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March 1962, Vol 103, No. 3 >
Article | March 1962

Preliminary Tests of a Highly Attenuated Measles Vaccine FREE

ANTON J. F. SCHWARZ, M.D.
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Presented at the International Conference on Measles Immunization, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., Nov. 7-9, 1961.


Am J Dis Child. 1962;103(3):386-389. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1962.02080020398042.
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A number of investigators 1-4 have demonstrated the effectiveness of live, attenuated measles viruses in immunizing susceptible children against measles. However, the vaccinations caused a relatively high rate of generally mild reactions. A febrile response occurred in approximately 70%-80% of the children, reaching 105 F or above in some cases. A slight, measles-like rash was also observed in approximately 50%. McCrumb et al.,5 Reilly et al.,6 and Stokes et al.7 have recently demonstrated that these reactions could be reduced by the simultaneous use of γ-globulin.

Nevertheless, from a practical point of view, it appears highly desirable to develop a virus strain which will not produce any significant reactions when administered without γ-globulin and yet will cause the development of measles antibodies. We have therefore attempted to further modify the Edmonston strain of measles virus.1,2 This paper is a preliminary report on results obtained by testing our

REFERENCES

1 +
Schwarz, A. J. F.; Boyer, P. A.; Zirbel, L. W., and York, C. J.:  Experimental Vaccination Against Measles: I. Tests of Live Measles and Distemper Vaccine in Monkeys and 2 Human Volunteers Under Laboratory Conditions , J.A.M.A. 173:861 ( (June 25) ) 1960;.
2 +
Hoekenga, M. T.; Schwarz, A. J. F.; Palma, H. C., and Boyer, P. A.:  Experimental Vaccination Against Measles: II. Tests of Live Measles and Live Distemper Vaccine in Human Volunteers During a Measles Epidemic in Panama , J.A.M.A. 173:868 ( (June 25) ) 1960;.
3 +
Katz, S. L.; Kempe, C. H.; Black, F. L.; Lepow, M. L.; Krugman, S.; Haggerty, R. J., and Enders, J. F.:  Studies on an Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine: VIII. General Summary and Evaluation of the Results of Vaccination , New Engl. J. Med. 263:180 ( (July 28) ) 1960;.
4 +
McCrumb, F. R., Jr.; Kress, S.; Saunders, E.; Snyder, M. J., and Schluederberg, A. E.:  Studies with Live Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine: I. Clinical and Immunologic Responses in Institutionalized Children , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 101:689 ( (June) ) 1961;.
5 +
McCrumb, F. R., Jr.; Hornick, R. B.; Kress, S.; Schluederberg, A. E.; Snyder, M. J.; Musser, S., and Higbee, T.:  Studies with Live Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine: III. Development of a Practical Method for Large-Scale Immunization , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 101:708 ( (June) ) 1961;.
6 +
Reilly, C. M.; Stokes, J., Jr.; Buynak, E. B.; Goldner, H., and Hilleman, M. R.:  Living Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine in Early Infancy: Studies of the Role of Passive Antibody in Immunization , New Engl. J. Med. 265:165 ( (July 27) ) 1961;.
7 +
Stokes, J., Jr.; Hilleman, M. R.; Weibel, R. E.; Buynak, E. B.; Halenda, R., and Goldner, H.:  Efficacy of Live, Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine Given with Human Immune Globulin , New Engl. J. Med. 265:507 ( (Sept. 14) ) 1961;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

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References

1 +
Schwarz, A. J. F.; Boyer, P. A.; Zirbel, L. W., and York, C. J.:  Experimental Vaccination Against Measles: I. Tests of Live Measles and Distemper Vaccine in Monkeys and 2 Human Volunteers Under Laboratory Conditions , J.A.M.A. 173:861 ( (June 25) ) 1960;.
2 +
Hoekenga, M. T.; Schwarz, A. J. F.; Palma, H. C., and Boyer, P. A.:  Experimental Vaccination Against Measles: II. Tests of Live Measles and Live Distemper Vaccine in Human Volunteers During a Measles Epidemic in Panama , J.A.M.A. 173:868 ( (June 25) ) 1960;.
3 +
Katz, S. L.; Kempe, C. H.; Black, F. L.; Lepow, M. L.; Krugman, S.; Haggerty, R. J., and Enders, J. F.:  Studies on an Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine: VIII. General Summary and Evaluation of the Results of Vaccination , New Engl. J. Med. 263:180 ( (July 28) ) 1960;.
4 +
McCrumb, F. R., Jr.; Kress, S.; Saunders, E.; Snyder, M. J., and Schluederberg, A. E.:  Studies with Live Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine: I. Clinical and Immunologic Responses in Institutionalized Children , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 101:689 ( (June) ) 1961;.
5 +
McCrumb, F. R., Jr.; Hornick, R. B.; Kress, S.; Schluederberg, A. E.; Snyder, M. J.; Musser, S., and Higbee, T.:  Studies with Live Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine: III. Development of a Practical Method for Large-Scale Immunization , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 101:708 ( (June) ) 1961;.
6 +
Reilly, C. M.; Stokes, J., Jr.; Buynak, E. B.; Goldner, H., and Hilleman, M. R.:  Living Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine in Early Infancy: Studies of the Role of Passive Antibody in Immunization , New Engl. J. Med. 265:165 ( (July 27) ) 1961;.
7 +
Stokes, J., Jr.; Hilleman, M. R.; Weibel, R. E.; Buynak, E. B.; Halenda, R., and Goldner, H.:  Efficacy of Live, Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine Given with Human Immune Globulin , New Engl. J. Med. 265:507 ( (Sept. 14) ) 1961;.

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