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December 1959, Vol 98, No. 6 >
Article | December 1959

Bromide Space in Infants and Children FREE

SARA C. FINLEY, M.D.; RUTH S. HARE, Ph.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Feb. 19, 1959.

Public Health Service Research Fellow of the National Heart Institute (Dr. Finley).


AMA Am J Dis Child. 1959;98(6):749-755. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1959.02070020751010.
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Introduction  It is well established that when bromide is administered to a human or animal subject it exchanges rapidly with nearly all of the body chloride.1-6 For this reason the volume of distribution of bromide is essentially the same as that of chloride, the exception being the cerebrospinal fluid. When bromide volume of distribution is multiplied by the chloride concentration in serum, the quantity of chloride obtained is that which exchanges rapidly with bromide, and may therefore be called "exchangeable chloride," although it is sometimes called "total body chloride" since the values are so nearly the same.6-7Since the volume of distribution of chloride includes the extracellular fluid, connective tissue, skin, erythrocytes, and, to a minor extent, some other cells, the relationship between chloride (or bromide) space and total body mass will depend upon the composition of the body. When a large proportion of the body weight is

REFERENCES

1 +
Wallace, G. B., and Brodie, B. B.:  The Distribution of Administered Bromide in Comparison with Chloride and Its Relation to Body Fluid , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 65:214, 1939;.
2 +
Weir, E. G., and Hastings, A. B.:  The Distribution of Bromide and Chloride in Tissues and Body Fluids , J. Biol. Chem. 129:547, 1939;.
3 +
Eliel, L. P.; Pearson, O. H., and Rawson, R. W.:  Postoperative Potassium Deficit and Metabolic Alkalosis , New England J. Med. 243: 471, 1950;.
4 +
Gamble, J. L., Jr.; Robertson, J. S.; Hannigan, C. A.; Foster, C. G., and Farr, L. E.:  Chloride, Bromide, Sodium and Sucrose Spaces in Man , J. Clin. Invest. 32:483, 1953;.
5 +
Gamble, J. L., Jr., and Robertson, J. S.:  Volume of Distribution of Radioactive Chloride in Dogs: Comparisons with Sodium, Bromide and Inulin Spaces , Am. J. Physiol. 171:659, 1952;.
6 +
Cheek, D. B.; West, C. D.; Golden, C. C., and Doyle, E. M.:  An Appraisal of Methods of Tissue Chloride Analysis: The Total Carcass Chloride, Exchangeable Chloride, Potassium and Water of the Rat , J. Clin. Invest. 34:1744, 1955;.
7 +
Forbes, G. B.; Reid, A.; Bondurant, J., and Etheridge, J.:  Estimation of Total Body Chloride in Young Infants by Radiobromide Dilution , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 83:871, 1953;.
8 +
Macy, I. G., and Kelly, H. J.: Chemical Anthropology , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1957;.
9 +
Brody, S.: Bioenergetics and Growth , New York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1945;.
10 +
Snively, W. D., Jr.:  Body Surface Area as a Dosage Criterion in Fluid Therapy: Theory and Application , Metabolism 6:70, 1957;.
11 +
Hare, K., and Hare, R. S.:  Effect of Nephrectomy on Volumes of Distribution of Several Solutes in the Dog , Fed. Proc. 14:69, 1955;.
12 +
Wolf, R. L., and Eadie, G. S.:  Reabsorption of Bromide by the Kidney , Am. J. Physiol. 163: 436, 1939;.
13 +
Schales, O., and Schales, S. S.:  A Simple and Accurate Method for the Determination of Chloride in Biological Fluids , J. Biol. Chem. 140: 879, 1941;.
14 +
Talbot, N. B.; Sobel, E. H.; McArthur, J. W., and Crawford, J. D.: Functional Endocrinology from Birth Through Adolescence , Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1952;.
15 +
Cheek, D. B.:  Total Body Chloride in Children , Pediatrics 14:5, 1954;.
16 +
Forbes, G. B.; Reid, A. F.; Bondurant, J., and Etheridge, J.:  Changes in Total Body Chloride During Growth , Pediatrics 17:334, 1956;.
17 +
Jeans, P. C. and Marriott, W. M.: Infant Nutrition , Ed. 4, St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1947;.
18 +
Jackson, R. L., and Kelly, H. G.:  Growth Charts for Use in Pediatric Practice , J. Pediat. 27:220, 1945;.
19 +
Watson, E. H., and Lowrey, G. H.: Growth and Development of Children , Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1951;.
20 +
Friis-Hansen, B.:  Changes in Body Water Compartments During Growth , Acta paediat. ( (Supp. 110) ) 46:1, 1957;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Wallace, G. B., and Brodie, B. B.:  The Distribution of Administered Bromide in Comparison with Chloride and Its Relation to Body Fluid , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 65:214, 1939;.
2 +
Weir, E. G., and Hastings, A. B.:  The Distribution of Bromide and Chloride in Tissues and Body Fluids , J. Biol. Chem. 129:547, 1939;.
3 +
Eliel, L. P.; Pearson, O. H., and Rawson, R. W.:  Postoperative Potassium Deficit and Metabolic Alkalosis , New England J. Med. 243: 471, 1950;.
4 +
Gamble, J. L., Jr.; Robertson, J. S.; Hannigan, C. A.; Foster, C. G., and Farr, L. E.:  Chloride, Bromide, Sodium and Sucrose Spaces in Man , J. Clin. Invest. 32:483, 1953;.
5 +
Gamble, J. L., Jr., and Robertson, J. S.:  Volume of Distribution of Radioactive Chloride in Dogs: Comparisons with Sodium, Bromide and Inulin Spaces , Am. J. Physiol. 171:659, 1952;.
6 +
Cheek, D. B.; West, C. D.; Golden, C. C., and Doyle, E. M.:  An Appraisal of Methods of Tissue Chloride Analysis: The Total Carcass Chloride, Exchangeable Chloride, Potassium and Water of the Rat , J. Clin. Invest. 34:1744, 1955;.
7 +
Forbes, G. B.; Reid, A.; Bondurant, J., and Etheridge, J.:  Estimation of Total Body Chloride in Young Infants by Radiobromide Dilution , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 83:871, 1953;.
8 +
Macy, I. G., and Kelly, H. J.: Chemical Anthropology , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1957;.
9 +
Brody, S.: Bioenergetics and Growth , New York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1945;.
10 +
Snively, W. D., Jr.:  Body Surface Area as a Dosage Criterion in Fluid Therapy: Theory and Application , Metabolism 6:70, 1957;.
11 +
Hare, K., and Hare, R. S.:  Effect of Nephrectomy on Volumes of Distribution of Several Solutes in the Dog , Fed. Proc. 14:69, 1955;.
12 +
Wolf, R. L., and Eadie, G. S.:  Reabsorption of Bromide by the Kidney , Am. J. Physiol. 163: 436, 1939;.
13 +
Schales, O., and Schales, S. S.:  A Simple and Accurate Method for the Determination of Chloride in Biological Fluids , J. Biol. Chem. 140: 879, 1941;.
14 +
Talbot, N. B.; Sobel, E. H.; McArthur, J. W., and Crawford, J. D.: Functional Endocrinology from Birth Through Adolescence , Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1952;.
15 +
Cheek, D. B.:  Total Body Chloride in Children , Pediatrics 14:5, 1954;.
16 +
Forbes, G. B.; Reid, A. F.; Bondurant, J., and Etheridge, J.:  Changes in Total Body Chloride During Growth , Pediatrics 17:334, 1956;.
17 +
Jeans, P. C. and Marriott, W. M.: Infant Nutrition , Ed. 4, St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1947;.
18 +
Jackson, R. L., and Kelly, H. G.:  Growth Charts for Use in Pediatric Practice , J. Pediat. 27:220, 1945;.
19 +
Watson, E. H., and Lowrey, G. H.: Growth and Development of Children , Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1951;.
20 +
Friis-Hansen, B.:  Changes in Body Water Compartments During Growth , Acta paediat. ( (Supp. 110) ) 46:1, 1957;.

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