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April 1972, Vol 123, No. 4 >
Article | April 1972

Clinical Aspects of Acute Forms of Viral Hepatitis FREE

Ettore A. Rossi, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Children's Hospital, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse 23, CH-3008 Berne, Switzerland (Dr. Rossi).


Am J Dis Child. 1972;123(4):277-281. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110100009004.
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References
Comments

An infectious icterus which assumed an epidemic course was known to Hippocrates who described it in 377 BC. Subsequently, Galen and Celsius gave a relatively good description of the disease. According to Varay and Berthelot,1 it represents one of the most peculiar diseases of our times; although it has always existed in both epidemic and endemic forms, its anatomical substrate and its viral origin have only been recognized recently.

The term "viral hepatitis" refers to two etiological entities: the "infectious or type A hepatitis" and the "serum or type B hepatitis." In the acute phase the clinical findings in both types are fairly analogous. However, certain differences exist. The initial phase in "serum hepatitis" tends to be more insidious, the icterus often being the first manifestation; in children this form may start suddenly, in less than 24 hours.2,3 Fever is unusual in serum hepatitis and, if present, is

REFERENCES

1 +
Varay A, Barthelot J: Les Hépatites Virales . Paris, Masson & Cie, 1969;.
2 +
Weizel A, Linhart P, Heilmann K:  Hepatitiden nach Gebrauch von Rauschgift und Halluzinogenen . Deutsch Med Wschr 96:445-448, 1971;.
Link to Article
3 +
d'Oelsnitz M, Robini V, Plissier M, et al:  L'hépatite virale épidémique chez l'enfant: À propos de 50 cas observés en 2 ans et demi . Pediatrie 22:903-909, 1967;.
4 +
Jakob G, Reinhard H, Kaboth U, et al:  Zur Prognose der Transfusionshepatitis: Beobachtungen von 90 Patienten . Deutsch Med Wschr 96:686-692, 1971;.
Link to Article
5 +
Rössler R, Havemann K:  Zur Pathogenese der chronischen Hepatitis . Deutsch Med Wschr 95:34-39, 1970;.
Link to Article
6 +
Havens WP Jr:  Infectious hepatitis . Medicine 27:279-326, 1948;.
Link to Article
7 +
Caroli J: Diagnostic des Ictères par Rétention . Paris, Masson & Cie, 1956;, vol 1.
8 +
Droller H:  An outbreak of hepatitis in a diabetic clinic . Brit Med J 1:623-625, 1945;.
Link to Article
9 +
Selander P:  Epidemischer und sporadischer Ikterus: Eine statistisch-epidemiologische und klinische Untersuchung . Acta Paediat 23( (suppl 4) ):3-251, 1939;.
10 +
Siede W:  Krankheiten durch postulierte Viren: Virushepatitis , in Gsell O, Mohr W: Infektionskrankheiten . Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1967;, p 753.
11 +
Findlay GM, Martin NH, Mitchell JB:  Hepatitis after yellow fever inoculation: Relation to infective hepatitis . Lancet 2:301, 1944;.
Link to Article
12 +
Sherlock S: Krankheiten der Leber und der Gallenwege . Munich, Germany, JF Lehmann, 1965;.
13 +
Siede W, Klamp A:  Die Behandlung der akuten Virushepatitis . Ther Umsch 6:280-286, 1963;.
14 +
Stockinger W:  Cholezystopathien nach Hepatitis epidemica . Deutsch Med Wschr 72:476-477, 1947;.
Link to Article
15 +
Fahrländer H, Hess W:  L'ictère dans les pancréatites . Rev Int Hepat 5:273-283, 1955;.
16 +
Lainer F:  Zur Frage der Infektiosität des Ikterus . Wien Klin Wschr 53:601-604, 1960;.
17 +
Rating B, Vogt H:  Gastroskopische beobachtete Magenschleimhautveränderungen bei Hepatitis contagiosa . Deutsch Z Verdauungskr 11:49-55, 1951;.
18 +
Vest MF:  Zum Verhalten von freiem Bilirubin, Bilirubinmonoglukuronid und diglukuronid sowie der freien Fettsäuren bei Hepatitis epidemica . Schweiz Med Wschr 92:940-943, 1962;.
19 +
Hartmann F:  Einige Grundprobleme der Storung der Laborfunktion bei der Hepatitis und ihren Folgezuständen . Verh Deutsch Ges Inn Med 63:213-256, 1957;.
20 +
Arakelov RA:  Clinical significance of a coagulant and anticoagulant blood system in epidemic hepatitis (Botkin's disease) . Ter Arkh 8:33, 1963;.
21 +
Kishko AM, Roshkovictch IV:  The vitamina E syvortke krovi bol'nykh bolezn'iu Botkina. (The vitamin E serum content in patients with Botkin's disease.) Klin Med 41:27-28, 1963;.
22 +
Levy RN, Sawitsky A, Florman AL, et al:  Fatal aplastic anemia after hepatitis: Report of five cases . New Eng J Med 273:1118-1123, 1965;.
Link to Article
23 +
Krugman S, Ward R: Infectious Diseases of Children . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1964;.
24 +
Lange FC, Ströder J, Sprenger H:  Über den Nachweis von Korrelationen zwischen Serumbilirubin, SGPT und Körperwachstum bei Hepatitis epidemica des Kindes als klinisch-epidemiologische Kennzeichen . Z Kinderheilk 101:91-103, 1967;.
Link to Article
25 +
Gsell O:  Virus Hepatitis und ärztliche Unfallversicherung (Infektionsklausel) . Schweiz Med Wschr 92:1413-1415, 1962;.
26 +
Markoff NG:  Hepatitis epidemica . Schweiz Med Wschr 12:349-351, 1943;.
27 +
Williams H:  Epidemic jaundice in New York State 1921-1922 . JAMA 80:532-534, 1923;.
Link to Article
28 +
Heilmeyer L: Handbuch der Inneren Medizin . Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1951;, vol 2.
29 +
Colombo JP:  Congenital disorders of the urea cycle and ammonia detoxication , in Monographs in Paediatrics . Basel, S Karger AG, 1971;, vol 1.

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References

1 +
Varay A, Barthelot J: Les Hépatites Virales . Paris, Masson & Cie, 1969;.
2 +
Weizel A, Linhart P, Heilmann K:  Hepatitiden nach Gebrauch von Rauschgift und Halluzinogenen . Deutsch Med Wschr 96:445-448, 1971;.
Link to Article
3 +
d'Oelsnitz M, Robini V, Plissier M, et al:  L'hépatite virale épidémique chez l'enfant: À propos de 50 cas observés en 2 ans et demi . Pediatrie 22:903-909, 1967;.
4 +
Jakob G, Reinhard H, Kaboth U, et al:  Zur Prognose der Transfusionshepatitis: Beobachtungen von 90 Patienten . Deutsch Med Wschr 96:686-692, 1971;.
Link to Article
5 +
Rössler R, Havemann K:  Zur Pathogenese der chronischen Hepatitis . Deutsch Med Wschr 95:34-39, 1970;.
Link to Article
6 +
Havens WP Jr:  Infectious hepatitis . Medicine 27:279-326, 1948;.
Link to Article
7 +
Caroli J: Diagnostic des Ictères par Rétention . Paris, Masson & Cie, 1956;, vol 1.
8 +
Droller H:  An outbreak of hepatitis in a diabetic clinic . Brit Med J 1:623-625, 1945;.
Link to Article
9 +
Selander P:  Epidemischer und sporadischer Ikterus: Eine statistisch-epidemiologische und klinische Untersuchung . Acta Paediat 23( (suppl 4) ):3-251, 1939;.
10 +
Siede W:  Krankheiten durch postulierte Viren: Virushepatitis , in Gsell O, Mohr W: Infektionskrankheiten . Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1967;, p 753.
11 +
Findlay GM, Martin NH, Mitchell JB:  Hepatitis after yellow fever inoculation: Relation to infective hepatitis . Lancet 2:301, 1944;.
Link to Article
12 +
Sherlock S: Krankheiten der Leber und der Gallenwege . Munich, Germany, JF Lehmann, 1965;.
13 +
Siede W, Klamp A:  Die Behandlung der akuten Virushepatitis . Ther Umsch 6:280-286, 1963;.
14 +
Stockinger W:  Cholezystopathien nach Hepatitis epidemica . Deutsch Med Wschr 72:476-477, 1947;.
Link to Article
15 +
Fahrländer H, Hess W:  L'ictère dans les pancréatites . Rev Int Hepat 5:273-283, 1955;.
16 +
Lainer F:  Zur Frage der Infektiosität des Ikterus . Wien Klin Wschr 53:601-604, 1960;.
17 +
Rating B, Vogt H:  Gastroskopische beobachtete Magenschleimhautveränderungen bei Hepatitis contagiosa . Deutsch Z Verdauungskr 11:49-55, 1951;.
18 +
Vest MF:  Zum Verhalten von freiem Bilirubin, Bilirubinmonoglukuronid und diglukuronid sowie der freien Fettsäuren bei Hepatitis epidemica . Schweiz Med Wschr 92:940-943, 1962;.
19 +
Hartmann F:  Einige Grundprobleme der Storung der Laborfunktion bei der Hepatitis und ihren Folgezuständen . Verh Deutsch Ges Inn Med 63:213-256, 1957;.
20 +
Arakelov RA:  Clinical significance of a coagulant and anticoagulant blood system in epidemic hepatitis (Botkin's disease) . Ter Arkh 8:33, 1963;.
21 +
Kishko AM, Roshkovictch IV:  The vitamina E syvortke krovi bol'nykh bolezn'iu Botkina. (The vitamin E serum content in patients with Botkin's disease.) Klin Med 41:27-28, 1963;.
22 +
Levy RN, Sawitsky A, Florman AL, et al:  Fatal aplastic anemia after hepatitis: Report of five cases . New Eng J Med 273:1118-1123, 1965;.
Link to Article
23 +
Krugman S, Ward R: Infectious Diseases of Children . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1964;.
24 +
Lange FC, Ströder J, Sprenger H:  Über den Nachweis von Korrelationen zwischen Serumbilirubin, SGPT und Körperwachstum bei Hepatitis epidemica des Kindes als klinisch-epidemiologische Kennzeichen . Z Kinderheilk 101:91-103, 1967;.
Link to Article
25 +
Gsell O:  Virus Hepatitis und ärztliche Unfallversicherung (Infektionsklausel) . Schweiz Med Wschr 92:1413-1415, 1962;.
26 +
Markoff NG:  Hepatitis epidemica . Schweiz Med Wschr 12:349-351, 1943;.
27 +
Williams H:  Epidemic jaundice in New York State 1921-1922 . JAMA 80:532-534, 1923;.
Link to Article
28 +
Heilmeyer L: Handbuch der Inneren Medizin . Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1951;, vol 2.
29 +
Colombo JP:  Congenital disorders of the urea cycle and ammonia detoxication , in Monographs in Paediatrics . Basel, S Karger AG, 1971;, vol 1.

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