Acute Parathion Poisoning in Children FREE

Donald V. Eitzman, MD; Sorrell L. Wolfson, MD

Received for publication June 7, 1967.

Reprint requests to Department of Pediatrics, J. Hillis Miller Health Center, University of Florida Medical School Gainesville 32601 (Dr. Eitzman).

Am J Dis Child. 1967;114(4):397-400. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1967.02090250095006.

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ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT | REFERENCES

DURING the past 20 years, organophosphorus pesticides have become one of the important groups of pest control agents in agriculture. Parathion, O, O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate, is one of the most commonly used of the organophosphorus insecticides and is probably responsible for more instances of accidental poisoning and death than any other organophosphorus compound.¹ Commercially, it is available as dusts, wettable powders, concentrates, and aerosols. It is very slightly soluble in water, and because it is slowly hydrolyzed, a spill or residua may remain hazardous for several weeks or even months.²

Route of entry is through the skin, conjunctiva, by ingestion, and inhalation. The onset of symptoms and signs of toxicity after a single acute exposure varies according to the dose and the route of administration, and the time of death is usually rapid occurring within 30 minutes to 24 hours after contact. Because parathion inactivates cholinesterase enzymes in the

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT | REFERENCES

Goodman, L.S., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , ed 3, New York: The MacMillan Co, Publishers, 1965;, p 447.

Quinby, G.E., and Clappison, G.B.: Parathion Poisoning , Arch Environ Health 3:538-542, 1961;.

Hayes, W.J., Jr.: Parathion Poisoning and Its Treatment , JAMA 192:135-136, 1965;.

Zavon, M.R.: Blood Cholinesterase Levels in Organic Phosphate Intoxication , JAMA 192:137, 1965;.

Elliot, J.W.: A Sensitive Procedure for Urinary P-Nitrophenol Determination as a Measure to Exposure to Parathion , J Agric Food Chem 8:111, 1960;.

Dixon, E.M.: Dilatation of the Pupils in Parathion Poisoning , JAMA 163:444-445, 1957;.

Hayes, W.J.: Clinical Handbook on Economic Poisons , Publication 476, Communicable Disease Center, US Public Health Service, 1963;.

Anderson, L.S., et al: Parathion Poisoning From Flannelette Sheets , Canad Med Assoc J 92: 809-813, 1965;.

Read, W.T., and Combes, M.A.: A New Specific Antidote for Organic Phosphate Ester Poisoning , Pediatrics 28:950-955, 1961;.

An Antidote to Parathion Poisoning, Pralidoxime Chloride (Protopa Chloride), COUNCIL ON DRUGS , JAMA 192:114, 1965;.

Quinby, G.E.: Further Therapeutic Experience With Pralidoximes in Organic Phosphorus Poisoning , JAMA 187:202-206, 1964;.

Jager, B.V., et al: Studies on Distribution and Disappearance of Pyridine-D-Aldoxime Methiodicle (PAM) and of Diacetyl Monoxime (DAM) in Man and in Experimental Animals , Bull Johns Hopkins Hospital 102:225-234, 1958;.

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