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March 1955, Vol 89, No. 3 >
Article | March 1955

Response of Small Premature Infants to Restriction of Supplementary Oxygen FREE

MARY ALLEN ENGLE, M.D.; S. Z. LEVINE, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

References 4-10.


AMA Am J Dis Child. 1955;89(3):316-324. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1955.02050110382009.
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As part of a study of the role of environmental oxygen on retrolental fibroplasia in premature infants of low birth weight,1 observations were made on the tolerance of these infants to early removal from oxygen. Because of the common occurrence of respiratory irregularities associated with immaturity of the respiratory tree, the respiratory center, and the structures of the thoracic cage and the frequent superimposition of intracranial hemorrhage at birth,2 it has been customary to provide small premature infants with an oxygen-rich environment.3 When evidence began to accumulate of the possible harmful effect of oxygen therapy in the causation of retrolental fibroplasia,* it became important to reexamine the necessity for this form of therapy.

PLAN OF STUDY  The routine practice in the premature nursery of the New York Hospital was to place infants with a birth weight below 1650 gm. in an incubator supplied with oxygen, regardless of

REFERENCES

1 +
>Engle, M. A.; Baker, D. H.; Baras, I.; Freemond, A.; Laupus, W. E., and Norton, E. W.: Oxygen Administration and Retrolental Fibroplasia, A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child., to be published.
2 +
Levine, S. Z., and Gordon, H. H.:  Physiologic Handicaps of the Premature Infant , Am. J. Dis. Child. 64:297, 1942;.
3 +
Dunham, E.: Premature Infants: A Manual for Physicians , Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Children's Bureau Publication No. 325, 1948;, p. 119;.
4 +
Kinsey, V. E., and Zacharias, L.:  Retrolental Fibroplasia: Incidence in Different Localities in Recent Years and a Correlation of the Incidence with Treatment Given the Infants , J. A. M. A. 139:572, 1949;.
5 +
Lelong, M.; Rossier, A.; Lemasson, J., and Michelin, J.:  La rétinopathie prématurés (fibroplasie rétolentale): Documents iconographiques , Presse. méd. 59:705, 1951;.
6 +
Campbell, K.:  Intensive Oxygen Therapy as Possible Cause of Retolental Fibroplasia: Clinical Approach , M. J. Australia 2:48, 1951;.
7 +
Patz, A.; Hoeck, L. E., and de la Cruz, E.:  Studies on Effect of High Oxygen Administration in Retrolental Fibroplasia: I. Nursery Observations , Am. J. Ophth. 35:1248, 1952;.
8 +
Ashton, N.; Ward, B., and Serpell, G.:  Role of Oxygen in Genesis of Retrolental Fibroplasia: Preliminary Report , Brit. J. Ophth. 37:513, 1953;.
9 +
Patz, A.; Eastam, A.; Higginbotham, D. H., and Kleb, T.:  Oxygen Studies in Retrolental Fibroplasia: II. Production of Microscopic Changes of Retrolental Fibroplasia in Experimental Animals , Am. J. Ophth. 36:1511, 1953;.
10 +
Lanman, J. T.; Guy, L. P., and Dancis, J.:  Retrolental Fibroplasia and Oxygen Therapy , J. A. M. A. 155:223, 1954;.
11 +
Schulman, I.; Smith, C. H., and Stern, G.:  Studies on the Anemia of Prematurity: I. Fetal and Adult Hemoglobins in Premature Infants , A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 88:568, 1954;.
12 +
Dancis, J.; O'Connell, J. R., and Holt, L. E., Jr.:  A Grid for Recording the Weight of Premature Infants , J. Pediat. 33:570, 1948;.
13 +
Schulman, I., and Smith, C. H.:  Studies on the Anemia of Prematurity: III. The Mechanism of the Anemia , A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child . 88: 582, 1954;.
14 +
Zeltner, E.:  Über den Wachstumstrieb im Säuglingsalter , Arch. Kinderh. 108:95, 1936;.
15 +
Benton, A. L.:  Mental Development of Prematurely Born Children: A Critical Review of the Literature , Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 10:719, 1940;.
16 +
Ylppö, A.:  The Disease of Premature Infants, Including the "Debilitated" and "Weak ," in von Pfoundler, M., and Schlossman, A.: The Diseases of Children: A Work for the Practicing Physician (American edition English translated by M. G. Peterman, from the Fourth German edition [1931]), Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1935;, Vol. 1, pp. 433-504.
17 +
Hess, J. H., and Lundeen, E. C.: The Premature Infant: Medical and Nursing Care , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1949;, p. 232.

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References

1 +
>Engle, M. A.; Baker, D. H.; Baras, I.; Freemond, A.; Laupus, W. E., and Norton, E. W.: Oxygen Administration and Retrolental Fibroplasia, A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child., to be published.
2 +
Levine, S. Z., and Gordon, H. H.:  Physiologic Handicaps of the Premature Infant , Am. J. Dis. Child. 64:297, 1942;.
3 +
Dunham, E.: Premature Infants: A Manual for Physicians , Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Children's Bureau Publication No. 325, 1948;, p. 119;.
4 +
Kinsey, V. E., and Zacharias, L.:  Retrolental Fibroplasia: Incidence in Different Localities in Recent Years and a Correlation of the Incidence with Treatment Given the Infants , J. A. M. A. 139:572, 1949;.
5 +
Lelong, M.; Rossier, A.; Lemasson, J., and Michelin, J.:  La rétinopathie prématurés (fibroplasie rétolentale): Documents iconographiques , Presse. méd. 59:705, 1951;.
6 +
Campbell, K.:  Intensive Oxygen Therapy as Possible Cause of Retolental Fibroplasia: Clinical Approach , M. J. Australia 2:48, 1951;.
7 +
Patz, A.; Hoeck, L. E., and de la Cruz, E.:  Studies on Effect of High Oxygen Administration in Retrolental Fibroplasia: I. Nursery Observations , Am. J. Ophth. 35:1248, 1952;.
8 +
Ashton, N.; Ward, B., and Serpell, G.:  Role of Oxygen in Genesis of Retrolental Fibroplasia: Preliminary Report , Brit. J. Ophth. 37:513, 1953;.
9 +
Patz, A.; Eastam, A.; Higginbotham, D. H., and Kleb, T.:  Oxygen Studies in Retrolental Fibroplasia: II. Production of Microscopic Changes of Retrolental Fibroplasia in Experimental Animals , Am. J. Ophth. 36:1511, 1953;.
10 +
Lanman, J. T.; Guy, L. P., and Dancis, J.:  Retrolental Fibroplasia and Oxygen Therapy , J. A. M. A. 155:223, 1954;.
11 +
Schulman, I.; Smith, C. H., and Stern, G.:  Studies on the Anemia of Prematurity: I. Fetal and Adult Hemoglobins in Premature Infants , A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 88:568, 1954;.
12 +
Dancis, J.; O'Connell, J. R., and Holt, L. E., Jr.:  A Grid for Recording the Weight of Premature Infants , J. Pediat. 33:570, 1948;.
13 +
Schulman, I., and Smith, C. H.:  Studies on the Anemia of Prematurity: III. The Mechanism of the Anemia , A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child . 88: 582, 1954;.
14 +
Zeltner, E.:  Über den Wachstumstrieb im Säuglingsalter , Arch. Kinderh. 108:95, 1936;.
15 +
Benton, A. L.:  Mental Development of Prematurely Born Children: A Critical Review of the Literature , Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 10:719, 1940;.
16 +
Ylppö, A.:  The Disease of Premature Infants, Including the "Debilitated" and "Weak ," in von Pfoundler, M., and Schlossman, A.: The Diseases of Children: A Work for the Practicing Physician (American edition English translated by M. G. Peterman, from the Fourth German edition [1931]), Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1935;, Vol. 1, pp. 433-504.
17 +
Hess, J. H., and Lundeen, E. C.: The Premature Infant: Medical and Nursing Care , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1949;, p. 232.

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