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Plasma Growth Hormone and Insulin Responses in Short Children FREE

Donald A. Hillman, MD; Eleanor Colle, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Received for publication Sept 30, 1968.

Reprint requests to the Department of Endocrinology, Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper St, Montreal (Dr. Hillman).


Am J Dis Child. 1969;117(6):636-644. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1969.02100030638004.
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The DIAGNOSIS of dwarfism due to failure of the pituitary gland to produce growth hormone can now be firmly established on the basis of low plasma growth hormone (PGH) levels and a failure to increase PGH concentration following a variety of stimulants.

Systematic study of large numbers of children with growth retardation suggests that failure of growth hormone production and release is the cause of the observed growth failure in less than 10%.

Careful examination of the PGH response to stimulation has failed to indicate any abnormality of the pattern of response that is consistently associated with any of the other types of growth failure.

This report presents the PGH responses of 112 short children to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and compares the responses produced by hypoglycemia to the responses observed following arginine hydrochloride and lypressin.

The measurement of plasma insulin in addition to PGH during these standardized tests provides an integrated

REFERENCES

Smith, D.A.:  Compendium of Shortness of Stature , J Pediat 70:463 ( (March) , pt 2) 1967;.
Silver, H.K., and Finkelstein, M.:  Deprivation Dwarfism , J Pediat 70:317-324 ( (March) ) 1967;.
Powell, G.F.; Brasel, J.A.; and Blizzard, R.M.:  Emotional Deprivation and Growth Retardation Simulating Idiopathic Hypopituitarism: I. Clinical Evaluation of the Syndrome , New Eng J Med 276: 1271-1278 ( (June) ) 1967;.
Powell, G.F., et al:  Emotional Deprivation and Growth Retardation Simulating Idopathic Hypopituitarism: II. Endocrinologic Evaluation of the Syndrome , New Eng J Med 276:1279-1283 ( (June) ) 1967;.
Lubchenco, L.O., et al:  Intrauterine Growth: A Standard Derived From Liveborn Infants 24 to 42 Weeks of Gestation , Pediatrics 32:793-800 ( (Nov) ) 1963;.
Kaplan, S.L., et al:  Growth and Growth Hormone: I. Changes in Serum Level of GH Following Hypoglycaemia in 134 Children , Pediat Res 2: 43-63 ( (Jan) ) 1968;.
Herbert, V., et al:  Coated Charcoal Immunoassay of Insulin , J Clin Endocr 25:1375-1384 ( (Oct) ) 1965;.
Lau, K.S.; Gottlieb, C.W.; and Herbert, V.:  Preliminary Report on Coated Charcoal Immunoassay of Human Chorionic "Growth Hormone-Prolactin" and Growth Hormone , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 123:126-131 ( (Oct) ) 1966;.
Merimee, T.J., et al:  Plasma Growth Hormone After Arginine Infusion , New Eng J Med 276: 434-439 ( (Feb) ) 1967;.
Hunter, W.M., and Greenwood, F.C.:  Studies on the Secretion of Human-Pituitary-Hormone Growth Hormone , Brit Med J 5386:804-807 ( (March) ) 1964;.
Morris, H.G.; Jorgensen, J.R.; and Jenkins, S.A.:  Plasma Growth Hormone Concentration in Corticosteroid-Treated Children , J Clin Invest 47: 424-435 ( (March) ) 1968;.
Frantz, A.C., and Rabkin, M.T.:  Human Growth Hormone: Clinical Measurement Response to Hypoglycaemia and Suppression by Corticosteroids , New Eng J Med 271:1375-1381 ( (Dec) ) 1964;.
MacGillivray, M.H.; Aceto, T., Jr.; and Frohman, L.A.:  Plasma Growth Hormone Responses and Growth Retardation of Hypothyroidism , Amer J Dis Child 115:273-276 ( (Feb) ) 1968;.
Shiekholislam, B.M.; Lebovitz, H.E.; and Stempfel, R.S., Jr.: Growth Hormone Secretion in Hypothyroidism, abstracted, Proceedings of the 48th Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Chicago, 1966.
Root, A.W., et al:  The Plasma Growth Hormone Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia in Children With Retardation of Growth , Pediatrics 39:844-852 ( (June) ) 1967;.
Donaldson, C.L., et al:  Growth Hormone Studies in Turner's Syndrome , J Clin Endocr 28: 383-385 ( (March) ) 1968;.
Soyka, L.F.; Ziskind, A.; and Crawford, J.D.:  Treatment of Short Stature in Children and Adolescents With Human Pituitary Growth Hormone (Raben) , New Eng J Med 271:754-764 ( (Oct) ) 1964;.
Hutchings, J.J., et al:  Administration of Human Growth Hormone (Li) in Gonadal Dysgenesis , Amer J Dis Child 109:318-321 ( (April) ) 1965;.
Frasier, S.D.; Hilburn, J.M.; and Matthews, N.L.:  The Serum Growth-Hormone Response to Hypoglycaemia in Dwarfism , J Pediat 71:625-638 ( (Nov) ) 1967;.
Escamilla, R.F., et al:  Achondroplastic Dwarfism: Effects of Treatment With Human Growth Hormone , Calif Med 105:104-110 ( (Aug) ) 1966;.
Rubenstein, A.H., and Spitz, I.:  Role of the Kidney in Insulin Metabolism and Excretion , Diabetes 17:161-169 ( (March) ) 1968;.
Green, O.C.; Fefferman, R.; and Nair, S.:  Plasma Growth Hormone Levels in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Short Stature: Unresponsiveness to Hypoglycaemia , J Clin Endocr 27:1059-1061 ( (July) ) 1957;.
Pimstone, B.L.; Wittman, W.; and Hansen, J.D.L.:  Growth Hormone and Kwashiorkor: Role of Protein in Growth Hormone Homoeostasis , Lancet 2:779-780 ( (Oct) ) 1966;.
Cheek, D.B.: Human Growth: Body Composition, Cell Growth, Energy and Intelligence , ed 1, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, Publishers, 1968;.
Frohman, L.A.; Aceto, T., Jr.; and MacGillivray, M.H.:  Studies of Growth Hormone Secretion in Children: Normal Hypopituitary and Constitutionally Delayed , J Clin Endocr 27:1409-1417 ( (Oct) ) 1967;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

Smith, D.A.:  Compendium of Shortness of Stature , J Pediat 70:463 ( (March) , pt 2) 1967;.
Silver, H.K., and Finkelstein, M.:  Deprivation Dwarfism , J Pediat 70:317-324 ( (March) ) 1967;.
Powell, G.F.; Brasel, J.A.; and Blizzard, R.M.:  Emotional Deprivation and Growth Retardation Simulating Idiopathic Hypopituitarism: I. Clinical Evaluation of the Syndrome , New Eng J Med 276: 1271-1278 ( (June) ) 1967;.
Powell, G.F., et al:  Emotional Deprivation and Growth Retardation Simulating Idopathic Hypopituitarism: II. Endocrinologic Evaluation of the Syndrome , New Eng J Med 276:1279-1283 ( (June) ) 1967;.
Lubchenco, L.O., et al:  Intrauterine Growth: A Standard Derived From Liveborn Infants 24 to 42 Weeks of Gestation , Pediatrics 32:793-800 ( (Nov) ) 1963;.
Kaplan, S.L., et al:  Growth and Growth Hormone: I. Changes in Serum Level of GH Following Hypoglycaemia in 134 Children , Pediat Res 2: 43-63 ( (Jan) ) 1968;.
Herbert, V., et al:  Coated Charcoal Immunoassay of Insulin , J Clin Endocr 25:1375-1384 ( (Oct) ) 1965;.
Lau, K.S.; Gottlieb, C.W.; and Herbert, V.:  Preliminary Report on Coated Charcoal Immunoassay of Human Chorionic "Growth Hormone-Prolactin" and Growth Hormone , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 123:126-131 ( (Oct) ) 1966;.
Merimee, T.J., et al:  Plasma Growth Hormone After Arginine Infusion , New Eng J Med 276: 434-439 ( (Feb) ) 1967;.
Hunter, W.M., and Greenwood, F.C.:  Studies on the Secretion of Human-Pituitary-Hormone Growth Hormone , Brit Med J 5386:804-807 ( (March) ) 1964;.
Morris, H.G.; Jorgensen, J.R.; and Jenkins, S.A.:  Plasma Growth Hormone Concentration in Corticosteroid-Treated Children , J Clin Invest 47: 424-435 ( (March) ) 1968;.
Frantz, A.C., and Rabkin, M.T.:  Human Growth Hormone: Clinical Measurement Response to Hypoglycaemia and Suppression by Corticosteroids , New Eng J Med 271:1375-1381 ( (Dec) ) 1964;.
MacGillivray, M.H.; Aceto, T., Jr.; and Frohman, L.A.:  Plasma Growth Hormone Responses and Growth Retardation of Hypothyroidism , Amer J Dis Child 115:273-276 ( (Feb) ) 1968;.
Shiekholislam, B.M.; Lebovitz, H.E.; and Stempfel, R.S., Jr.: Growth Hormone Secretion in Hypothyroidism, abstracted, Proceedings of the 48th Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Chicago, 1966.
Root, A.W., et al:  The Plasma Growth Hormone Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia in Children With Retardation of Growth , Pediatrics 39:844-852 ( (June) ) 1967;.
Donaldson, C.L., et al:  Growth Hormone Studies in Turner's Syndrome , J Clin Endocr 28: 383-385 ( (March) ) 1968;.
Soyka, L.F.; Ziskind, A.; and Crawford, J.D.:  Treatment of Short Stature in Children and Adolescents With Human Pituitary Growth Hormone (Raben) , New Eng J Med 271:754-764 ( (Oct) ) 1964;.
Hutchings, J.J., et al:  Administration of Human Growth Hormone (Li) in Gonadal Dysgenesis , Amer J Dis Child 109:318-321 ( (April) ) 1965;.
Frasier, S.D.; Hilburn, J.M.; and Matthews, N.L.:  The Serum Growth-Hormone Response to Hypoglycaemia in Dwarfism , J Pediat 71:625-638 ( (Nov) ) 1967;.
Escamilla, R.F., et al:  Achondroplastic Dwarfism: Effects of Treatment With Human Growth Hormone , Calif Med 105:104-110 ( (Aug) ) 1966;.
Rubenstein, A.H., and Spitz, I.:  Role of the Kidney in Insulin Metabolism and Excretion , Diabetes 17:161-169 ( (March) ) 1968;.
Green, O.C.; Fefferman, R.; and Nair, S.:  Plasma Growth Hormone Levels in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Short Stature: Unresponsiveness to Hypoglycaemia , J Clin Endocr 27:1059-1061 ( (July) ) 1957;.
Pimstone, B.L.; Wittman, W.; and Hansen, J.D.L.:  Growth Hormone and Kwashiorkor: Role of Protein in Growth Hormone Homoeostasis , Lancet 2:779-780 ( (Oct) ) 1966;.
Cheek, D.B.: Human Growth: Body Composition, Cell Growth, Energy and Intelligence , ed 1, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, Publishers, 1968;.
Frohman, L.A.; Aceto, T., Jr.; and MacGillivray, M.H.:  Studies of Growth Hormone Secretion in Children: Normal Hypopituitary and Constitutionally Delayed , J Clin Endocr 27:1409-1417 ( (Oct) ) 1967;.

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