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Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Infancy and Childhood FREE

VICTOR M. ALCALDE, M.D.; HOWARD S. TRAISMAN, M.D.; THOMAS BAFFES, M.D.
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Submitted for publication Nov. 6, 1961.


Am J Dis Child. 1962;104(3):245-251. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1962.02080030247006.
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Primary carcinoma of the liver in infancy and childhood has been the subject of numerous reports.1-13 A survey of the literature reveals a total of 139 cases of primary carcinoma of the liver, the patients ranging in age from 1 day to 16 years. The primary tumors which do occur are commonly malignant and rapidly fatal.

Edmondson,1 in a review of the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors in infancy and childhood, reported that carcinomas of the liver are the commonest carcinomas of infancy and stated that boys less than 2 years of age are most frequently affected. Steiner 2 reviewed the literature and reported 75 cases, with ages ranging up to 16 years. Of the patients, 53.2% were under 2 years of age. One of these cases was noted to have coincidental cirrhosis of the liver. The report of Bigelow and Wright 3 contains 95 instances (including 74

REFERENCES

Edmondson, H. A.:  Differential Diagnosis of Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of Liver in Infancy and Childhood , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 91:168-186 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Steiner, M. M.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Childhood , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 55:807-824 ( (April) ) 1938;.
Bigelow, N. H., and Wright, A. W.:  Primary Carcinoma of Liver in Infancy and Childhood , Cancer 6:170-178 ( (Jan.) ) 1953;.
Drummond, D. H., and Tollman, J. P.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in a Child: Case Report , Amer. J. Clin. Path. 9:361-366 ( (May) ) 1939;.
Shorter, R. G.; Baggenstoss, A. H.; Logan, G. B., and Hallenbeck, G. A.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Infancy and Childhood , Pediatrics 25:191-203 ( (Feb.) ) 1960;.
Molander, D. W.; Craver, L. F., and Pack, G. T.:  Liver Enzymes, Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase, Cholinesterase, and Alkaline Phosphates in Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Neoplasia , Acta Un. Int. Cancr. 16:1478-1481, 1960;.
Koch, K., and Bradford, J.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Infancy , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 98:86-89 ( (July) ) 1959;.
Cleland, R. S.:  Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Liver , Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 6:427-446 ( (May) ) 1959;.
Rosenblatt, M. S., and May, J. A.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Infants and Children , Northw. Med. 45:96-97 ( (Feb.) ) 1946;.
Platou, R. V., and Hill, A. J.:  Primary Hepatic Carcinoma in Infancy , J. Lancet 62:191-194 ( (May) ) 1942;.
Bloch, H., and Chazan, S.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver with Cirrhosis , Arch. Pediat. 73:89-93 ( (March) ) 1956;.
Jones, E.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver with Associated Cirrhosis in Infants and Children , Arch. Path. 70:5-12 ( (July) ) 1960;.
 Case 46451, in Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital , New Engl. J. Med. 263: 965-971 ( (Nov. 10) ) 1960;.
Swan, H.; Virtue, R. W.; Blount, S. G., Jr., and Kircher, L. T., Jr.:  Hypothermia in Surgery: Analysis of 100 Clinical Cases , Ann. Surg. 142:382-400 ( (Sept.) ) 1955;.
Bigler, J. A., and McQuiston, W. O.:  Body Temperatures During Anesthesia in Infants and Children , J.A.M.A. 146:551-556 ( (June) ) 1951;.
Bigelow, W.; Mustard, W. T., and Evans, J. G.:  Some Physiologic Concepts of Hypothermia and Their Applications to Cardiac Surgery , J. Thor. Cardiov. Surg. 28:463-480 ( (Nov.) ) 1954;.
Brayton, D., and Lewis, G. B.:  The Use of Hypothermia in General Pediatric Surgery , Ann. Surg. 145:304-310 ( (March) ) 1957;.
Bernhard, W. F.; Gahill, G. F., Jr., and Curtis, G. W.:  The Rationale of Surgery Under Hypothermia in Certain Patients with Severe Hepatocellular Disease , Ann. Surg. 145:289-303 ( (March) ) 1957;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

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References

Edmondson, H. A.:  Differential Diagnosis of Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of Liver in Infancy and Childhood , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 91:168-186 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Steiner, M. M.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Childhood , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 55:807-824 ( (April) ) 1938;.
Bigelow, N. H., and Wright, A. W.:  Primary Carcinoma of Liver in Infancy and Childhood , Cancer 6:170-178 ( (Jan.) ) 1953;.
Drummond, D. H., and Tollman, J. P.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in a Child: Case Report , Amer. J. Clin. Path. 9:361-366 ( (May) ) 1939;.
Shorter, R. G.; Baggenstoss, A. H.; Logan, G. B., and Hallenbeck, G. A.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Infancy and Childhood , Pediatrics 25:191-203 ( (Feb.) ) 1960;.
Molander, D. W.; Craver, L. F., and Pack, G. T.:  Liver Enzymes, Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase, Cholinesterase, and Alkaline Phosphates in Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Neoplasia , Acta Un. Int. Cancr. 16:1478-1481, 1960;.
Koch, K., and Bradford, J.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Infancy , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 98:86-89 ( (July) ) 1959;.
Cleland, R. S.:  Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Liver , Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 6:427-446 ( (May) ) 1959;.
Rosenblatt, M. S., and May, J. A.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Infants and Children , Northw. Med. 45:96-97 ( (Feb.) ) 1946;.
Platou, R. V., and Hill, A. J.:  Primary Hepatic Carcinoma in Infancy , J. Lancet 62:191-194 ( (May) ) 1942;.
Bloch, H., and Chazan, S.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver with Cirrhosis , Arch. Pediat. 73:89-93 ( (March) ) 1956;.
Jones, E.:  Primary Carcinoma of the Liver with Associated Cirrhosis in Infants and Children , Arch. Path. 70:5-12 ( (July) ) 1960;.
 Case 46451, in Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital , New Engl. J. Med. 263: 965-971 ( (Nov. 10) ) 1960;.
Swan, H.; Virtue, R. W.; Blount, S. G., Jr., and Kircher, L. T., Jr.:  Hypothermia in Surgery: Analysis of 100 Clinical Cases , Ann. Surg. 142:382-400 ( (Sept.) ) 1955;.
Bigler, J. A., and McQuiston, W. O.:  Body Temperatures During Anesthesia in Infants and Children , J.A.M.A. 146:551-556 ( (June) ) 1951;.
Bigelow, W.; Mustard, W. T., and Evans, J. G.:  Some Physiologic Concepts of Hypothermia and Their Applications to Cardiac Surgery , J. Thor. Cardiov. Surg. 28:463-480 ( (Nov.) ) 1954;.
Brayton, D., and Lewis, G. B.:  The Use of Hypothermia in General Pediatric Surgery , Ann. Surg. 145:304-310 ( (March) ) 1957;.
Bernhard, W. F.; Gahill, G. F., Jr., and Curtis, G. W.:  The Rationale of Surgery Under Hypothermia in Certain Patients with Severe Hepatocellular Disease , Ann. Surg. 145:289-303 ( (March) ) 1957;.

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