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June 1976, Vol 130, No. 6 >
Article | June 1976

Vasculitis as a Complication of High-Dose Methotrexate in the Treatment of Acute Leukemia FREE

PHILIP LANZKOWSKY, MD, FRCP, DCH; S. JAYABOSE, MBBS, DCH; ASHOK SHENDE, MBBS; ROBERT LEVY, MD
Am J Dis Child. 1976;130(6):675. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120070101020.
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High-dose pulse infusions of methotrexate followed by leucovorin calcium (citrovorum factor) rescue has been used in the treatment of many neoplastic diseases, including osteogenic sarcoma1,2 and actue lymphoblastic leukemia.3 Methotrexate inhibits the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase, and thus causes a fall in reduced folate pools, which are essential cofactors for DNA, purine, and protein synthesis. Leucovorin calcium supplies the product of the inhibited enzyme and thus can prevent, and rescue normal cells from, the adverse biologic effects of methotrexate. Leucovorin calcium rescue, therefore, allows for the use of very large doses of methotrexate and results in a greater response rate at a lower cost in toxicity than methotrexate alone in equivalent dosage. The toxic effects of high-dose pulse infusion of methotrexate followed by leucovorin calcium rescue have included bone marrow depression, renal toxicity, stomatitis, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, alterations in liver function tests, and skin reactions of various kinds. These

REFERENCES

1 +
Jaffe N, Frei E, Traggis D, et al:  Adjuvant methotrexate and citrovorum-factor treatment of osteogenic sarcoma . N Engl J Med 291:994-997, 1974;.
2 +
Frei E, Jaffe N, Tattersall MHN, et al:  New approaches to cancer chemotherapy with methotrexate . N Engl J Med 292:846-851, 1975;.
3 +
Djerassi I:  Methotrexate infusions and intensive supportive care in the management of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: Follow-up report . Cancer Res 27:2561-2564, 1967;.
4 +
Freeman AI, Wang JJ, Sinks LF: High dose MTX (HDM) in actue lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Read before the 11th annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, San Diego, Calif, May 1975.

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References

1 +
Jaffe N, Frei E, Traggis D, et al:  Adjuvant methotrexate and citrovorum-factor treatment of osteogenic sarcoma . N Engl J Med 291:994-997, 1974;.
2 +
Frei E, Jaffe N, Tattersall MHN, et al:  New approaches to cancer chemotherapy with methotrexate . N Engl J Med 292:846-851, 1975;.
3 +
Djerassi I:  Methotrexate infusions and intensive supportive care in the management of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: Follow-up report . Cancer Res 27:2561-2564, 1967;.
4 +
Freeman AI, Wang JJ, Sinks LF: High dose MTX (HDM) in actue lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Read before the 11th annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, San Diego, Calif, May 1975.

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