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January 1972, Vol 123, No. 1 >
Article | January 1972

Epidemiological Implications of Rubella "Vaccine Failures" FREE

Jeanette Wilkins, MD; John M. Leedom, MD; Bernard Portnoy, MD; Margaret A. Salvatore
[+] Author Affiliations

Received for publication May 24, 1971; accepted Sept 15.

Reprint requests to University of Southern California, School of Medicine, 1200 N State St, Los Angeles 90033 (Dr. Wilkins).


Am J Dis Child. 1972;123(1):31-33. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110070081009.
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References
Comments

The responses of two rubella virus vaccine, live attenuated HPV-80 "vaccine failures" to intranasal challenge with low passage Brown stain of rubella virus were studied. Results indicated that "vaccine failures" shed live rubella virus from their pharynges for an extended period. These data are in contrast to those reported concerning reinfected vaccine-immunes. Further, following challenge, "vaccine failures" do not exhibit the signs and symptoms of clinical rubella. "Vaccine failures" may play a role in the transmission of this disease.

REFERENCES

1 +
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Rubella Immunization , Bethesda, Md, (Feb 18) -20, 1969: Sessions III, IV, V, and VI. Amer J Dis Child 118:155-410, 1969;.
2 +
Sabin AB, Ramos-Alvarez M, Alvarez-Amezquita J, et al:  Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine: Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses . JAMA 173:1521-1526, 1960;.
Link to Article
3 +
Feldman RA, Holquin AH, Gelfand HM:  Oral poliovirus vaccination in children: A study suggesting enteriovirus interference . Pediatrics 33:526-533, 1964;.
4 +
Krugman S, Warren J, Eiger MS, et al:  Immunization with live attenuated poliovirus vaccine . Amer J Dis Child 101:23-27, 1961;.
5 +
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Measles Immunization , Bethesda, Md, (Nov 7) -9, 1961: Session III. Amer J Dis Child 103:335-394, 1962;.
6 +
Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, et al:  Live attenuated mumps-virus vaccine: 3. Clinical and serological aspects in a field evaluation . New Eng J Med 276:245-258, 1967;.
Link to Article
7 +
Horowitz SD, Nagatani MD, Bowen GS, et al:  The acquisition of delayed hypersensitivity following attenuated mumps virus infection . Pediatrics 45:77-82, 1970;.
8 +
Wilkins J, Leedom JM, Salvatore MA, et al: Transmission of rubella vaccine virus from vaccinees to contacts. Calif Med, to be published.
9 +
Wilkins J, Leedom JM, Portnoy B, et al:  Reinfection with rubella virus despite live vaccine induced immunity . Amer J Dis Child 118:275-294, 1969;.
10 +
Parkman PD, Phillips PE, Kirschstein RL, et al:  Experimental rubella virus infection in the rhesus monkey . J Immunol 95:743-752, 1965;.
11 +
Schiff GM, Sever JL: Rubella:  Recent laboratory and clinical advances . Prog Med Virol 8:3061, 1966;.
12 +
Ingalls TI: Rubella:  Epidemiology, virology, and immunology: I. The epidemiology of rubella . Amer J Med Sci 253:356-364, 1967;.
13 +
Plotkin SA:  Rubella: Epidemiology, virology, and immunology: II. The virology of rubella . Amer J Med Sci 253:356-364, 1967;.
14 +
Schiff GM, Sever JL, Huebner RJ:  Experimental rubella . Arch Intern Med 116:537-543, 1965;.
Link to Article
15 +
Schiff GM, Donath R, Rotte T:  Experimental rubella studies. I. Clinical and laboratory features of infection caused by the Brown strain rubella virus. II. Artificial challenge studies of adult vaccinees . Amer J Dis Child 118:269-274, 1969;.
16 +
Davis WJ, Larson HE, Simsarian JP, et al:  A study of rubella immunity and resistance to reinfection . JAMA 215:600-608, 1971;.
Link to Article
17 +
Horstmann DM, Liebhaber H, Le Bouvier GL, et al:  Rubella: Reinfection of vaccinated and naturally immune persons exposed in an epidemic . New Eng J Med 283:771-778, 1970;.
Link to Article

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Rubella Immunization , Bethesda, Md, (Feb 18) -20, 1969: Sessions III, IV, V, and VI. Amer J Dis Child 118:155-410, 1969;.
2 +
Sabin AB, Ramos-Alvarez M, Alvarez-Amezquita J, et al:  Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine: Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses . JAMA 173:1521-1526, 1960;.
Link to Article
3 +
Feldman RA, Holquin AH, Gelfand HM:  Oral poliovirus vaccination in children: A study suggesting enteriovirus interference . Pediatrics 33:526-533, 1964;.
4 +
Krugman S, Warren J, Eiger MS, et al:  Immunization with live attenuated poliovirus vaccine . Amer J Dis Child 101:23-27, 1961;.
5 +
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Measles Immunization , Bethesda, Md, (Nov 7) -9, 1961: Session III. Amer J Dis Child 103:335-394, 1962;.
6 +
Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, et al:  Live attenuated mumps-virus vaccine: 3. Clinical and serological aspects in a field evaluation . New Eng J Med 276:245-258, 1967;.
Link to Article
7 +
Horowitz SD, Nagatani MD, Bowen GS, et al:  The acquisition of delayed hypersensitivity following attenuated mumps virus infection . Pediatrics 45:77-82, 1970;.
8 +
Wilkins J, Leedom JM, Salvatore MA, et al: Transmission of rubella vaccine virus from vaccinees to contacts. Calif Med, to be published.
9 +
Wilkins J, Leedom JM, Portnoy B, et al:  Reinfection with rubella virus despite live vaccine induced immunity . Amer J Dis Child 118:275-294, 1969;.
10 +
Parkman PD, Phillips PE, Kirschstein RL, et al:  Experimental rubella virus infection in the rhesus monkey . J Immunol 95:743-752, 1965;.
11 +
Schiff GM, Sever JL: Rubella:  Recent laboratory and clinical advances . Prog Med Virol 8:3061, 1966;.
12 +
Ingalls TI: Rubella:  Epidemiology, virology, and immunology: I. The epidemiology of rubella . Amer J Med Sci 253:356-364, 1967;.
13 +
Plotkin SA:  Rubella: Epidemiology, virology, and immunology: II. The virology of rubella . Amer J Med Sci 253:356-364, 1967;.
14 +
Schiff GM, Sever JL, Huebner RJ:  Experimental rubella . Arch Intern Med 116:537-543, 1965;.
Link to Article
15 +
Schiff GM, Donath R, Rotte T:  Experimental rubella studies. I. Clinical and laboratory features of infection caused by the Brown strain rubella virus. II. Artificial challenge studies of adult vaccinees . Amer J Dis Child 118:269-274, 1969;.
16 +
Davis WJ, Larson HE, Simsarian JP, et al:  A study of rubella immunity and resistance to reinfection . JAMA 215:600-608, 1971;.
Link to Article
17 +
Horstmann DM, Liebhaber H, Le Bouvier GL, et al:  Rubella: Reinfection of vaccinated and naturally immune persons exposed in an epidemic . New Eng J Med 283:771-778, 1970;.
Link to Article

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