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July 1959, Vol 98, No. 1 >
Article | July 1959

Some Viral Central Nervous System Diseases:  Laboratory Studies with Emphasis on Aseptic Meningitis FREE

NEWTON KHOOBYARIAN, Ph.D.; JANET DRAPER, M.S.; ARTHUR C. DWYER, M.S.; YELAHANKA K. S. MURTHY, Ph.D.; DWAIN N. WALCHER, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Nov. 17, 1958.

This study was supported by grants from the James Whitcomb Riley Memorial Association and Mead Johnson & Company.


AMA Am J Dis Child. 1959;98(1):15-23. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1959.02070020017004.
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Introduction  Since the isolation and classification of Coxsackie viruses of Group B by Dalldorf1 numerous investigations concerning the etiologic role of these agents as the cause of aseptic meningitis have been carried out both in the United States and abroad. In addition, during recent years evidence from different laboratories has also indicated that some specific types of ECHO viruses have been responsible for several outbreaks of aseptic meningitis.2-10During the years 1956 and 1957, 245 patient with a central nervous system (CNS) disease of presumed viral etiology were seen at the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children. These patients came from areas throughout Indiana, and we were unaware of an outbreak of epidemic proportions occurring in any region during the course of the two-year study.The present study was undertaken in an attempt to recover viral agents from patients with a CNS involvement. Particular reference is made to

REFERENCES

1 +
Dalldorf, G.:  The Coxsackie Viruses , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 26:329-335, 1950;.
2 +
Karzon, D. T.; Barron, A. L.; Winkelstein, W., Jr., and Cohen, S.:  Isolation of ECHO Virus Type 6 During Outbreak of Seasonal Aseptic Meningitis , J. A. M. A. 162:1298-1303, 1956;.
3 +
Chin, T. D. Y.; Beran, G. W., and Wenner, H. A.:  An Epidemic Illness Associated with a Recently Recognized Enteric Virus (ECHO Virus Type 4): II. Recognition and Identification of Etiologic Agent , Am. J. Hyg. 66:76-84, 1957;.
4 +
Nihoul, C.; Quersin-Thiry, L., and Weynants, A.:  ECHO Virus Type 9 as Agent Responsible for an Important Outbreak of Aseptic Meningitis in Belgium , Am. J. Hyg. 66:102-118, 1957;.
5 +
Davis, J. W.; McDermott, A., and Severs, D.:  Epidemic Virus Meningitis Due to ECHO 9 Virus in Newfoundland , Canad. M. A. J. 79:162-167, 1958;.
6 +
Prince, J. T.; St. Geme, J. W., Jr., and Scherer, W. F.:  ECHO-9 Virus Exanthema , J. A. M. A. 167:691-696, 1958;.
7 +
Dublin, L., and Horstmann, D. M.:  The Epidemiology of Aseptic Meningitis and Related Nonspecific Disease in Connecticut, 1957: Virological and Clinical Studies , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 30:429-441, 1958;.
8 +
Boissard, G. P. B.; Macrae, A. D.; Stokes, J. L., and MacCallum, F. O.:  Isolation of Viruses Related to ECHO Virus Type 9 from Outbreaks of Aseptic Meningitis , Lancet 1:500, 1957;.
9 +
Sabin, A. B.; Krumbiegel, E. R., and Wigand, R.:  ECHO 9 Virus Disease , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 96:197-219, 1958;.
10 +
Davis, D. C., and Melnick, J. L.:  Association of ECHO Virus Type 6 with Aseptic Meningitis , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 92:839-843, 1956;.
11 +
Youngner, J. S.:  Monolayer Tissue Cultures: I. Preparation and Standardization of Suspensions of Trypsin-Dispersed Monkey Kidney Cells , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 85:202-205, 1954;.
12 +
Eagle, H.:  Nutritional Needs of Mammalian Cells in Tissue Culture , Science 122:501-504, 1955;.
13 +
Reed, L. J., and Muench, H. A.:  A Simple Method of Estimating Fifty per Cent End-Points , Am. J. Hyg. 27:493-497, 1938;.
14 +
Gard, S.:  Aseptic Meningitis and Coxsackie Viruses , Journal-Lancet 74:299-304, 1954;.
15 +
Kirby, W. M. M., and Evans, C. A.:  Tissue Culture Isolation of Coxsackie Group B Viruses in Aseptic Meningitis , J. A. M. A. 159:743-746, 1955;.
16 +
Hummeler, K.; Kirk, D., and Ostapiak, M.:  Aseptic Meningitis Caused by Coxsackie Virus with Isolation of Virus from Cerebrospinal Fluid , J. A. M. A. 156:676-679, 1954;.
17 +
Beale, A. J.; Duncan, D.; Stackiw, W.; Davis, N.; Dempster, G., and Rhodes, A. J.:  Further Observations on the Laboratory Diagnosis of Aseptic Meningitis Caused by Group B Coxsackie Virus , Canad. J. Pub. Health 47:179-186, 1956;.
18 +
Rhodes, A. J., and Beale, A. J.:  Aseptic Meningitis: Evidence for the Etiologic Role of Coxsackie B and "Orphan" Viruses, in Viruses in Search of Disease , Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 67:212-222, 1957;.
19 +
Syverton, J. T.; Mclean, D. M.; Martins da Silva, M.; Doany, H. B.; Cooney, M., Kleinman, H., and Bauer, H.: Outbreak of  Aseptic Meningitis Caused by Coxsackie B5 Virus , J. A. M. A. 164:2015-2019, 1957;.
20 +
Chin, T. D. Y.; Lehan, P. H.; Rubin, H., and Wenner, H. A.:  Epidemic Infection with Coxsackie Virus, Group B, Type 5: 2. Virus Excretion and Neutralizing Antibody Response , Am. J. Hyg. 67:321-330, 1958;.
21 +
Rubin, H.; Lehan, P. H.; Doto, I. L.; Chin, T. D. Y.; Heeren, R. H.; Johnson, O.; Wenner, H. A., and Furcolow, M. L.: Epidemic Infection with Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 5: 1. Clinical and Epidemiologic Aspects, New England J. Med. 258:255-263, 1958;.
22 +
Davis, D. C., and Melnick, J. L.:  Poliomyelitis and Aseptic Meningitis: A Two-Year Field and Laboratory Study in Connecticut , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 51:97-117, 1958;.
23 +
Ramos-Alvarez, M., and Sabin, A. B.:  Intestinal Viral Flora of Healthy Children Demonstrable by Monkey Kidney Tissue Culture , Am. J. Pub. Health 46:295-299, 1956;.

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References

1 +
Dalldorf, G.:  The Coxsackie Viruses , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 26:329-335, 1950;.
2 +
Karzon, D. T.; Barron, A. L.; Winkelstein, W., Jr., and Cohen, S.:  Isolation of ECHO Virus Type 6 During Outbreak of Seasonal Aseptic Meningitis , J. A. M. A. 162:1298-1303, 1956;.
3 +
Chin, T. D. Y.; Beran, G. W., and Wenner, H. A.:  An Epidemic Illness Associated with a Recently Recognized Enteric Virus (ECHO Virus Type 4): II. Recognition and Identification of Etiologic Agent , Am. J. Hyg. 66:76-84, 1957;.
4 +
Nihoul, C.; Quersin-Thiry, L., and Weynants, A.:  ECHO Virus Type 9 as Agent Responsible for an Important Outbreak of Aseptic Meningitis in Belgium , Am. J. Hyg. 66:102-118, 1957;.
5 +
Davis, J. W.; McDermott, A., and Severs, D.:  Epidemic Virus Meningitis Due to ECHO 9 Virus in Newfoundland , Canad. M. A. J. 79:162-167, 1958;.
6 +
Prince, J. T.; St. Geme, J. W., Jr., and Scherer, W. F.:  ECHO-9 Virus Exanthema , J. A. M. A. 167:691-696, 1958;.
7 +
Dublin, L., and Horstmann, D. M.:  The Epidemiology of Aseptic Meningitis and Related Nonspecific Disease in Connecticut, 1957: Virological and Clinical Studies , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 30:429-441, 1958;.
8 +
Boissard, G. P. B.; Macrae, A. D.; Stokes, J. L., and MacCallum, F. O.:  Isolation of Viruses Related to ECHO Virus Type 9 from Outbreaks of Aseptic Meningitis , Lancet 1:500, 1957;.
9 +
Sabin, A. B.; Krumbiegel, E. R., and Wigand, R.:  ECHO 9 Virus Disease , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 96:197-219, 1958;.
10 +
Davis, D. C., and Melnick, J. L.:  Association of ECHO Virus Type 6 with Aseptic Meningitis , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 92:839-843, 1956;.
11 +
Youngner, J. S.:  Monolayer Tissue Cultures: I. Preparation and Standardization of Suspensions of Trypsin-Dispersed Monkey Kidney Cells , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 85:202-205, 1954;.
12 +
Eagle, H.:  Nutritional Needs of Mammalian Cells in Tissue Culture , Science 122:501-504, 1955;.
13 +
Reed, L. J., and Muench, H. A.:  A Simple Method of Estimating Fifty per Cent End-Points , Am. J. Hyg. 27:493-497, 1938;.
14 +
Gard, S.:  Aseptic Meningitis and Coxsackie Viruses , Journal-Lancet 74:299-304, 1954;.
15 +
Kirby, W. M. M., and Evans, C. A.:  Tissue Culture Isolation of Coxsackie Group B Viruses in Aseptic Meningitis , J. A. M. A. 159:743-746, 1955;.
16 +
Hummeler, K.; Kirk, D., and Ostapiak, M.:  Aseptic Meningitis Caused by Coxsackie Virus with Isolation of Virus from Cerebrospinal Fluid , J. A. M. A. 156:676-679, 1954;.
17 +
Beale, A. J.; Duncan, D.; Stackiw, W.; Davis, N.; Dempster, G., and Rhodes, A. J.:  Further Observations on the Laboratory Diagnosis of Aseptic Meningitis Caused by Group B Coxsackie Virus , Canad. J. Pub. Health 47:179-186, 1956;.
18 +
Rhodes, A. J., and Beale, A. J.:  Aseptic Meningitis: Evidence for the Etiologic Role of Coxsackie B and "Orphan" Viruses, in Viruses in Search of Disease , Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 67:212-222, 1957;.
19 +
Syverton, J. T.; Mclean, D. M.; Martins da Silva, M.; Doany, H. B.; Cooney, M., Kleinman, H., and Bauer, H.: Outbreak of  Aseptic Meningitis Caused by Coxsackie B5 Virus , J. A. M. A. 164:2015-2019, 1957;.
20 +
Chin, T. D. Y.; Lehan, P. H.; Rubin, H., and Wenner, H. A.:  Epidemic Infection with Coxsackie Virus, Group B, Type 5: 2. Virus Excretion and Neutralizing Antibody Response , Am. J. Hyg. 67:321-330, 1958;.
21 +
Rubin, H.; Lehan, P. H.; Doto, I. L.; Chin, T. D. Y.; Heeren, R. H.; Johnson, O.; Wenner, H. A., and Furcolow, M. L.: Epidemic Infection with Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 5: 1. Clinical and Epidemiologic Aspects, New England J. Med. 258:255-263, 1958;.
22 +
Davis, D. C., and Melnick, J. L.:  Poliomyelitis and Aseptic Meningitis: A Two-Year Field and Laboratory Study in Connecticut , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 51:97-117, 1958;.
23 +
Ramos-Alvarez, M., and Sabin, A. B.:  Intestinal Viral Flora of Healthy Children Demonstrable by Monkey Kidney Tissue Culture , Am. J. Pub. Health 46:295-299, 1956;.

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