0
February 1957, Vol 93, No. 2 >
Article | February 1957

Bilateral Symmetry of Skeletal Maturation in the Human Hand and Wrist FREE

SAMUEL DREIZEN, D.D.S.; RICHARD M. SNODGRASSE, Ph.D.; HAMILTON WEBB-PEPLOE; GEORGE S. PARKER, D.D.S.; TOM D. SPIES, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Aug. 6, 1956; accepted Aug. 31.

These studies were made possible by grants from The Benjamin & Roberta Russell Educational and Charitable Foundations, Inc., and Lasdon Foundation, Inc.


AMA Am J Dis Child. 1957;93(2):122-127. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1957.02060040124004.
Text Size: A A A
Published online
Article
References
Comments

In assessing skeletal age it is customary to examine roentgenograms of only one hand and wrist on the assumption that pronounced differences between the two sides are comparatively rare. Although homologous parts of the two sides of the skeleton may show considerable differences in development, the bulk of available evidence supports the thesis that, for all practical purposes, discrepancies between the two sides are too insignificant to constitute a source of error in the determination of skeletal status.1-8 This inference is derived from investigations of the number and size of ossification centers in the hand and wrist, chronological order of appearance of the carpal bones and secondary epiphyses, and detailed measurements of the carpal area.

The delineation of skeletal maturation determiners of the hand and wrist, initiated by Rochlin9 and Todd10 and extended by Greulich and Pyle,11 permits a more precise estimation of the developmental status

REFERENCES

1 +
Long, E., and Caldwell, E. W.:  Some Investigations Concerning the Relation Between Carpal Ossification and Physical and Mental Development . Am. J. Dis. Child. 1:113, 1911;.
2 +
Stettner, E.:  Über die Beziehungen der Ossifikation des Handskellets zu Alter und Längenwachstum bei gesunden und kranken Kindern von der Geburt bis zur Pubertät , Arch. Kinderh. 68: 342, 1921;.
3 +
Baldwin, B. T.; Busby, L. M., and Garside, H. V.: Anatomic Growth of Children: A Study of Some Bones of the Hand, Wrist, and Lower Forearm by Means of Roentgenograms , (Studies in Child Welfare), Iowa City, Iowa, University of Iowa, 1928;, Vol. 4, No. (1) .
4 +
Sawtell, R. O.:  Ossification and Growth of Children from One to Eight Years of Age , Am. J. Dis. Child. 37:61, 1929;.
5 +
Torgersen, J.:  Asymmetry and Skeletal Maturation , Acta radiol . 36:521, 1951;.
6 +
Flecker, H.:  Roentgenographic Observations of the Times of Appearance of Epiphyses and Their Fusion with the Diaphyses , J. Anat. 67: 118, 1932;.
7 +
Elgenmark, O.:  The Normal Development of the Ossific Centres During Infancy and Childhood: Clinical, Roentgenologic, and Statistical Study , Acta pædiat. 33:1-79 ( (Suppl. 1) ), 1946;.
8 +
Pryor, J. W.:  Bilateral Symmetry as Seen in Ossification , Am. J. Anat. 58:87, 1936;.
9 +
Rochlin, D. G.:  Röntgenosteologie und Röntgenanthropologie, Mockba , Biomedgiz , 1936;.
10 +
Todd, T. W.: Atlas of Skeletal Maturation (Hand) , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1937;.
11 +
Greulich, W. W., and Pyle, S. I.: Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist: Based on the Brush Foundation Study of Human Growth and Development Initiated by T. Wingate Todd, Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press, 1950;.
12 +
Pyle, S. I.; Mann, A. W.; Dreizen, S.; Kelley, H. J.; Macy, I. G., and Spies, T. D.:  A Substitute for Skeletal Age (Todd) for Clinical Use: The Red Graph Method , J. Pediat. 32: 125, 1948;.
13 +
Mainland, D.: Elementary Medical Statistics: The Principles of Quantitative Medicine , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1952;.
14 +
Caffey, J.: Pediatric X-Ray Diagnosis: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners of Pediatrics , Surgery & Radiology, Ed. 2, Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1950;.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Long, E., and Caldwell, E. W.:  Some Investigations Concerning the Relation Between Carpal Ossification and Physical and Mental Development . Am. J. Dis. Child. 1:113, 1911;.
2 +
Stettner, E.:  Über die Beziehungen der Ossifikation des Handskellets zu Alter und Längenwachstum bei gesunden und kranken Kindern von der Geburt bis zur Pubertät , Arch. Kinderh. 68: 342, 1921;.
3 +
Baldwin, B. T.; Busby, L. M., and Garside, H. V.: Anatomic Growth of Children: A Study of Some Bones of the Hand, Wrist, and Lower Forearm by Means of Roentgenograms , (Studies in Child Welfare), Iowa City, Iowa, University of Iowa, 1928;, Vol. 4, No. (1) .
4 +
Sawtell, R. O.:  Ossification and Growth of Children from One to Eight Years of Age , Am. J. Dis. Child. 37:61, 1929;.
5 +
Torgersen, J.:  Asymmetry and Skeletal Maturation , Acta radiol . 36:521, 1951;.
6 +
Flecker, H.:  Roentgenographic Observations of the Times of Appearance of Epiphyses and Their Fusion with the Diaphyses , J. Anat. 67: 118, 1932;.
7 +
Elgenmark, O.:  The Normal Development of the Ossific Centres During Infancy and Childhood: Clinical, Roentgenologic, and Statistical Study , Acta pædiat. 33:1-79 ( (Suppl. 1) ), 1946;.
8 +
Pryor, J. W.:  Bilateral Symmetry as Seen in Ossification , Am. J. Anat. 58:87, 1936;.
9 +
Rochlin, D. G.:  Röntgenosteologie und Röntgenanthropologie, Mockba , Biomedgiz , 1936;.
10 +
Todd, T. W.: Atlas of Skeletal Maturation (Hand) , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1937;.
11 +
Greulich, W. W., and Pyle, S. I.: Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist: Based on the Brush Foundation Study of Human Growth and Development Initiated by T. Wingate Todd, Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press, 1950;.
12 +
Pyle, S. I.; Mann, A. W.; Dreizen, S.; Kelley, H. J.; Macy, I. G., and Spies, T. D.:  A Substitute for Skeletal Age (Todd) for Clinical Use: The Red Graph Method , J. Pediat. 32: 125, 1948;.
13 +
Mainland, D.: Elementary Medical Statistics: The Principles of Quantitative Medicine , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1952;.
14 +
Caffey, J.: Pediatric X-Ray Diagnosis: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners of Pediatrics , Surgery & Radiology, Ed. 2, Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1950;.

Correspondence

Submit a Letter
CME
Accreditation Information
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Clear Answers | Save For Later
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
Commitment to Change (optional):
Indicate what change(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
Your quiz results:
The filled radio buttons indicate your responses. The preferred responses are highlighted
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
Submit a Comment

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.

© 2013 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
Powered bySilverchair Information Systems