0
Article |

Uses and Abuses of Hyposensitization in Children FREE

Douglas E. Johnstone, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Received for publication April 22, 1971; accepted Sept 10.

Read before the joint meeting of the sections on pediatrics and allergy at the 119th annual convention of the American Medical Association, Chicago, June 23, 1970.

Reprint requests to Room GG 323, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 260 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14620 (Dr. Johnstone).


Am J Dis Child. 1972;123(1):78-83. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110070128022.
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Treatment of atopic disorders should be designed to lessen, prevent, or eliminate the symptoms they cause. When avoidance of offending allergens by dietary elimination or environmental controls is impractical or impossible, hyposensitization may benefit some hypersensitivity states. For some atopic conditions hyposensitization has been shown to be effective. For others it is of questionable or no value. If physicians who treat allergic persons will familiarize themselves with those situations in which hyposensitization therapy is of clinical value, huge rewards will ensue for the patient and the community in which he lives. To fail to do so, or to ignore the abuses of hyposensitization therapy in the light of present knowledge is indefensible.

REFERENCES

Johnstone DE:  End results of allergy in infants and children . New York J Med 64:2303-2306, 1964;.
London AH:  The composition of an average pediatric practice . J Pediat 10:762-771, 1937;.
Link to Article
Dees S:  Asthma in infants and young children . JAMA 175:365-369, 1961;.
Link to Article
US Public Health Survey: Chronic Respiratory Conditions Reported in Interviews: Health Statistics for United States Health Survey . Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1959;, series B, No. (12) , p 2.
Appel SJ, Szanton VI, Rapaport HG:  Survey of allergy in a pediatric population . Penn Med 64:621-625, 1961;.
Sheldon JM, Lovell RG, Mathews KP: A Manual of Clinical Allergy , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1967;, pp 402-405.
Connell JT:  Quantitative intranasal pollen challenge: II. Effect of daily pollen challenge, environmental pollen exposure and placebo challenge on the nasal membrane . J Allerg 41:123-139, 1968;.
Link to Article
Siegel SC:  Corticosteroids and ACTH in the management of the atopic child . Pediat Clin N Amer 16:287-304, 1969;.
Noon L:  Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever . Lancet 1:1572-1573, 1911;.
Link to Article
Sadan N, Rhyne MB, Mellitis ED, et al:  Immunotherapy of pollinosis in children: Immunologic basis of improvement . New Eng J Med 280:623-627, 1969;.
Link to Article
Norman PS:  A Rational approach to desensitization . J Allerg 44:129-145, 1969;.
Link to Article
Mueller HL:  Insect allergy . Pediat Clin N Amer 6:917-922, 1959;.
Marks MB:  Stinging insects: Allergy implications . Pediat Clin N Amer 16:177-191, 1969;.
Barnard JH:  Severe hidden, delayed reactions from insect stings . New York J Med 66:1206-1210, 1966;.
Fogel BJ, Weinberg T, Markowitz M:  A fatal connective tissue disease following a wasp sting . Amer J Dis Child 114:325-329, 1967;.
Insect Allergy Committee of the American Academy of Allergy:  Insect sting allergy: Questionnaire study of 2,606 cases . JAMA 193:115-120, 1965;.
Link to Article
Houser DD, Caplin I:  Insect sting allergy: A clinical review . Amer J Dis Child 113:498-503, 1967;.
Reisman RE:  Stinging insect allergy . J Allerg 46:254, 1970;.
Link to Article
Figley KD:  Asthma due to mayfly . Amer J Med Sci 178:338-345, 1929;.
Link to Article
Parlato ST:  The sandfly (caddis fly) as an exciting cause of allergic coryza and asthma: II. Its relative frequency . J Allerg 1:307-312, 1930;.
Link to Article
Johnstone DE:  Pediatric allergy in relation to pediatric practice . Ann Allerg 28:55-63, 1970;.
Helmy RB:  Anaphylactic reaction to fire ant . Hawaii Med J 29:368, 1970;.
Parrish HM:  Analysis of 460 fatalities from venomous animals in the US . Amer J Med Sci 245:129, 1963;.
Link to Article
Broder I, Barlow PP, Horton RJ:  The epidemiology of asthma and hay fever in a total community, Tecumseh, Michigan: 2. The relationship between asthma and hay fever . J Allerg 33:524-531, 1962;.
Link to Article
Criep LH:  The importance of allergy in the practice of pediatrics . Penn Med 46:816-821, 1943;.
Van der Veer A, Cooke RA: Allergy in Theory and Practice . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1947;, p 183.
Peshkin MM:  Allergy in children . Progr Allerg 3:21-141, 1952;.
Waldbott GL:  The treatment of chronic intractable asthma with pollen extracts . Ann Intern Med 7:508-517, 1953;.
Pedvis S, Fox ZR, Bacal HL:  Long-term follow-up of ragweed hay fever in children . Ann Allerg 20:569-577, 1962;.
Johnstone DE:  Study of the role of antigen dosage in the treatment of pollenosis and pollen asthma . Amer J Dis Child 94:1-5, 1957;.
Johnstone DE:  The value of the low dosage method of hyposensitization therapy in perennial bronchial asthma in children . Ann Allerg 18:70-74, 1960;.
Johnstone DE, Crump L:  The value of hyposensitization therapy of perennial bronchial asthma in children . Pediatrics 27:39-44, 1961;.
Johnstone DE, Dutton A:  The value of hyposensitization therapy for bronchial asthma in children: A 14-year study . Pediatrics 42:793-802, 1968;.
Franklin W, Lowell FC:  A comparison of two dosages of ragweed extract in the treatment of pollenosis . JAMA 201:915-917, 1967;.
Link to Article
Frankland AW, Augustin R:  Prophylaxis of summer hay fever and asthma . Lancet 1:1055-1057, 1954;.
Link to Article
Lowell FC, Franklin W, Williams M:  A "double-blind" study of treatment with aqueous allergenic extracts in cases of allergic rhinitis . J Allerg 34:165-182, 1963;.
Link to Article
Brown EA, Nobili C, Sannella T, et al:  Dyspnea and diminished vital capacity as a symptom and sign of hay fever . Dis Chest 12:205, 1946;.
Link to Article
Townley RG, Dennis M, Itkin I:  Comparative actions of acetyl-beta-methylcholine, histamine and pollen antigens in subjects with hay fever and patients with bronchial asthma . J Allerg 36:121, 1965;.
Link to Article
Curry JJ:  The action of histamine on the respiratory tract in normal and asthmatic subjects . J Clin Invest 25:785, 1946;.
Link to Article
Shiller IW, Lowell FC:  The effects of drugs in modifying the response of asthmatic subjects to inhalation of pollen extracts as determined by vital capacity measurements . Ann Allerg 5:546, 1947;.
Glaser J: Allergy in Children . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1956;, pp 299-310.
Solow IA:  Analysis of 50 cases of serous otitis media . Ann Allerg 16:297-299, 1958;.
Leck HI:  Allergic aspects of serous otitis media in childhood . New York J Med 61:2737-2749, 1961;.
Szanton VL, Szanton WC:  Hearing disturbances in allergic children . Ann Allerg 19:1177-1187, 1961;.
Gellis SS: The Year Book of Pediatrics . Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, 1960;-1961, p 143.
McGovern JP, Haywood TJ, Fernandez A:  Allergy and secretory otitis media . JAMA 200:124-128, 1967;.
Link to Article
Flensborg EW:  Prognosis for bronchial asthma arising in infancy after nonspecific treatment hitherto applied . Acta Paediat 33:4-23, 1945;.
Link to Article
Ryzzing E:  Continued follow-up investigation concerning the fate of 298 asthmatic children . Acta Paediat 48:255-260, 1959;.
Johnstone DE:  A study of the natural history of bronchial asthma in children . Amer J Dis Child 115:213-216, 1968;.
Rackemann FM, Edwards MC:  Asthma in children: A follow-up study of 688 patients after an interval of 20 years . New Eng J Med 246:858-863, 1952;.
Link to Article
Solomon WR, Sheldon J, Lovell R, et al: A Manual of Clinical Allergy , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1967;, p 87.
Johnstone DE:  Hyposensitization therapy for atopic diseases , in Brennemann G (ed): Practice of Pediatrics . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1969;, vol 11, chap 75, pp 5-6.
Walker IC:  Causation of eczema, urticaria and angioneurotic edema by proteins other than those derived from foods , JAMA 70:897-900, 1918;.
Link to Article
Hill LW:  Wool as a cause of eczema in a child . New Eng J Med 245:407-409, 1951;.
Link to Article
Tuft L:  Importance of inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis . J Invest Derm 12:211-219, 1949;.
Flensborg EW:  Universal reactions in treatment with bacterial vaccines . Acta Paediat 39:192-214, 1950;.
Link to Article
Crump J:  Value of vaccine treatment in allergic respiratory conditions . Ped Clin N Amer 4:987-993, 1954;.
Johnstone DE:  Study of the value of bacterial vaccines in the treatment of bronchial asthma associated with respiratory infections . Pediatrics 24:427-433, 1959;.
Meuller HL, Lanz M:  Hyposensi tization with bacterial vaccine in infectious asthma: A double-blind study and a longitudinal study . JAMA 208:1379-1383, 1969;.
Link to Article
Singer SH, Hardegree MC:  Induction of interferon by bacterial vaccines and allergenic extracts . J Allerg 47:332, 1971;.
Sherman WB, Kessler WR: Allergy in Pediatric Practice . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1957;, pp 240-241.
Kanof MB, Baer RL:  Attempts to hyposensitize with poison ivy extracts . Ann Allerg 22:161-164, 1964;.
Kligman AM:  Hyposensitization against rhus dermatitis . Arch Derm 78:47-72, 1958;.
Link to Article
Frazier CA: Insect Allergy-Allergic and Toxic Reactions to Insects and Other Anthropods . St. Louis, Warren H Green Co, 1969;, pp 120-144.
Rovito J:  Non-specific therapy in allergy: A follow-up report . Amer Practit 7:1447-1453, 1956;.
Reeds LS:  Allergy in infants and children: A new therapeutic approach . Amer Practit 9:416-420, 1958;.
Kamin SH, Nastasi L, Westlin W, et al:  The treatment of allergy with extract of toxicodendrum quercifolia: A controlled series . Pediatrics 22:887-891, 1958;.

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References

Johnstone DE:  End results of allergy in infants and children . New York J Med 64:2303-2306, 1964;.
London AH:  The composition of an average pediatric practice . J Pediat 10:762-771, 1937;.
Link to Article
Dees S:  Asthma in infants and young children . JAMA 175:365-369, 1961;.
Link to Article
US Public Health Survey: Chronic Respiratory Conditions Reported in Interviews: Health Statistics for United States Health Survey . Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1959;, series B, No. (12) , p 2.
Appel SJ, Szanton VI, Rapaport HG:  Survey of allergy in a pediatric population . Penn Med 64:621-625, 1961;.
Sheldon JM, Lovell RG, Mathews KP: A Manual of Clinical Allergy , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1967;, pp 402-405.
Connell JT:  Quantitative intranasal pollen challenge: II. Effect of daily pollen challenge, environmental pollen exposure and placebo challenge on the nasal membrane . J Allerg 41:123-139, 1968;.
Link to Article
Siegel SC:  Corticosteroids and ACTH in the management of the atopic child . Pediat Clin N Amer 16:287-304, 1969;.
Noon L:  Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever . Lancet 1:1572-1573, 1911;.
Link to Article
Sadan N, Rhyne MB, Mellitis ED, et al:  Immunotherapy of pollinosis in children: Immunologic basis of improvement . New Eng J Med 280:623-627, 1969;.
Link to Article
Norman PS:  A Rational approach to desensitization . J Allerg 44:129-145, 1969;.
Link to Article
Mueller HL:  Insect allergy . Pediat Clin N Amer 6:917-922, 1959;.
Marks MB:  Stinging insects: Allergy implications . Pediat Clin N Amer 16:177-191, 1969;.
Barnard JH:  Severe hidden, delayed reactions from insect stings . New York J Med 66:1206-1210, 1966;.
Fogel BJ, Weinberg T, Markowitz M:  A fatal connective tissue disease following a wasp sting . Amer J Dis Child 114:325-329, 1967;.
Insect Allergy Committee of the American Academy of Allergy:  Insect sting allergy: Questionnaire study of 2,606 cases . JAMA 193:115-120, 1965;.
Link to Article
Houser DD, Caplin I:  Insect sting allergy: A clinical review . Amer J Dis Child 113:498-503, 1967;.
Reisman RE:  Stinging insect allergy . J Allerg 46:254, 1970;.
Link to Article
Figley KD:  Asthma due to mayfly . Amer J Med Sci 178:338-345, 1929;.
Link to Article
Parlato ST:  The sandfly (caddis fly) as an exciting cause of allergic coryza and asthma: II. Its relative frequency . J Allerg 1:307-312, 1930;.
Link to Article
Johnstone DE:  Pediatric allergy in relation to pediatric practice . Ann Allerg 28:55-63, 1970;.
Helmy RB:  Anaphylactic reaction to fire ant . Hawaii Med J 29:368, 1970;.
Parrish HM:  Analysis of 460 fatalities from venomous animals in the US . Amer J Med Sci 245:129, 1963;.
Link to Article
Broder I, Barlow PP, Horton RJ:  The epidemiology of asthma and hay fever in a total community, Tecumseh, Michigan: 2. The relationship between asthma and hay fever . J Allerg 33:524-531, 1962;.
Link to Article
Criep LH:  The importance of allergy in the practice of pediatrics . Penn Med 46:816-821, 1943;.
Van der Veer A, Cooke RA: Allergy in Theory and Practice . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1947;, p 183.
Peshkin MM:  Allergy in children . Progr Allerg 3:21-141, 1952;.
Waldbott GL:  The treatment of chronic intractable asthma with pollen extracts . Ann Intern Med 7:508-517, 1953;.
Pedvis S, Fox ZR, Bacal HL:  Long-term follow-up of ragweed hay fever in children . Ann Allerg 20:569-577, 1962;.
Johnstone DE:  Study of the role of antigen dosage in the treatment of pollenosis and pollen asthma . Amer J Dis Child 94:1-5, 1957;.
Johnstone DE:  The value of the low dosage method of hyposensitization therapy in perennial bronchial asthma in children . Ann Allerg 18:70-74, 1960;.
Johnstone DE, Crump L:  The value of hyposensitization therapy of perennial bronchial asthma in children . Pediatrics 27:39-44, 1961;.
Johnstone DE, Dutton A:  The value of hyposensitization therapy for bronchial asthma in children: A 14-year study . Pediatrics 42:793-802, 1968;.
Franklin W, Lowell FC:  A comparison of two dosages of ragweed extract in the treatment of pollenosis . JAMA 201:915-917, 1967;.
Link to Article
Frankland AW, Augustin R:  Prophylaxis of summer hay fever and asthma . Lancet 1:1055-1057, 1954;.
Link to Article
Lowell FC, Franklin W, Williams M:  A "double-blind" study of treatment with aqueous allergenic extracts in cases of allergic rhinitis . J Allerg 34:165-182, 1963;.
Link to Article
Brown EA, Nobili C, Sannella T, et al:  Dyspnea and diminished vital capacity as a symptom and sign of hay fever . Dis Chest 12:205, 1946;.
Link to Article
Townley RG, Dennis M, Itkin I:  Comparative actions of acetyl-beta-methylcholine, histamine and pollen antigens in subjects with hay fever and patients with bronchial asthma . J Allerg 36:121, 1965;.
Link to Article
Curry JJ:  The action of histamine on the respiratory tract in normal and asthmatic subjects . J Clin Invest 25:785, 1946;.
Link to Article
Shiller IW, Lowell FC:  The effects of drugs in modifying the response of asthmatic subjects to inhalation of pollen extracts as determined by vital capacity measurements . Ann Allerg 5:546, 1947;.
Glaser J: Allergy in Children . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1956;, pp 299-310.
Solow IA:  Analysis of 50 cases of serous otitis media . Ann Allerg 16:297-299, 1958;.
Leck HI:  Allergic aspects of serous otitis media in childhood . New York J Med 61:2737-2749, 1961;.
Szanton VL, Szanton WC:  Hearing disturbances in allergic children . Ann Allerg 19:1177-1187, 1961;.
Gellis SS: The Year Book of Pediatrics . Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, 1960;-1961, p 143.
McGovern JP, Haywood TJ, Fernandez A:  Allergy and secretory otitis media . JAMA 200:124-128, 1967;.
Link to Article
Flensborg EW:  Prognosis for bronchial asthma arising in infancy after nonspecific treatment hitherto applied . Acta Paediat 33:4-23, 1945;.
Link to Article
Ryzzing E:  Continued follow-up investigation concerning the fate of 298 asthmatic children . Acta Paediat 48:255-260, 1959;.
Johnstone DE:  A study of the natural history of bronchial asthma in children . Amer J Dis Child 115:213-216, 1968;.
Rackemann FM, Edwards MC:  Asthma in children: A follow-up study of 688 patients after an interval of 20 years . New Eng J Med 246:858-863, 1952;.
Link to Article
Solomon WR, Sheldon J, Lovell R, et al: A Manual of Clinical Allergy , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1967;, p 87.
Johnstone DE:  Hyposensitization therapy for atopic diseases , in Brennemann G (ed): Practice of Pediatrics . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1969;, vol 11, chap 75, pp 5-6.
Walker IC:  Causation of eczema, urticaria and angioneurotic edema by proteins other than those derived from foods , JAMA 70:897-900, 1918;.
Link to Article
Hill LW:  Wool as a cause of eczema in a child . New Eng J Med 245:407-409, 1951;.
Link to Article
Tuft L:  Importance of inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis . J Invest Derm 12:211-219, 1949;.
Flensborg EW:  Universal reactions in treatment with bacterial vaccines . Acta Paediat 39:192-214, 1950;.
Link to Article
Crump J:  Value of vaccine treatment in allergic respiratory conditions . Ped Clin N Amer 4:987-993, 1954;.
Johnstone DE:  Study of the value of bacterial vaccines in the treatment of bronchial asthma associated with respiratory infections . Pediatrics 24:427-433, 1959;.
Meuller HL, Lanz M:  Hyposensi tization with bacterial vaccine in infectious asthma: A double-blind study and a longitudinal study . JAMA 208:1379-1383, 1969;.
Link to Article
Singer SH, Hardegree MC:  Induction of interferon by bacterial vaccines and allergenic extracts . J Allerg 47:332, 1971;.
Sherman WB, Kessler WR: Allergy in Pediatric Practice . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1957;, pp 240-241.
Kanof MB, Baer RL:  Attempts to hyposensitize with poison ivy extracts . Ann Allerg 22:161-164, 1964;.
Kligman AM:  Hyposensitization against rhus dermatitis . Arch Derm 78:47-72, 1958;.
Link to Article
Frazier CA: Insect Allergy-Allergic and Toxic Reactions to Insects and Other Anthropods . St. Louis, Warren H Green Co, 1969;, pp 120-144.
Rovito J:  Non-specific therapy in allergy: A follow-up report . Amer Practit 7:1447-1453, 1956;.
Reeds LS:  Allergy in infants and children: A new therapeutic approach . Amer Practit 9:416-420, 1958;.
Kamin SH, Nastasi L, Westlin W, et al:  The treatment of allergy with extract of toxicodendrum quercifolia: A controlled series . Pediatrics 22:887-891, 1958;.

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