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May 1972, Vol 123, No. 5 >
Article | May 1972

Aseptic Meningitis Associated With Echovirus Type 3 in Very Young Children FREE

Allen H. Peters, MD; Jeanne E. O'Grady; Robert A. Milanovich, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Received for publication June 11, 1971; accepted Nov 5.

Reprint requests to Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 9400 E Rosecrans, Bellflower, Calif 90706 (Dr. Peters).


Am J Dis Child. 1972;123(5):452-456. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110110080004.
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An aseptic meningitis epidemic occurred in Richmond, Va, in 1970. Eighty diagnosed cases occurred between June 19 and Oct 11. Echovirus type 3 was isolated from 17 of the patients. The epidemic was centered in eastern Richmond, a predominantly Negro lower socioeconomic area. The highest attack rate was for children under 6 months of age, and two thirds of the cases occurred in children under 5 years of age. The clinical attack rate for household contacts was only 3%. However, serum neutralization results suggest that siblings and parents may have transmitted the virus. Neither the origin of the epidemic nor a common place of exposure was found. Echovirus type 3, which had not previously been isolated in Virginia and had been uncommon in the United States, became the most frequently isolated enterovirus in the United States in 1970.

REFERENCES

1 +
Lehan PH, Chick EW, Doto IL, et al:  An epidemic illness associated with a recently recognized enteric virus (echo virus type 4): I. Epidemiologic and clinical features . Amer J Hyg 66:63-75, 1957;.
2 +
Karzon DT, Eckert GL, Barron AL, et al:  Aseptic meningitis epidemic due to echo 4 virus . Amer J Dis Child 101:610-622, 1961;.
3 +
Ray CG, McCollough RH, Doto IL, et al:  Echo 4 illness: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies of an outbreak in a rural community . Amer J Epidem 84:253-267, 1966;.
4 +
Garber HJ, Glick TH, Joseph JM, et al:  Aseptic meningitis epidemic involving ECHO 4 and Coxsackie B5 viruses . Public Health Rep 85:59-65, 1970;.
5 +
Kibrick S, Melendez L, Enders JF:  Clinical associations of enteric viruses with particular reference to agents exhibiting properties of the echo group . Ann NY Acad Sci 67:311-325, 1957;.
6 +
Davis DC, Melnick JL:  Association of echo virus type 6 with aseptic meningitis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 92:839-843, 1956;.
7 +
Winkelstein W Jr, Karzon DT, Barron AL, et al:  Epidemiologic observations on an outbreak of aseptic meningitis due to ECHO virus type 6 . Amer J Public Health 47:741-749, 1957;.
8 +
Sabin AB, Krumbiegel ER, Wigand R:  ECHO Type 9 virus disease . Amer J Dis Child 96:197-219, 1958;.
9 +
Prince JT, St. Geme JW Jr, Scherer WF:  Echo-9 virus exanthema . JAMA 167:691-696, 1958;.
10 +
Oren J, Schiff GM, Fodor AR, et al:  Aseptic meningitis on an Indian reservation: An epidemic associated with ECHO 9 virus . Amer J Dis Child 102:843-852, 1961;.
11 +
Rothenberg R, Murphy W, O'Brien CL, et al:  Aseptic Meningitis associated with ECHO virus, type 9: An outbreak in Norfolk, Virginia . Southern Med J 63:280-285, 1970;.
12 +
Elvin-Lewis M, Melnick JL:  ECHO 11 virus associated with aseptic meningitis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 102:647-649, 1959;.
13 +
Torphy DE, Ray CG, Thompson RS, et al:  An epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echovirus type 30: Epidemiologic features and clinical and laboratory findings . Amer J Public Health 60:1447-1455, 1970;.
14 +
Kaplan GJ, Clark PS, Bender TR, et al:  Echovirus type 30 meningitis and related febrile illness: Epidemiologic study of an outbreak in an Eskimo community . Amer J Epidem 92:257-265, 1970;.
15 +
Gould KL:  Aseptic meningitis associated with echovirus type 9' on Oahu, Hawaii . Amer J Public Health 60:2336-2344, 1970;.
16 +
Elvin-Lewis M, Melnick JL:  ECHO 11 virus associated with aseptic meningitis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 102:647-649, 1959;.
17 +
Miller DG, Gabrielson MO, Bart KJ, et al:  An epidemic of aseptic meningitis, primarily among infants, caused by echovirus 11-prime . Pediatrics 41:77-90, 1968;.
18 +
Kleinman H, Cooney MK, Nelson CB, et al:  Aseptic meningitis and paralytic disease due to newly recognized enterovirus . JAMA 187:90-95, 1964;.
19 +
Plager H, Deibel R:  Echo 30 virus infections: Outbreak in New York state . New York J Med 70:391-393, 1970;.
20 +
 Aseptic meningitis—United States 1970 . Morbid Mortal Week Rep 19:357-358, 1970;.
21 +
 Aseptic meningitis , Richmond, Virginia. Morbid Mortal Week Rep 19:421-422, 1970;.
22 +
Person DA, Smith TF, Hermann EC Jr:  Outbreak of echovirus-3 meningoencephalitis . Lancet 1:238, 1971;.
23 +
Nogen AG, Lepow ML:  Enteroviral meningitis in very young infants . Pediatrics 40:617-626, 1967;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

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References

1 +
Lehan PH, Chick EW, Doto IL, et al:  An epidemic illness associated with a recently recognized enteric virus (echo virus type 4): I. Epidemiologic and clinical features . Amer J Hyg 66:63-75, 1957;.
2 +
Karzon DT, Eckert GL, Barron AL, et al:  Aseptic meningitis epidemic due to echo 4 virus . Amer J Dis Child 101:610-622, 1961;.
3 +
Ray CG, McCollough RH, Doto IL, et al:  Echo 4 illness: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies of an outbreak in a rural community . Amer J Epidem 84:253-267, 1966;.
4 +
Garber HJ, Glick TH, Joseph JM, et al:  Aseptic meningitis epidemic involving ECHO 4 and Coxsackie B5 viruses . Public Health Rep 85:59-65, 1970;.
5 +
Kibrick S, Melendez L, Enders JF:  Clinical associations of enteric viruses with particular reference to agents exhibiting properties of the echo group . Ann NY Acad Sci 67:311-325, 1957;.
6 +
Davis DC, Melnick JL:  Association of echo virus type 6 with aseptic meningitis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 92:839-843, 1956;.
7 +
Winkelstein W Jr, Karzon DT, Barron AL, et al:  Epidemiologic observations on an outbreak of aseptic meningitis due to ECHO virus type 6 . Amer J Public Health 47:741-749, 1957;.
8 +
Sabin AB, Krumbiegel ER, Wigand R:  ECHO Type 9 virus disease . Amer J Dis Child 96:197-219, 1958;.
9 +
Prince JT, St. Geme JW Jr, Scherer WF:  Echo-9 virus exanthema . JAMA 167:691-696, 1958;.
10 +
Oren J, Schiff GM, Fodor AR, et al:  Aseptic meningitis on an Indian reservation: An epidemic associated with ECHO 9 virus . Amer J Dis Child 102:843-852, 1961;.
11 +
Rothenberg R, Murphy W, O'Brien CL, et al:  Aseptic Meningitis associated with ECHO virus, type 9: An outbreak in Norfolk, Virginia . Southern Med J 63:280-285, 1970;.
12 +
Elvin-Lewis M, Melnick JL:  ECHO 11 virus associated with aseptic meningitis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 102:647-649, 1959;.
13 +
Torphy DE, Ray CG, Thompson RS, et al:  An epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echovirus type 30: Epidemiologic features and clinical and laboratory findings . Amer J Public Health 60:1447-1455, 1970;.
14 +
Kaplan GJ, Clark PS, Bender TR, et al:  Echovirus type 30 meningitis and related febrile illness: Epidemiologic study of an outbreak in an Eskimo community . Amer J Epidem 92:257-265, 1970;.
15 +
Gould KL:  Aseptic meningitis associated with echovirus type 9' on Oahu, Hawaii . Amer J Public Health 60:2336-2344, 1970;.
16 +
Elvin-Lewis M, Melnick JL:  ECHO 11 virus associated with aseptic meningitis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 102:647-649, 1959;.
17 +
Miller DG, Gabrielson MO, Bart KJ, et al:  An epidemic of aseptic meningitis, primarily among infants, caused by echovirus 11-prime . Pediatrics 41:77-90, 1968;.
18 +
Kleinman H, Cooney MK, Nelson CB, et al:  Aseptic meningitis and paralytic disease due to newly recognized enterovirus . JAMA 187:90-95, 1964;.
19 +
Plager H, Deibel R:  Echo 30 virus infections: Outbreak in New York state . New York J Med 70:391-393, 1970;.
20 +
 Aseptic meningitis—United States 1970 . Morbid Mortal Week Rep 19:357-358, 1970;.
21 +
 Aseptic meningitis , Richmond, Virginia. Morbid Mortal Week Rep 19:421-422, 1970;.
22 +
Person DA, Smith TF, Hermann EC Jr:  Outbreak of echovirus-3 meningoencephalitis . Lancet 1:238, 1971;.
23 +
Nogen AG, Lepow ML:  Enteroviral meningitis in very young infants . Pediatrics 40:617-626, 1967;.

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