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December 1967, Vol 114, No. 6 >
Article | December 1967

A Standardized Test of Renal Concentrating Capacity in Children FREE

Chester M. Edelmann, MD; Henry L. Barnett, MD; Harry Stark, MB, BS; Hayim Boichis, MD; Juan Rodriguez Soriano, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Received for publication Feb 23, 1967.

Reprint requests to 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, New York 10461 (Dr. Edelmann).


Am J Dis Child. 1967;114(6):639-644. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1967.02090270095009.
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References
Comments

DESPITE numerous studies dealing with various aspects of the renal concentrating mechanism,1-18 relatively little data are available concerning normal concentrating capacity in infants and children.

In recent years it has been demonstrated, in human beings7,8,15,18 as well as in a variety of experimental animals, that a major factor influencing concentrating performance in response to dehydration is the dietary intake of protein prior to the study. This source of variation has not been taken into account in studies of so-called normal urinary concentrating capacity. Although most tests of concentrating performance have followed a period of 16 to 24 hours of fluid deprivation, this procedure is difficult to do in small children and may be hazardous. Finally, although concentrating performance is regarded as a good index of overall functional status1 of the kidney, no systematic investigation of its relation to other tests of kidney function in infants and children

REFERENCES

1 +
Addis, T., and Shevky, M.C.:  A Test of the Capacity of the Kidney to Produce a Urine of High Specific Gravity , Arch Intern Med 30:559-562, 1922;.
2 +
Lewis, W. H., Jr., and Alving, A.S.:  Changes With Age in the Renal Function in Adult Men: I. Clearances of Urea; II. Amount of Urea Nitrogen in the Blood; III. Concentrating Ability of the Kidney , Amer J Physiol 123:500, 1938;.
3 +
Miles, B.E.; Paton, A.; and de Wardener, H.E.:  Maximum Urine Concentration , Brit Med J 2:901, 1954;.
4 +
Fishberg, A.M.: Hypertension and Nephritis , ed 5, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1954;.
5 +
Jones, R.V.H., and de Wardener, H.E.:  Urine Concentration After Fluid Deprivation or Pitressin Tannate in Oil , Brit Med J 1:271, 1956;.
6 +
Epstein, F.H.; Kleeman, C.R.; and Hendrikx, A.:  The Influence of Bodily Hydration on the Renal Concentrating Process , J Clin Invest 36:629, 1957;.
7 +
Epstein, F.H., et al:  The Effect of Feeding Protein and Urea on the Renal Concentrating Process , J Clin Invest 36:635, 1957;.
8 +
De Wardener, H.E., and Herxheimer, A.:  The Effect of a High Water Intake on the Kidney's Ability to Concentrate the Urine in Man , J Physiol 139:42, 1957;.
9 +
Winberg, J.:  Determination of Renal Concentration Capacity in Infants and Children Without Renal Disease , Acta Paediat 48:1, 1959;.
10 +
Raisz, L.G., and Scheer, R.L.:  Studies on the Renal Concentrating Mechanism: II. Effect of Small Acute Changes in Solute Excretion , J Clin Invest 38:1, 1959;.
11 +
Levitt, M.F.; Levy, M.S.; and Polimeros, D.:  The Effect of a Fall in Filtration Rate on Solute and Water Excretion in Hydropenic Man , J Clin Invest 38:463, 1959;.
12 +
Isaacson, L.C.:  Urinary Osmolality in Thirsting Normal Subjects , Lancet 1:467, 1960;.
13 +
Edelmann, C.M., Jr., and Barnett, H.L.:  Role of the Kidney in Water Metabolism in Young Infants , J Pediat 56:154, 1960;.
14 +
Lindeman, R.D.; Van Buren, H.C.; and Raisz, L.G.:  Osmolar Renal Concentrating Ability in Healthy Young Men and Hospitalized Patients Without Renal Disease , New Eng J Med 262:1306, 1960;.
15 +
Edelmann, C.M., Jr.; Barnett, H.L.; and Troupkou, V.:  Renal Concentrating Mechanism in Newborn Infants: Effect of Dietary Protein and Water Content, Role of Urea, and Responsiveness to Antidiuretic Hormone , J Clin Invest 39:1062, 1960;.
16 +
Jacobson, M.H., et al:  Urine Osmolality: A Definitive Test of Renal Function , Arch Intern Med 110:83-89, 1962;.
17 +
Poláček, E., et al:  The Osmotic Concentrating Ability in Healthy Infants and Children , Arch Dis Child 40:291, 1965;.
18 +
Edelmann, C.M., Jr.; Barnett, H.L.; and Stark, H.:  Effect of Urea on Concentration of Urinary Nonurea Solute in Premature Infants , J Appl Physiol 21:1021, 1966;.
19 +
Marsh, W.H.; Fingerhut, B.; and Kirsch, E.:  Determination of Urea Nitrogen With the Diacetyl Method and an Automatic Dialyzing Apparatus , Amer J Clin Path 28:681, 1957;.
20 +
Snedecor, G.W.: Statistical Methods Applied to Experiments in Agriculture and Biology , ed 5, Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1956;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Addis, T., and Shevky, M.C.:  A Test of the Capacity of the Kidney to Produce a Urine of High Specific Gravity , Arch Intern Med 30:559-562, 1922;.
2 +
Lewis, W. H., Jr., and Alving, A.S.:  Changes With Age in the Renal Function in Adult Men: I. Clearances of Urea; II. Amount of Urea Nitrogen in the Blood; III. Concentrating Ability of the Kidney , Amer J Physiol 123:500, 1938;.
3 +
Miles, B.E.; Paton, A.; and de Wardener, H.E.:  Maximum Urine Concentration , Brit Med J 2:901, 1954;.
4 +
Fishberg, A.M.: Hypertension and Nephritis , ed 5, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1954;.
5 +
Jones, R.V.H., and de Wardener, H.E.:  Urine Concentration After Fluid Deprivation or Pitressin Tannate in Oil , Brit Med J 1:271, 1956;.
6 +
Epstein, F.H.; Kleeman, C.R.; and Hendrikx, A.:  The Influence of Bodily Hydration on the Renal Concentrating Process , J Clin Invest 36:629, 1957;.
7 +
Epstein, F.H., et al:  The Effect of Feeding Protein and Urea on the Renal Concentrating Process , J Clin Invest 36:635, 1957;.
8 +
De Wardener, H.E., and Herxheimer, A.:  The Effect of a High Water Intake on the Kidney's Ability to Concentrate the Urine in Man , J Physiol 139:42, 1957;.
9 +
Winberg, J.:  Determination of Renal Concentration Capacity in Infants and Children Without Renal Disease , Acta Paediat 48:1, 1959;.
10 +
Raisz, L.G., and Scheer, R.L.:  Studies on the Renal Concentrating Mechanism: II. Effect of Small Acute Changes in Solute Excretion , J Clin Invest 38:1, 1959;.
11 +
Levitt, M.F.; Levy, M.S.; and Polimeros, D.:  The Effect of a Fall in Filtration Rate on Solute and Water Excretion in Hydropenic Man , J Clin Invest 38:463, 1959;.
12 +
Isaacson, L.C.:  Urinary Osmolality in Thirsting Normal Subjects , Lancet 1:467, 1960;.
13 +
Edelmann, C.M., Jr., and Barnett, H.L.:  Role of the Kidney in Water Metabolism in Young Infants , J Pediat 56:154, 1960;.
14 +
Lindeman, R.D.; Van Buren, H.C.; and Raisz, L.G.:  Osmolar Renal Concentrating Ability in Healthy Young Men and Hospitalized Patients Without Renal Disease , New Eng J Med 262:1306, 1960;.
15 +
Edelmann, C.M., Jr.; Barnett, H.L.; and Troupkou, V.:  Renal Concentrating Mechanism in Newborn Infants: Effect of Dietary Protein and Water Content, Role of Urea, and Responsiveness to Antidiuretic Hormone , J Clin Invest 39:1062, 1960;.
16 +
Jacobson, M.H., et al:  Urine Osmolality: A Definitive Test of Renal Function , Arch Intern Med 110:83-89, 1962;.
17 +
Poláček, E., et al:  The Osmotic Concentrating Ability in Healthy Infants and Children , Arch Dis Child 40:291, 1965;.
18 +
Edelmann, C.M., Jr.; Barnett, H.L.; and Stark, H.:  Effect of Urea on Concentration of Urinary Nonurea Solute in Premature Infants , J Appl Physiol 21:1021, 1966;.
19 +
Marsh, W.H.; Fingerhut, B.; and Kirsch, E.:  Determination of Urea Nitrogen With the Diacetyl Method and an Automatic Dialyzing Apparatus , Amer J Clin Path 28:681, 1957;.
20 +
Snedecor, G.W.: Statistical Methods Applied to Experiments in Agriculture and Biology , ed 5, Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1956;.

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