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June 1959, Vol 97, No. 6 >
Article | June 1959

Pulmonary Ventilation in Infants Under One Year of Age FREE

T. K. OLIVER, M.D.; R. S. SHAW, M.D.; W. E. WHEELER, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Oct. 22, 1958.

Supported in part by grants from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, The Ross Laboratories, and The Central Ohio Heart Association.

Obtained from Warren E. Collins, Inc., 555 Huntington Ave., Boston, Catalogue No. J-1.

The recording apparatus used was a Sanborn Twin Viso Recorder, Model 60-1300, with a Sanborn Strain Gauge Amplifier, model 64-500-B.

Baldwin SR-4, Type A-1, obtainable through Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation, 42 4th Ave., Waltham 54, Mass.


AMA Am J Dis Child. 1959;97(6):774-784. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1959.02070010776003.
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References
Comments

Measurement of pulmonary ventilation in infants has been performed by a number of investigators.1-8 In the last three decades plethysmographic methods have been used by most groups, although it has recently been demonstrated that the mask-and-bag technique is possible in small infants.7,8 Observations have been chiefly limited to the newborn period, although one study has included a few infants up to 3 months of age.2 None of the studies to date have included data on flow rates.

The purpose of this paper is to describe a method which permits direct measurement of ventilation. In addition, observations which have been extended to infants up to 8.9 months of age are included.

Methods  The apparatus (Fig. 1) employs the bag-in-box principle. The box is constructed of Lucite, is airtight, and has a 27 liter capacity. Within the box is a Neoprene balloon of 6 liter capacity. The box and the

REFERENCES

1 +
Murphy, D. P., and Thorpe, E. S.:  Breathing Measurements on Normal New-Born Infants , J. Clin. Invest. 10:545, 1931;.
2 +
Deming, J., and Washburn, A. H.:  Respiration in Infancy: I. A Method of Studying Rates, Volume, and Character of Respiration with Preliminary Report of Results , Am. J. Dis. Child. 49: 108, 1935;.
3 +
Deming, J., and Hanner, J. P.:  Respiration in Infancy: II. A Study of Rate, Volume, and Character of Respiration in Healthy Infants During the Neonatal Period , Am. J. Dis. Child. 51: 823, 1936;.
4 +
Cross, K. W.:  The Respiratory Rate and the Ventilation in the Newborn Baby , J. Physiol. 109: 459, 1949;.
5 +
Boutourline-Young, H. J., and Smith, C. A.:  Respiration of Full Term and of Premature Infants , Am. J. Dis. Child. 80:753, 1950;.
6 +
Cook, C. D., et al.:  Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: I. Observations on Normal Premature and Full-Term Infants , J. Clin. Invest. 34:975, 1955;.
7 +
Miller, H. C., and Smull, N. W.:  Further Studies on the Effects of Hypoxia on the Respiration of Newborn Infants , Pediatrics 16:93, 1955;.
8 +
Stahlman, M. T.:  Pulmonary Ventilation and Diffusion in the Human Newborn Infant , J. Clin. Invest. 36:1081, 1957;.
9 +
Stewart, P. A.; Grossman, H. J., and Kadetz, W.:  Resistance Strain Gauges Applied to Respirometry: A New Method for Studying Respiration in the Newborn Infant , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 46: 120, 1955;.
10 +
Pappenheimer, J. R., et al.:  Standardization of Definitions and Symbols in Respiratory Physiology , Fed. Proc. 9:602, 1950;.
11 +
DuBois, E. F.: Basal Metabolism in Health and Disease , Ed. 3, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1936;,  Chap. 7 .
12 +
Smith, C. A.: The Physiology of the Newborn Infant , Ed. 2, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1951;.
13 +
Stahlman, M. T.:  The Evolution of Metabolic and Ventilatory Changes in Respiration in the First 2 to 5 Weeks of Life , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 96:486, 1958;.
14 +
Kaye, R.; Whittenberger, J. L., and Silverman, L.:  Respiratory Air Flow Patterns in Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 77:625, 1949;.
15 +
Washburn, A. H., in discussion of Oliver, T. K., Jr.; Shaw, R. S., and Wheeler, W. E.:  Pulmonary Ventilation in Infants Less Than One Year of Age , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 96:453, 1958;.
16 +
Radford, E. P.; Ferris, B. G., Jr., and Kriete, B. C.:  Clinical Use of Nomogram to Estimate Proper Ventilation During Artificial Respiration , New England J. Med. 251:877, 1954;.
17 +
Soley, M. H., and Shock, N. W.:  The Rate of Respiratory Adjustment to Postural Change , Am. J. Physiol. 130:772, 1940;.
18 +
Karlberg, P.:  Determination of Standard Energy Metabolism (Basal Metabolism) in Normal Infants , Acta paediat. ( (Supp. 89) ) 41:1, 1951;.
19 +
Oliver, W. J.; Graham, B. D., and Wilson, J. L.:  Lack of Scientific Validity of Body Surface as Basis for Parenteral Fluid Dosage , J. A. M. A. 167:1211, 1958;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Murphy, D. P., and Thorpe, E. S.:  Breathing Measurements on Normal New-Born Infants , J. Clin. Invest. 10:545, 1931;.
2 +
Deming, J., and Washburn, A. H.:  Respiration in Infancy: I. A Method of Studying Rates, Volume, and Character of Respiration with Preliminary Report of Results , Am. J. Dis. Child. 49: 108, 1935;.
3 +
Deming, J., and Hanner, J. P.:  Respiration in Infancy: II. A Study of Rate, Volume, and Character of Respiration in Healthy Infants During the Neonatal Period , Am. J. Dis. Child. 51: 823, 1936;.
4 +
Cross, K. W.:  The Respiratory Rate and the Ventilation in the Newborn Baby , J. Physiol. 109: 459, 1949;.
5 +
Boutourline-Young, H. J., and Smith, C. A.:  Respiration of Full Term and of Premature Infants , Am. J. Dis. Child. 80:753, 1950;.
6 +
Cook, C. D., et al.:  Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: I. Observations on Normal Premature and Full-Term Infants , J. Clin. Invest. 34:975, 1955;.
7 +
Miller, H. C., and Smull, N. W.:  Further Studies on the Effects of Hypoxia on the Respiration of Newborn Infants , Pediatrics 16:93, 1955;.
8 +
Stahlman, M. T.:  Pulmonary Ventilation and Diffusion in the Human Newborn Infant , J. Clin. Invest. 36:1081, 1957;.
9 +
Stewart, P. A.; Grossman, H. J., and Kadetz, W.:  Resistance Strain Gauges Applied to Respirometry: A New Method for Studying Respiration in the Newborn Infant , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 46: 120, 1955;.
10 +
Pappenheimer, J. R., et al.:  Standardization of Definitions and Symbols in Respiratory Physiology , Fed. Proc. 9:602, 1950;.
11 +
DuBois, E. F.: Basal Metabolism in Health and Disease , Ed. 3, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1936;,  Chap. 7 .
12 +
Smith, C. A.: The Physiology of the Newborn Infant , Ed. 2, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1951;.
13 +
Stahlman, M. T.:  The Evolution of Metabolic and Ventilatory Changes in Respiration in the First 2 to 5 Weeks of Life , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 96:486, 1958;.
14 +
Kaye, R.; Whittenberger, J. L., and Silverman, L.:  Respiratory Air Flow Patterns in Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 77:625, 1949;.
15 +
Washburn, A. H., in discussion of Oliver, T. K., Jr.; Shaw, R. S., and Wheeler, W. E.:  Pulmonary Ventilation in Infants Less Than One Year of Age , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 96:453, 1958;.
16 +
Radford, E. P.; Ferris, B. G., Jr., and Kriete, B. C.:  Clinical Use of Nomogram to Estimate Proper Ventilation During Artificial Respiration , New England J. Med. 251:877, 1954;.
17 +
Soley, M. H., and Shock, N. W.:  The Rate of Respiratory Adjustment to Postural Change , Am. J. Physiol. 130:772, 1940;.
18 +
Karlberg, P.:  Determination of Standard Energy Metabolism (Basal Metabolism) in Normal Infants , Acta paediat. ( (Supp. 89) ) 41:1, 1951;.
19 +
Oliver, W. J.; Graham, B. D., and Wilson, J. L.:  Lack of Scientific Validity of Body Surface as Basis for Parenteral Fluid Dosage , J. A. M. A. 167:1211, 1958;.

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