection . N Engl J Med 270:379-386, 1964;.
Campbell AGM, Pitkewicz JS:  The incidence of infections in nurseries since the discontinuation of hexachlorophene bathing . Pediatrics 51( (suppl) ):360-367, 1973;.
Gluck L, Wood HF:  Staphylococcal colonization in newborn infants with and without antiseptic skin care . N Engl J Med 268:1265-1268, 1963;.
Gluck L, Wood HF:  Effect of an antiseptic skin care regimen in reducing staphylococcal colonization in newborn infants . N Engl J Med 264:1177-1181, 1961;.
Kwong MS, Loew AD, Anthony BF, et al:  The effects of hexachlorophene on staphylococcal colonization rates in the newborn infant: A control study using a single-bath method . Pediatrics 82:982-986, 1973;.
Light IJ, Walton RL, Sutherland JM, et al:  Use of bacterial interference to control a staphylococcal nursery outbreak . Am J Dis Child 113:291-300, 1967;.
Pildes RS, Ramamurthy RS, Vidyasagar D:  Effects of triple dye on staphylococcal colonization in the newborn infant . Pediatrics 82:987-990, 1973;.
Gezon HG, Thompson DJ, Roger KD, et al:  Control of staphylococcal infection and disease in newborns through the use of hexachlorophene bathing . Pediatrics 51( (suppl) ):331-334, 1973;.
Gatzman GH:  Effect of triple dye in a staphylococcal outbreak , LETTER TO THE EDITOR. Pediatrics 86:313, 1975;.
Shinefield HR:  Bacterial interference between strains of S aureus . Ann NY Acad Sci 236:444-455, 1974;.
Center for Disease Control: Outline for Surveillance and Control of Nosocomial Infections. May 1974.
Evan HE, Akpata SO, Baki A, et al:  Flora in newborn infants: Annual variation in prevalence of S aureus, E coli, and Streptococci . Arch Environ Health 26:275-276, 1973;.
Dixon RE, Kaslow RA, Mallison GF, et al:  Staphylococcal disease outbreaks in hospital nurseries in the United States, December 1971 through March 1972 . Pediatrics 51( (suppl) ):413-417, 1973;.
Hurst V, Grossman M, Tutler VL, et al:  Five-year follow-up survey of an outbreak of staphylococcal infection in a hospital nursery . N Engl J Med 270:517-519, 1964;.
Hurst V, Grossman M:  Hospital nursery as a source of staphylococcal disease among families of newborn infants . N Engl J Med 262:951-956, 1960;.
Williams CPS, Oliver TK:  Nursery routines and staphylococcal colonization of the newborn . Pediatrics 44:640-646, 1969;.
Hurst V:  Transmission of hospital staphylococci among newborn infants . Pediatrics 24:204-214, 1960;.
Mortimer EA, Wolinsky E, Hines D:  The effect of rooming-in on the acquisition of hospital staphylococci in newborn infants . Pediatrics 37:605-609, 1966;.
Simon HJ, Yaffe SJ, Gluck L:  Effective control of staphylococci in a nursery . N Engl J Med 265:1171-1176, 1961;.
Gezon HM:  Should nursery environmental control measures be re-examined? Pediatrics 44:636-638, 1969;.
Thompson DJ, Gezon HM, Hatch TF, et al:  Sex distribution of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and disease in newborn infants . N Engl J Med 269:337-341, 1963;.

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