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July 1976, Vol 130, No. 7 >
Article | July 1976

Eighteenth Century Children Through Their Books FREE

Monica Kiefer, OP, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

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Am J Dis Child. 1976;130(7):726-737. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120080048006.
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In this year of our country's bicentennial celebrations, some thought must be given to the most neglected segment of 18th century society—the children. The changing status of colonial children is given tangible expression in the books provided for little ones, in the manuals for parents, and in accounts written in later years by the boys and girls of this era. No period in the history of American juvenile literature is so bleak and uninspiring as that of the first half of the 18th century. During this time, no real effort was made either in the colonies or in England to provide suitable reading for the young. Children everywhere were treated not as immature beings but as "little men and women," and nothing was written especially for the needs of the young mind. Instead, little ones were expected to digest as best they could the heavy literary diet of adults, beginning

REFERENCES

1 +
Mather C: Family Well-Ordered . Boston, Bartholomew Green, 1714;, p 32.
2 +
The Children's Bible . Philadelphia, reprinted and sold by Andrew Stewart, 1763;, Luke 18:16, p 63.
3 +
Moodey S: Judas the Traitor Hung Up in Chains . Boston, Bartholomew Green, 1714;, p 32.
4 +
Wigglesworth, quoted by Tassin A: Books for Children: Cambridge History of American Literature : II, p 17.
5 +
Keach B: War with the Devil . New York, William Bradford.
6 +
Larcom L: A New England Girlhood . Cambridge, Mass, 1889;.
7 +
Moodey E: The School of Good Manners . New London, Conn, Thomas and Green, 1754;, pp 69-70.
8 +
Anonymous: The Seasons . New York, Samuel Wood, 1814;, p 21.
9 +
Anonymous: A Peep into the Sports of Youth . Philadelphia, Williard Johnson, 1809;.
10 +
Sewall S: Diary 1674-1729 . Collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, 1878;, vol 1, p 369.
11 +
Earle AM: Child Life in Colonial Days . New York, 1924;, pp 110-111.
12 +
Stoddard L: Story of Youth . New York, 1928;, pp 277-278.
13 +
Hart AB (ed): Source Readers in American History . New York, 1925;, vol 1, p 197.
14 +
Potter J: The Words of the Wise . Philadelphia, Joseph Crukshank, 1768;, p 56.
15 +
Nelson J: An Essay on the Government of Children . New York, 1753;, p 367.
16 +
Bossard JH: Marriage and the Child . Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940;, chap 2.
17 +
Ackesley G: On the Management of Children in Sickness and in Health , ed 2. New York, 1836;, pp 64-67.
18 +
Struve CA: A Familiar View of the Domestic Education of Children . London, 1800;, p 451.
19 +
Hersey J: Advice to Christian Parents . Baltimore, 1839;, p 84.
20 +
Alcott WA (ed): The Moral Reformer: I . Boston, 1855;.
21 +
Anonymous: A Child's Spelling Book . Hartford, Conn, Sidney Press, 1802;, p 51.
22 +
Dwight T Jr: The Father's Book . Springfield, Mass, 1835;.
23 +
Kilner MJ: Memoirs of a Peg Top . Worcester, Mass, Isaiah Thomas, 1780;, pp 88-89.
24 +
Sigourney LH: Letters to Mothers . New York, FJ Huntington, 1829;, pp 246-247.
25 +
Bolton ES, Coe E: American Samplers . Boston, 1921;, p 96.
26 +
Child LM: The Mother's Book . Boston, Munroe and Francis, 1831;, pp 61-62.
27 +
Barker and Commager: Our Nation . Evanston, Ill, 1941;, p 80.
28 +
Smith H: Festivals, Games and Amusements, Ancient and Modern . New York, 1831;.
29 +
Anonymous: Original Poems for Infant Minds . Philadelphia, William Brown, 1816;, vol 1, p 91.
30 +
Anonymous: A Peep Show into the Sports of Youth and the Occupations and Amusements of Age . Philadelphia, Benjamin Johnson, 1809;, pp 11-15.
31 +
Anonymous: Choice Collection of New and Approved Country Dances . Northampton, Mass, 1796;, pp 1-16.
32 +
Anonymous: Youthful Sports . Philadelphia, Morgan and Yeager, 1802;.
33 +
DeGenlis SF: The Beauty and the Monster . Worcester, Mass, Isaiah Thomas, 1785;, p 36.
34 +
Perrault C: Cinderella . New York, E. Hosford, 1790;, pp 1-12.
35 +
Moore JH: The Young Gentlemen's and Lady's Monitor . New York, Mahlon Day, 1809;.
36 +
Anonymous: Old Dame Margery's Hush-a-Bye . Philadelphia, Johnson and Warner, 1814;.
37 +
Anonymous: Dame Trot and Her Comical Cat . Philadelphia, William Charles, 1817;.
38 +
Anonymous: Comic Adventures of Old Mother Hubbard and Her Dog . Philadelphia, Johnson and Warner, 1812;.
39 +
Anonymous: The History of Mother Twaddle and the Marvelous Atchievements of her Son Jack . Philadelphia, William Charles, 1814;.
40 +
Anonymous: Life and Death of Robin Hood . Philadelphia, William Charles, 1792;, p 1.
41 +
Brown A:  The ups and downs of Christmas in New England. Boston , N Engl Magazine , vol 29, 1904;.
42 +
Anonymous: Remarks on Children's Play . New York, Samuel Wood, 1814;, p 2.
43 +
Anonymous: Youthful Recreations . Philadelphia, I. Johnson, 1810;.
44 +
Astley P: The Modern Riding Masters , Philadelphia.
45 +
Anonymous: Youthful Recreations, p 34.
46 +
Anonymous: The Seasons . New York, Samuel Wood, 1814;, p 14.
47 +
Newbery J: A Little Pretty Pocket Book . London, John Newbery, 1744;, pp 56-57.
48 +
Newell WW (ed): Games and Songs of American Children . Wayland, Mass, 1883;.
49 +
Holme CG (ed): Children's Toys of Yesterday . New York, 1932;, p 7.
50 +
Grober C: Children's Toys of Bygone Days . New York, 1928;, pp 1-4.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Mather C: Family Well-Ordered . Boston, Bartholomew Green, 1714;, p 32.
2 +
The Children's Bible . Philadelphia, reprinted and sold by Andrew Stewart, 1763;, Luke 18:16, p 63.
3 +
Moodey S: Judas the Traitor Hung Up in Chains . Boston, Bartholomew Green, 1714;, p 32.
4 +
Wigglesworth, quoted by Tassin A: Books for Children: Cambridge History of American Literature : II, p 17.
5 +
Keach B: War with the Devil . New York, William Bradford.
6 +
Larcom L: A New England Girlhood . Cambridge, Mass, 1889;.
7 +
Moodey E: The School of Good Manners . New London, Conn, Thomas and Green, 1754;, pp 69-70.
8 +
Anonymous: The Seasons . New York, Samuel Wood, 1814;, p 21.
9 +
Anonymous: A Peep into the Sports of Youth . Philadelphia, Williard Johnson, 1809;.
10 +
Sewall S: Diary 1674-1729 . Collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, 1878;, vol 1, p 369.
11 +
Earle AM: Child Life in Colonial Days . New York, 1924;, pp 110-111.
12 +
Stoddard L: Story of Youth . New York, 1928;, pp 277-278.
13 +
Hart AB (ed): Source Readers in American History . New York, 1925;, vol 1, p 197.
14 +
Potter J: The Words of the Wise . Philadelphia, Joseph Crukshank, 1768;, p 56.
15 +
Nelson J: An Essay on the Government of Children . New York, 1753;, p 367.
16 +
Bossard JH: Marriage and the Child . Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940;, chap 2.
17 +
Ackesley G: On the Management of Children in Sickness and in Health , ed 2. New York, 1836;, pp 64-67.
18 +
Struve CA: A Familiar View of the Domestic Education of Children . London, 1800;, p 451.
19 +
Hersey J: Advice to Christian Parents . Baltimore, 1839;, p 84.
20 +
Alcott WA (ed): The Moral Reformer: I . Boston, 1855;.
21 +
Anonymous: A Child's Spelling Book . Hartford, Conn, Sidney Press, 1802;, p 51.
22 +
Dwight T Jr: The Father's Book . Springfield, Mass, 1835;.
23 +
Kilner MJ: Memoirs of a Peg Top . Worcester, Mass, Isaiah Thomas, 1780;, pp 88-89.
24 +
Sigourney LH: Letters to Mothers . New York, FJ Huntington, 1829;, pp 246-247.
25 +
Bolton ES, Coe E: American Samplers . Boston, 1921;, p 96.
26 +
Child LM: The Mother's Book . Boston, Munroe and Francis, 1831;, pp 61-62.
27 +
Barker and Commager: Our Nation . Evanston, Ill, 1941;, p 80.
28 +
Smith H: Festivals, Games and Amusements, Ancient and Modern . New York, 1831;.
29 +
Anonymous: Original Poems for Infant Minds . Philadelphia, William Brown, 1816;, vol 1, p 91.
30 +
Anonymous: A Peep Show into the Sports of Youth and the Occupations and Amusements of Age . Philadelphia, Benjamin Johnson, 1809;, pp 11-15.
31 +
Anonymous: Choice Collection of New and Approved Country Dances . Northampton, Mass, 1796;, pp 1-16.
32 +
Anonymous: Youthful Sports . Philadelphia, Morgan and Yeager, 1802;.
33 +
DeGenlis SF: The Beauty and the Monster . Worcester, Mass, Isaiah Thomas, 1785;, p 36.
34 +
Perrault C: Cinderella . New York, E. Hosford, 1790;, pp 1-12.
35 +
Moore JH: The Young Gentlemen's and Lady's Monitor . New York, Mahlon Day, 1809;.
36 +
Anonymous: Old Dame Margery's Hush-a-Bye . Philadelphia, Johnson and Warner, 1814;.
37 +
Anonymous: Dame Trot and Her Comical Cat . Philadelphia, William Charles, 1817;.
38 +
Anonymous: Comic Adventures of Old Mother Hubbard and Her Dog . Philadelphia, Johnson and Warner, 1812;.
39 +
Anonymous: The History of Mother Twaddle and the Marvelous Atchievements of her Son Jack . Philadelphia, William Charles, 1814;.
40 +
Anonymous: Life and Death of Robin Hood . Philadelphia, William Charles, 1792;, p 1.
41 +
Brown A:  The ups and downs of Christmas in New England. Boston , N Engl Magazine , vol 29, 1904;.
42 +
Anonymous: Remarks on Children's Play . New York, Samuel Wood, 1814;, p 2.
43 +
Anonymous: Youthful Recreations . Philadelphia, I. Johnson, 1810;.
44 +
Astley P: The Modern Riding Masters , Philadelphia.
45 +
Anonymous: Youthful Recreations, p 34.
46 +
Anonymous: The Seasons . New York, Samuel Wood, 1814;, p 14.
47 +
Newbery J: A Little Pretty Pocket Book . London, John Newbery, 1744;, pp 56-57.
48 +
Newell WW (ed): Games and Songs of American Children . Wayland, Mass, 1883;.
49 +
Holme CG (ed): Children's Toys of Yesterday . New York, 1932;, p 7.
50 +
Grober C: Children's Toys of Bygone Days . New York, 1928;, pp 1-4.

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