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June 1963, Vol 105, No. 6 >
Article | June 1963

Myeloid Leukemoid Reactions in Children FREE

PHILLIP HOLLAND, MD; ALVIN M. MAUER, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Dr. Holland is receiving fellowship support from the National Cancer Institute of the Public Health Service.

This investigation was supported by PHS grant number C-5964 of the National Institutes of Health.


Am J Dis Child. 1963;105(6):568-575. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1963.02080040570007.
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References
Comments

Some diseases unrelated to a malignant blood dyscrasia may occasionally be associated with a blood leukocyte response which resembles leukemia closely enough to cause the physician concern about the diagnosis. This blood picture may be termed leukemoid either because of a striking increase in blood leukocyte concentration or because of the presence in the blood of immature cells found normally only in the bone marrow. A leukemoid reaction can be classified as lymphocytic, monocytic, or granulocytic according to the type of cell involved. In the following discussion only leukemoid reactions of the neutrophilic myeloid cells will be considered.

The term "leukemoid" was first used by Krumbhaar 1 in 1926 to describe a group of nonleukemic conditions which were thought to be indistinguishable from leukemia by blood examination alone. Included in his original series were cases of terminal septicemia, mustard gas poisoning, and a patient with coexisting acute infection and hemorrhage.

REFERENCES

1 +
Krumbhaar, E. B.:  Leukemoid Blood Pictures in Various Clinical Conditions , Amer J Med Sci 172:519, 1926;.
2 +
Custer, R. P., and Crocker, W. J.:  Myeloleukaemoid Blood Picture Associated with Tuberculosis , Folia Haemat (Leipzig) 46:359, 1932;.
3 +
Stephens, D. J.:  The Occurrence of Myelocytes in the Peripheral Blood in Lobar Pneumonia , Amer J Med Sci 188:332, 1934;.
4 +
Downey, H.; Major, S. G.; and Noble, J. F.:  Leukemoid Blood Pictures of the Myeloid Type , Folia Haemat (Leipzig) 41:493, 1930;.
5 +
Goldbloom, A. A.; Greenwald, L.; and Reinstein, H.:  Toxic Reactions to Sulfapyridine: Acute Hemolytic Anemia, Leucemoid Reaction, and Purpura in Three Different Cases , J Lab Clin Med 27:139, 1941;.
6 +
Hill, J. M., and Duncan, C. N.:  Leukemoid Reactions , Amer J Med Sci 201:847, 1941;.
7 +
Smith, M. D.:  Extreme Leucocytosis Occurring in a Case of Empyema , Glasgow Med J 31:82, 1950;.
8 +
Hilts, S. V., and Shaw, C. C.:  Leukemoid Blood Reactions , New Engl J Med 249:434, 1953;.
9 +
Riley, J. A., and Robins, G. M.:  Leukemoid Reaction due to Mixed Malaria Infection , Blood 4:283, 1949;.
10 +
Even-Paz, Z., and Sagher, F.:  High Leucocytosis (Leukaemoid Reactions) in Dermatitis Herpetiformis , Brit J Derm 71:325, 1959;.
11 +
Schneier, F. T., and von Bormann, P.:  Leukaemoid Reactions in Carcinoma , Med Proc (Johannesb) 7:328, 1961;.
12 +
Reiss, O.:  Leukemoid Reaction due to Hypernephroma , JAMA 180:1126, 1962;.
13 +
Zarafonetis, C. J. D., and Joseph, R. R.:  Bronchogenic Carcinoma with Adrenal Metastases and Leukemoid Reaction: Probable Noncontribution of Leukocytosis to Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase , Amer J Med Sci 242:750, 1961;.
14 +
Colman, R. W., and Shein, H. M.:  Leukemoid Reaction, Hyperuricemia, and Severe Hyperpyrexia Complicating a Fatal Case of Acute Fatty Liver of the Alcoholic , Ann Intern Med 57:110, 1962;.
15 +
Tönz, O.; Keller, H.; and Cottier, H.:  Beitrag zum Syndrom der kongenitalen Megakaryocytopenie mit Radiusaplasie , Helv Paediat Acta 15:1, 1960;.
16 +
Grokoest, A. W.; Snyder, A. I.; and Schlaeger, R.: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis , Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1962;, p 32.
17 +
Leonard, B. J.; Israëls, M. C. G.; and Wilkinson, J. F.:  Alkaline Phosphatase in the White Cells in Leukaemia and Leukaemoid Reactions , Lancet 1:289, 1958;.
18 +
Craddock, C. G., Jr.; Perry, S.; and Lawrence, J. S.:  The Dynamics of Leukopenia and Leukocytosis , Ann Intern Med 52:281, 1960;.

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References

1 +
Krumbhaar, E. B.:  Leukemoid Blood Pictures in Various Clinical Conditions , Amer J Med Sci 172:519, 1926;.
2 +
Custer, R. P., and Crocker, W. J.:  Myeloleukaemoid Blood Picture Associated with Tuberculosis , Folia Haemat (Leipzig) 46:359, 1932;.
3 +
Stephens, D. J.:  The Occurrence of Myelocytes in the Peripheral Blood in Lobar Pneumonia , Amer J Med Sci 188:332, 1934;.
4 +
Downey, H.; Major, S. G.; and Noble, J. F.:  Leukemoid Blood Pictures of the Myeloid Type , Folia Haemat (Leipzig) 41:493, 1930;.
5 +
Goldbloom, A. A.; Greenwald, L.; and Reinstein, H.:  Toxic Reactions to Sulfapyridine: Acute Hemolytic Anemia, Leucemoid Reaction, and Purpura in Three Different Cases , J Lab Clin Med 27:139, 1941;.
6 +
Hill, J. M., and Duncan, C. N.:  Leukemoid Reactions , Amer J Med Sci 201:847, 1941;.
7 +
Smith, M. D.:  Extreme Leucocytosis Occurring in a Case of Empyema , Glasgow Med J 31:82, 1950;.
8 +
Hilts, S. V., and Shaw, C. C.:  Leukemoid Blood Reactions , New Engl J Med 249:434, 1953;.
9 +
Riley, J. A., and Robins, G. M.:  Leukemoid Reaction due to Mixed Malaria Infection , Blood 4:283, 1949;.
10 +
Even-Paz, Z., and Sagher, F.:  High Leucocytosis (Leukaemoid Reactions) in Dermatitis Herpetiformis , Brit J Derm 71:325, 1959;.
11 +
Schneier, F. T., and von Bormann, P.:  Leukaemoid Reactions in Carcinoma , Med Proc (Johannesb) 7:328, 1961;.
12 +
Reiss, O.:  Leukemoid Reaction due to Hypernephroma , JAMA 180:1126, 1962;.
13 +
Zarafonetis, C. J. D., and Joseph, R. R.:  Bronchogenic Carcinoma with Adrenal Metastases and Leukemoid Reaction: Probable Noncontribution of Leukocytosis to Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase , Amer J Med Sci 242:750, 1961;.
14 +
Colman, R. W., and Shein, H. M.:  Leukemoid Reaction, Hyperuricemia, and Severe Hyperpyrexia Complicating a Fatal Case of Acute Fatty Liver of the Alcoholic , Ann Intern Med 57:110, 1962;.
15 +
Tönz, O.; Keller, H.; and Cottier, H.:  Beitrag zum Syndrom der kongenitalen Megakaryocytopenie mit Radiusaplasie , Helv Paediat Acta 15:1, 1960;.
16 +
Grokoest, A. W.; Snyder, A. I.; and Schlaeger, R.: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis , Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1962;, p 32.
17 +
Leonard, B. J.; Israëls, M. C. G.; and Wilkinson, J. F.:  Alkaline Phosphatase in the White Cells in Leukaemia and Leukaemoid Reactions , Lancet 1:289, 1958;.
18 +
Craddock, C. G., Jr.; Perry, S.; and Lawrence, J. S.:  The Dynamics of Leukopenia and Leukocytosis , Ann Intern Med 52:281, 1960;.

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