0
July 1956, Vol 92, No. 1 >
Article | July 1956

Epidemic Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis in a Newborn Nursery FREE

RICHARD T. SMITH, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Feb. 20, 1956; accepted, April 10, 1956.

Studies performed during the tenure of a research fellowship with the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation, and as a Senior Fellow of the Arthritis and Rheumatism Foundation. Supported in part by a grant from the U.S.P.H.S. (H-9023).

References 2-9.

Anderson, A. A., and Good, T. A., personal communication to the authors.

References 10-12.

References 13-15.

References 16 and 17.

Reference 1; Good, T. A., personal communication with the authors.


AMA Am J Dis Child. 1956;92(1):45-56. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1956.02060030039010.
Text Size: A A A
Published online
Article
References
Comments

The micro-organism responsible for the majority of infections occurring during the newborn period is the Staphylococcus. While sporadic cases of minor skin infection or the occasional occurrence of septicemia1 due to staphylococci are observed in most newborn nurseries, the more serious clinical forms of staphylococcal disease usually occur during epidemic outbreaks. A number of such epidemics have been reported recently,* and others are known to have occurred.f During these epidemics the most frequently observed clinical manifestations have been impetigo neonatorum, acute mastitis, deep subcutaneous abcesses, omphalitis, and conjunctivitis. More serious forms of infection reported as occurring during outbreaks of staphylococcal disease have included pneumonia,‡ with empyema,§ and pyopneumothorax ‖ and generalized sepsis.¶ With the exception of the report of Lyon and Rantz,18 gastroenteritis has not been emphasized as a primary manifestation of epidemic staphylococcal infection in the newborn infant.

Recently an outbreak of staphylococcal disease in the newborn

REFERENCES

1 +
Smith, R. T.; Good, R. A., and Platou, E. S.:  Septicemia of the Newborn: Current Status of the Problem , Pediatrics 549-
2 +
Hardyment, A. F.:  The Control of Infections in the Newborn , Canad. M.A.J. 70:379-382 (April) 1954;.
3 +
Forfar, J. O.; Maccabe, A. F.; Balf, C. L.; Wright, H. A., and Gould, J. C.:  Staphylococcal Infection of the Newborn Treated with Erythromycin , Lancet 1:584-587 ( (March 19) ) 1955;.
4 +
Edmunds, P. M.; Elias-Jones, T. F.; Forfar, J. O., and Balf, C. L.:  Pathogenic Staphylococci in the Environment of the Newborn , Brit. M. J. 1:990 ( (April 30) ) 1955;.
5 +
Moseley, R. W.:  Acute Mastitis of the Newborn Due to Micrococcus Pyogenes var. Aureus , U. S. Armed Forces M. J. 5:371-377 ( (March) ) 1954;.
6 +
Webb, J. F.:  Newborn Infections and Breast Abscesses of Staphylococcal Origin , Canad. M. A. J. 70:382-388 ( (April) ) 1954;.
7 +
Felsen, J.; Lapin, J.; Wolarsky, W.; Weil, A. J., and Fox, I.:  Staphylococcic Infections in Hospital Nurseries and Pediatrics Wards , A.M.A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 81:534-540 ( (April) ) 1951;.
8 +
Colbeck, J. C.:  Extensive Outbreak of Staphylococcal Infections in Maternity Units (Use of Bacteriophage Typing in Investigation and Control) , Canad. M. A. J. 61:557-568 ( (Dec.) ) 1949;.
9 +
Feldman, F., and Annunziata, D.:  Staphylococcus Aureus Infections in the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 41:399-402 ( (Oct.) ) 1952;.
10 +
Kramer, B., and Philip, B.:  Chemotherapy of Staphylococcus Aureus Infection of Lungs and Pleura in Infancy , J. Pediat. 26:481-488 ( (May) ) 1945;.
11 +
McBryde, A.:  Hemolytic Staphylococcus Pneumonia in Early Infancy: Response to Penicillin Therapy , Am. J. Dis. Child. 68:271-272 ( (Oct.) ) 1944;.
12 +
Guthrie, K. J., and Montgomery, G. L.:  Staphylococcal Pneumonia in Childhood: Pathological Considerations , Lancet 2:752-755 ( (Nov. 22) ) 1947;.
13 +
Kanof, A.; Epstein, B.S.; Kramer, B., and Mauss, I.:  Staphylococcal Pneumonia and Empyema , Pediatrics 11:385-392 ( (April) ) 1953;.
14 +
Riley, C. M.:  Staphylococcus Empyema in Infants and Children: Review of 29 Cases , J. Pediat. 24:577-584 ( (May) ) 1944;.
15 +
Forbes, G. B.:  Diagnosis and Management of Severe Infections in Infants and Children: Review of Experiences Since Introduction of Sulfonamide Therapy; Staphylococcal Empyema; Importance of Pyopneumothorax as Complication , J. Pediat. 29:45-67 ( (July) ) 1946;.
16 +
Clemens, H. H., and Weens, H. S.:  Staphylococcic Pneumonia in Infants: Occurrence of Pyopneumopyothorax , J. Pediat. 20:281-296 ( (March) ) 1942;.
17 +
Rackow, F.:  Staphylococcal Pyothorax in Infants , Brit. M. J. 1:11-13 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1953;.
18 +
Lyon, H. B., Jr., and Rantz, L. A.:  Staphylococcus Aureus in Outbreak of Infantile Diarrhea , Pediatrics 5:617-620 ( (April) ) 1950;.
19 +
Allison, V. D., and Hobbs, B. C.:  Inquiry into the Epidemiology of Pemphigus Neonatorum , Brit. Med. J. 2:1-7 ( (July 5) ) 1947;.
20 +
Widerman, A.:  Dermatitis Exfoliativa Neonatorum (Ritter's Disease) , Am. J. Dis. Child. 70: 329-330, 1945;.
21 +
Cooke, R. E.:  The Behavioural Response of Infants to Heat Stress , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 24: 334-340 ( (Feb.) ) 1952;.
22 +
Lowe, C. U.:  Practical Thoughts on Electrolyte and Fluid Administration , Pediatrics 15:498-504 ( (April) ) 1955;.
23 +
Wise, R. I.; Cranny, C., and Spink, W. W.:  Epidemiological Studies on Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococci , Bull. Univ. Minnesota Hosp. & Minnesota M. Foundation 26:174, 1954;.
24 +
Feinberg, S. B.; Margulis, A. R., and Nice, C. M.:  Staff Meeting Report: Deficient Abdominal Gas Pattern in Infants , Bull. Univ. Minnesota Hosp. & Minnesota M. Foundation 27:90 ( (Dec.) ) 1955;.
25 +
Rapoport, S.; Dodd, K.; Clark, M., and Syllm, I.:  Postacidotic State of Infantile Diarrhea: Symptoms and Chemical Data: Postacidotic Hypocalcemia and Associated Decreases in Levels of Potassium, Phosphorus and Phosphatase in Plasma , Am. J. Dis. Child. 73:391-441 ( (April) ) 1947;.
26 +
Fulton, F.:  Staphylococcal Enterotoxin, with Special Reference to Kitten Test , Brit. J. Exper. Path. 24:65-72 ( (April) ) 1943;.
27 +
Dolman, C. E.; Wilson, R. J., and Cockcroft, W. H.:  New Method of Detecting Staphylococcus Enterotoxin , Canad. J. Pub. Health 27: 489-493 ( (Oct.) ) 1936;.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

References

1 +
Smith, R. T.; Good, R. A., and Platou, E. S.:  Septicemia of the Newborn: Current Status of the Problem , Pediatrics 549-
2 +
Hardyment, A. F.:  The Control of Infections in the Newborn , Canad. M.A.J. 70:379-382 (April) 1954;.
3 +
Forfar, J. O.; Maccabe, A. F.; Balf, C. L.; Wright, H. A., and Gould, J. C.:  Staphylococcal Infection of the Newborn Treated with Erythromycin , Lancet 1:584-587 ( (March 19) ) 1955;.
4 +
Edmunds, P. M.; Elias-Jones, T. F.; Forfar, J. O., and Balf, C. L.:  Pathogenic Staphylococci in the Environment of the Newborn , Brit. M. J. 1:990 ( (April 30) ) 1955;.
5 +
Moseley, R. W.:  Acute Mastitis of the Newborn Due to Micrococcus Pyogenes var. Aureus , U. S. Armed Forces M. J. 5:371-377 ( (March) ) 1954;.
6 +
Webb, J. F.:  Newborn Infections and Breast Abscesses of Staphylococcal Origin , Canad. M. A. J. 70:382-388 ( (April) ) 1954;.
7 +
Felsen, J.; Lapin, J.; Wolarsky, W.; Weil, A. J., and Fox, I.:  Staphylococcic Infections in Hospital Nurseries and Pediatrics Wards , A.M.A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 81:534-540 ( (April) ) 1951;.
8 +
Colbeck, J. C.:  Extensive Outbreak of Staphylococcal Infections in Maternity Units (Use of Bacteriophage Typing in Investigation and Control) , Canad. M. A. J. 61:557-568 ( (Dec.) ) 1949;.
9 +
Feldman, F., and Annunziata, D.:  Staphylococcus Aureus Infections in the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 41:399-402 ( (Oct.) ) 1952;.
10 +
Kramer, B., and Philip, B.:  Chemotherapy of Staphylococcus Aureus Infection of Lungs and Pleura in Infancy , J. Pediat. 26:481-488 ( (May) ) 1945;.
11 +
McBryde, A.:  Hemolytic Staphylococcus Pneumonia in Early Infancy: Response to Penicillin Therapy , Am. J. Dis. Child. 68:271-272 ( (Oct.) ) 1944;.
12 +
Guthrie, K. J., and Montgomery, G. L.:  Staphylococcal Pneumonia in Childhood: Pathological Considerations , Lancet 2:752-755 ( (Nov. 22) ) 1947;.
13 +
Kanof, A.; Epstein, B.S.; Kramer, B., and Mauss, I.:  Staphylococcal Pneumonia and Empyema , Pediatrics 11:385-392 ( (April) ) 1953;.
14 +
Riley, C. M.:  Staphylococcus Empyema in Infants and Children: Review of 29 Cases , J. Pediat. 24:577-584 ( (May) ) 1944;.
15 +
Forbes, G. B.:  Diagnosis and Management of Severe Infections in Infants and Children: Review of Experiences Since Introduction of Sulfonamide Therapy; Staphylococcal Empyema; Importance of Pyopneumothorax as Complication , J. Pediat. 29:45-67 ( (July) ) 1946;.
16 +
Clemens, H. H., and Weens, H. S.:  Staphylococcic Pneumonia in Infants: Occurrence of Pyopneumopyothorax , J. Pediat. 20:281-296 ( (March) ) 1942;.
17 +
Rackow, F.:  Staphylococcal Pyothorax in Infants , Brit. M. J. 1:11-13 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1953;.
18 +
Lyon, H. B., Jr., and Rantz, L. A.:  Staphylococcus Aureus in Outbreak of Infantile Diarrhea , Pediatrics 5:617-620 ( (April) ) 1950;.
19 +
Allison, V. D., and Hobbs, B. C.:  Inquiry into the Epidemiology of Pemphigus Neonatorum , Brit. Med. J. 2:1-7 ( (July 5) ) 1947;.
20 +
Widerman, A.:  Dermatitis Exfoliativa Neonatorum (Ritter's Disease) , Am. J. Dis. Child. 70: 329-330, 1945;.
21 +
Cooke, R. E.:  The Behavioural Response of Infants to Heat Stress , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 24: 334-340 ( (Feb.) ) 1952;.
22 +
Lowe, C. U.:  Practical Thoughts on Electrolyte and Fluid Administration , Pediatrics 15:498-504 ( (April) ) 1955;.
23 +
Wise, R. I.; Cranny, C., and Spink, W. W.:  Epidemiological Studies on Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococci , Bull. Univ. Minnesota Hosp. & Minnesota M. Foundation 26:174, 1954;.
24 +
Feinberg, S. B.; Margulis, A. R., and Nice, C. M.:  Staff Meeting Report: Deficient Abdominal Gas Pattern in Infants , Bull. Univ. Minnesota Hosp. & Minnesota M. Foundation 27:90 ( (Dec.) ) 1955;.
25 +
Rapoport, S.; Dodd, K.; Clark, M., and Syllm, I.:  Postacidotic State of Infantile Diarrhea: Symptoms and Chemical Data: Postacidotic Hypocalcemia and Associated Decreases in Levels of Potassium, Phosphorus and Phosphatase in Plasma , Am. J. Dis. Child. 73:391-441 ( (April) ) 1947;.
26 +
Fulton, F.:  Staphylococcal Enterotoxin, with Special Reference to Kitten Test , Brit. J. Exper. Path. 24:65-72 ( (April) ) 1943;.
27 +
Dolman, C. E.; Wilson, R. J., and Cockcroft, W. H.:  New Method of Detecting Staphylococcus Enterotoxin , Canad. J. Pub. Health 27: 489-493 ( (Oct.) ) 1936;.

Correspondence

Submit a Letter
CME
Accreditation Information
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Clear Answers | Save For Later
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
Commitment to Change (optional):
Indicate what change(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
Your quiz results:
The filled radio buttons indicate your responses. The preferred responses are highlighted
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
Submit a Comment

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.

© 2013 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
Powered bySilverchair Information Systems