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VALUES FOR FECAL UROBILINOGEN IN CHILDHOOD FREE

STEPHEN D. MILLS, M.D.; HAROLD L. MASON, Ph.D.; Elizabeth Maclay
AMA Am J Dis Child. 1952;84(3):322-326. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1952.02050030048004.
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IN THE management of many hematologic and hepatic disorders, it is useful to know the daily output of fecal urobilinogen. The values for output may serve as an index of the degree of activity of a hemolytic process, since there is a direct relationship between the rate at which degradation of hemoglobin occurs and the daily excretion of urobilinogen in the stool.

Destruction of hemoglobin occurs in the reticuloendothelial system, chiefly in the liver and spleen. Bilirubin is formed in the liver and excreted into the intestine. There it is reduced by bacterial action to urobilinogen, which in reality consists of mesobilirubinogen and stercobilinogen, according to Watson.1a The amount of urobilinogen depends on the reduction of bilirubin to urobilinogen.

Part of the fecal urobilinogen is reabsorbed into the portal circulation and returned to the liver to be reexcreted in the bile. A smaller part is absorbed into the general

REFERENCES

(a) Watson, C. J.:  Medical Progress: Bile Pigments , New England J. Med. 227:665 ( (Oct. 29) ); 705 (Nov. 5) 1942;.
(b) Singer, K., and Miller, E. B.:  Studies in Urobilinogen , Bull. New England M. Center 2:302-305 ( (Oct.) ) 1940;.
London, I. M.; West, R.; Shemin, D., and Rittenberg, D.:  On the Origin of Bile Pigment in Normal Man , J. Biol. Chem. 184:351-358 ( (May) ) 1950;.
London, I. M.:  The Conversion of Hematin to Bile Pigment , J. Biol. Chem. 184:373-376 ( (May) ) 1950;.
(a) Tat, R. J.; Greenwalt, T. J., and Dameshek, W.:  Output of Bile Pigment by Newborn Infants and by Older Infants and Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 65:558-570 ( (April) ) 1943;.
(b) Josephs, H. W.:  Urobilin Excretion of Infancy and Childhood: Relation to Blood Destruction and Formation , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 55:154-168 ( (Aug.) ) 1934;.
Watson, C. J.:  Studies of Urobilinogen: I. An Improved Method for the Quantitative Estimation of Urobilinogen in Urine and Feces , Am. J. Clin. Path. 6:458-475 ( (Sept.) ) 1936;.
Schwartz, S.; Sborov, V., and Watson, C. J.:  Studies of Urobilinogen: IV. The Quantitative Determination of Urobilinogen by Means of the Evelyn Photoelectric Colorimeter , Am. J. Clin. Path. 14:598-604 ( (Dec.) ) 1944;.
Hagen, P. S., and Watson, C. J.:  Hypersplenism and Hemolytic Anemia in Leukemia: Results of Splenectomy , in Proceedings of the Third International Congress of the International Society of Hematology, 1951 , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1951;, pp. 95-98.
Sborov, V. M.; Jay, A. R., and Watson, C. J.:  The Effect of Aureomycin on Urobilinogen Formation and the Fecal Flora , Proc. Central Soc. Clin. Research 22:70-71. 1949;:
J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 37:52-59 ( (Jan.) ) 1951;.

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References

(a) Watson, C. J.:  Medical Progress: Bile Pigments , New England J. Med. 227:665 ( (Oct. 29) ); 705 (Nov. 5) 1942;.
(b) Singer, K., and Miller, E. B.:  Studies in Urobilinogen , Bull. New England M. Center 2:302-305 ( (Oct.) ) 1940;.
London, I. M.; West, R.; Shemin, D., and Rittenberg, D.:  On the Origin of Bile Pigment in Normal Man , J. Biol. Chem. 184:351-358 ( (May) ) 1950;.
London, I. M.:  The Conversion of Hematin to Bile Pigment , J. Biol. Chem. 184:373-376 ( (May) ) 1950;.
(a) Tat, R. J.; Greenwalt, T. J., and Dameshek, W.:  Output of Bile Pigment by Newborn Infants and by Older Infants and Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 65:558-570 ( (April) ) 1943;.
(b) Josephs, H. W.:  Urobilin Excretion of Infancy and Childhood: Relation to Blood Destruction and Formation , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 55:154-168 ( (Aug.) ) 1934;.
Watson, C. J.:  Studies of Urobilinogen: I. An Improved Method for the Quantitative Estimation of Urobilinogen in Urine and Feces , Am. J. Clin. Path. 6:458-475 ( (Sept.) ) 1936;.
Schwartz, S.; Sborov, V., and Watson, C. J.:  Studies of Urobilinogen: IV. The Quantitative Determination of Urobilinogen by Means of the Evelyn Photoelectric Colorimeter , Am. J. Clin. Path. 14:598-604 ( (Dec.) ) 1944;.
Hagen, P. S., and Watson, C. J.:  Hypersplenism and Hemolytic Anemia in Leukemia: Results of Splenectomy , in Proceedings of the Third International Congress of the International Society of Hematology, 1951 , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1951;, pp. 95-98.
Sborov, V. M.; Jay, A. R., and Watson, C. J.:  The Effect of Aureomycin on Urobilinogen Formation and the Fecal Flora , Proc. Central Soc. Clin. Research 22:70-71. 1949;:
J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 37:52-59 ( (Jan.) ) 1951;.

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